scholarly journals Examining the Association of Socioeconomic Position with Microcephaly and Delayed Childhood Neurodevelopment among Children with Prenatal Zika Virus Exposure

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Grace M. Power ◽  
Suzanna C. Francis ◽  
Nuria Sanchez Clemente ◽  
Zilton Vasconcelos ◽  
Patricia Brasil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Virus Exposure

Increased rates of Zika virus have been identified in economically deprived areas in Brazil at the population level; yet, the implications of the interaction between socioeconomic position and prenatal Zika virus exposure on adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remains insufficiently evaluated at the individual level. Using data collected between September 2015 and September 2019 from 163 children with qRT-PCR and/or IgM-confirmed prenatal exposure to Zika virus participating in a prospective cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (NCT03255369), this study evaluated the relationships of socioeconomic indicators with microcephaly at birth and Bayley-III neurodevelopmental scores during the early life course. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated increased odds of microcephaly in children born to families with lower household income (OR, 95% CI: 3.85, 1.43 to 10.37) and higher household crowding (OR, 95% CI: 1.83, 1.16 to 2.91), while maternal secondary and higher education appeared to have a protective effect for microcephaly compared to primary education (OR, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.11 to 0.98 and 0.10, 0.03 to 0.36, respectively). Consistent with these findings, adjusted linear regression models indicated lower composite language (−10.78, 95% CI: −19.87 to −1.69), motor (−10.45, 95% CI: −19.22 to −1.69), and cognitive (−17.20, 95% CI: −26.13 to −8.28) scores in children whose families participated in the Bolsa Família social protection programme. As such, the results from this investigation further emphasise the detrimental effects of childhood disadvantage on human health and development by providing novel evidence on the link between individual level socioeconomic indicators and microcephaly and delayed early life neurodevelopment following prenatal Zika virus exposure.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment Of Households Economic Welfare As A Manifestation Of Adjustment To Transition And European Integration Processes In The Case Of Estonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiiu Paas ◽  
Andres Vork ◽  
Nancy J. Scannell
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Per Capita

This paper analyzes Estonian households' perception of welfare, including the determinants and dynamics of said perception under transition. Data from the Estonian Household Income and Expenditures Survey 2000 and 2001 are used to construct samples. Ordered probit and linear regression models are employed to investigate the determinants of the self-assessed economic situations and income levels as determined to be necessary by households for conducting normal life. The income level perceived by households as necessary to conduct normal life is found to vary substantially depending on a given households actual income and other extant household characteristics. This indicates that factors other than income per capita alone are relevant for understanding households welfare and their perception of normal life, and, hence, should be among the targets of social policy and factored into the development strategies of Estonias social protection system.

Clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes based on brain imaging studies in a Colombian cohort of children with probable antenatal Zika virus exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Daza ◽  
Marcela Mercado ◽  
Cynthia A. Moore ◽  
Diana Valencia ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lengua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Virus Exposure

Head Circumference within the Normal Range and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa T. Bushman ◽  
Christina Blanchard ◽  
Rachael G. Sinkey ◽  
Stacy Harris ◽  
Brian Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Objective We sought to determine if variation in head circumference (HC) within the range of normal (5th–10th and 90th–95th percentile) is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO), which defined as mild or moderate delay by Bayley II psychometrics (BSID-II). Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial assessing the benefits of magnesium for the prevention of cerebral palsy. Fetuses with a normal HC at birth defined as within 5th to 95th percentile were included. NDO were assessed at age 2 with BSID-II. Moderate delay was defined as a score <70 and mild delay as <85. HC was classified as small normal (5th–10th percentile), normal (10th–90th percentile), and large normal (90th–95th percentile). Logistic regression models adjusted for confounding. Linear regression models estimated the impact for every 1 cm of change in HC. Results Of 1,236 included infants, 111 (8%) had small normal HC; 1,058 (85%) had normal HC; and 67 (5%) had large normal HC. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There was no association with changes in HC within the range of normal and developmental indices. When considered as a continuous variable, every 1 cm increase in HC was also not associated with a significant change in developmental indices. Conclusion Within the normal range (5th–95th percentile), changes in HC did not correlate with changes in NDO at 2 years as measured by Bayley II scales. Key Points

scholarly journals A Comparison of Machine-Learning Methods to Select Socioeconomic Indicators in Cultural Landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maldonado ◽  
Darío Ramos-López ◽  
Pedro Aguilera 
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Cultural landscapes are regarded to be complex socioecological systems that originated as a result of the interaction between humanity and nature across time. Cultural landscapes present complex-system properties, including nonlinear dynamics among their components. There is a close relationship between socioeconomy and landscape in cultural landscapes, so that changes in the socioeconomic dynamic have an effect on the structure and functionality of the landscape. Several numerical analyses have been carried out to study this relationship, with linear regression models being widely used. However, cultural landscapes comprise a considerable amount of elements and processes, whose interactions might not be properly captured by a linear model. In recent years, machine-learning techniques have increasingly been applied to the field of ecology to solve regression tasks. These techniques provide sound methods and algorithms for dealing with complex systems under uncertainty. The term ‘machine learning’ includes a wide variety of methods to learn models from data. In this paper, we study the relationship between socioeconomy and cultural landscape (in Andalusia, Spain) at two different spatial scales aiming at comparing different regression models from a predictive-accuracy point of view, including model trees and neural or Bayesian networks.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopment in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321031
Author(s):  
Karen Blackmon ◽  
Roberta Evans ◽  
Michelle Fernandes ◽  
Barbara Landon ◽  
Trevor Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Child Exposure ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Parallel Control ◽  
Normal Head

ObjectiveZika virus (ZIKV) targets neural stem cells in the developing brain. However, the majority of ZIKV-exposed children are born without apparent neurological manifestations. It remains unclear if these children were protected from ZIKV neurotropism or if they harbour subtle pathology that is disruptive to brain development. We assess this by comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes in normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children relative to a parallel control group of unexposed controls.DesignCohort study.SettingPublic health centres in Grenada, West Indies.Patients384 mother–child pairs were enrolled during a period of active ZIKV transmission (April 2016–March 2017) and prospectively followed up to 30 months. Child exposure status was based on laboratory assessment of prenatal and postnatal maternal serum.Main outcome measuresThe INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) package and Cardiff Vision Tests, administered and scored by research staff masked to child’s exposure status.ResultsA total of 131 normocephalic ZIKV exposed (n=68) and unexposed (n=63) children were assessed between 22 and 30 months of age. Approximately half of these children completed vision testing. There were no group differences in sociodemographics. Deficits in visual acuity (31%) and contrast sensitivity (23%) were apparent in the ZIKV-exposed infants in the absence of cognitive, motor, language or behavioural delays.ConclusionsOverall neurodevelopment is likely to be unaffected in ZIKV-exposed children with normal head circumference at birth and normal head growth in the first 2 years of life. However, the visual system may be selectively vulnerable, which indicates the need for vision testing by 3 years of age.

FAKTOR DETERMINAN PENYALURAN KREDIT BANK PERSERO

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Wigiyanti Masodah
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Models

Offering credit is the main activity of a Bank. There are some considerations when a bank offers credit, that includes Interest Rates, Inflation, and NPL. This study aims to find out the impact of Variable Interest Rates, Inflation variables and NPL variables on credit disbursed. The object in this study is state-owned banks. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that Interest Rates and NPL gave some negative impacts on the given credit. Meanwhile, Inflation variable does not have a significant effect on credit given. Keywords: Interest Rate, Inflation, NPL, offered Credit.

Linear Regression Models for Interval-Valued Data using Log-transformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nykolas Mayko Maia Barbosa ◽  
João Paulo Pordeus Gomes ◽  
César Lincoln Cavalcante Mattos ◽  
Diêgo Farias Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Log Transformation ◽  
Interval Valued

THE PREDICTIVE CONTENT OF DISAGGREGATED NORMAL INCOME: An Empirical Study in the JSX

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Sugiri
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Predictive Content ◽  
Multiple Step

The main objective of this study is to examine a hypothesis that the predictive content of normal income disaggregated into operating income and nonoperating income outperforms that of aggregated normal income in predicting future cash flow. To test the hypothesis, linear regression models are developed. The model parameters are estimated based on fifty-five manufacturing firms listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) up to the end of 1997.This study finds that empirical evidence supports the hypothesis. This evidence supports arguments that, in reporting income from continuing operations, multiple-step approach is preferred to single-step one.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document