scholarly journals Cannabis and Inflammation in HIV: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Ellis ◽  
Natalie Wilson ◽  
Scott Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Persistent inflammation occurs in people with HIV (PWH) and has many downstream adverse effects including myocardial infarction, neurocognitive impairment and death. Because the proportion of people with HIV who use cannabis is high and cannabis may be anti-inflammatory, it is important to characterize the impact of cannabis use on inflammation specifically in PWH. We performed a selective, non-exhaustive review of the literature on the effects of cannabis on inflammation in PWH. Research in this area suggests that cannabinoids are anti-inflammatory in the setting of HIV. Anti-inflammatory actions are mediated in many cases through effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the gut, and through stabilization of gut–blood barrier integrity. Cannabidiol may be particularly important as an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. Cannabis may provide a beneficial intervention to reduce morbidity related to inflammation in PWH.

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Potential Mechanism from an Anti-Inflammatory Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wen-Yan Yu ◽  
Liang-Xiao Ma ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
Jie-Dan Mu ◽  
Tian-Yi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Proinflammatory Factors

The low adverse effects of acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea (PD), known as one of the most commonly reported gynecological debilitating conditions affecting women’s overall health, have been thus far confirmed. Moreover, it has been increasingly recognized that inflammation is involved in such menstrual cramps, and recent studies have further shown that the anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture are helpful in its control. This review portrays the role of inflammation in PD pathophysiology, provides evidence from clinical and animal studies on acupuncture for inflammation-induced visceral pain, and reflects on acupuncture-related therapies for dysmenorrhea with regard to their anti-inflammatory characteristics. Further research accordingly needs to be carried out to clarify the effects of acupuncture on proinflammatory factors in PD, particularly chemokines and leukocytes. Future studies on this condition from an anti-inflammatory perspective should be also performed in line with the notion of emphasizing stimulation modes to optimize the clinical modalities of acupuncture. Additionally, the effects and mechanism of more convenient self-healing approaches such as TENS/TEAS for PD should be investigated.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in hospitalized patients and perception of their risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
Milan Kriška ◽  
Viera Kristová ◽  
Miriam Petrová
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to the most widely prescribed and used pharmacological agents worldwide. Data gathered in the last decade show increased incidence of thrombotic events during NSAID administration. Analysis of NSAID usage and assessment of risk for development of cardiovascular adverse effects is needed for improving patient safety. For limiting the impact of adverse effects on the health of patients, NSAID users should be informed about the possible adverse effects and their symptoms to ensure early detection and treatment discontinuation. In the presented study, we retrospectively analyzed the administration of NSAIDs in a group of patients (n=428) in need of analgesic treatment hospitalized at a department of internal medicine. Factors increasing the risk for cardiovascular adverse effects were also investigated. A separate questionnaire study was conducted to gather information concerning the knowledge of hospitalized NSAID users (n=251) about adverse effects of the medication used. For purpose of comparison, we conducted a similar study in a group of 234 random respondents from a shopping center. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Student´s t-test and chi-squared test. Our results suggest that the majority of patients treated with NSAIDs have factors indicating increased risk of development of adverse effects, most commonly arterial hypertension (58.2% of patients). The results of our questionnaire study show limited knowledge of NSAID users about the risk of the therapy. Nearly half of the respondents were unaware of any adverse effects. We consider as alarming that only a limited number of respondents were informed by their physician or pharmacist about the possible risks of treatment. In conclusion, we found that hospitalized NSAID users often have a history of diseases predisposing to the development of cardiovascular adverse effects of NSAIDs. Despite this, their knowledge about the risk of treatment is insufficient.

scholarly journals Tobacco and bone fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hernigou ◽  
F. Schuind
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The aim of this study was to review the impact of smoking tobacco on the musculoskeletal system, and on bone fractures in particular. Methods English-language publications of human and animal studies categorizing subjects into smokers and nonsmokers were sourced from MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. This review specifically focused on the risk, surgical treatment, and prevention of fracture complications in smokers. Results Smokers have an increased risk of fracture and experience more complications with delayed bone healing, even if they have already stopped smoking, because some adverse effects persist for a prolonged period. Some risks can be reduced during and after surgery by local and general prevention, and smoking cessation is an important factor in lessening this risk. However, if a patient wants to stop smoking at the time of a fracture, the cessation strategies in reducing tobacco use are not easy to implement. The patient should also be warned that using e-cigarettes or other tobaccos does not appear to reduce adverse effects on health. Conclusion The evidence reviewed in this study shows that smoking has a negative effect in terms of the risk and treatment of fractures. Cite this article: J. Hernigou, F. Schuind. Tobacco and bone fractures: A review of the facts and issues that every orthopaedic surgeon should know. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:255–265. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0344.R1.

scholarly journals Prognostic impact of elevated baseline CRP levels in primary PCI-treated patients with residual cholesterol risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Zobenica ◽  
D Milasinovic ◽  
D Jelic ◽  
Z Mehmedbegovic ◽  
S Zaharijev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Primary Pci ◽  
Killip Class ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Recent large randomized studies have indicated the potential of anti-inflammatory therapies to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction, with the most pronounced benefit in patients with baseline elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Purpose Our aim was to assess the association of CRP levels with 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI and with residual cholesterol risk. Methods The study included 1531 patients admitted for primary PCI, with the residual cholesterol risk, i.e. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of >1.80 mmol/l (70 mg/dl), from a prospectively kept electronic registry of a high-volume tertiary center, for whom in-hospital CRP measurements were available. Elevated CRP was defined as ≥5 mg/l (local laboratory cut off value), measured during index hospitalization. Cox regression models were constructed to assess the impact of elevated CRP on 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results 72% of the included patients with LDL-C >1.80 mmol/l had elevated in-hospital CRP (n=1107). Compared with patients with CRP levels within reference limit, elevated CRP was associated with older age (62 vs. 60, p<0.001), higher rates of diabetes (25.8% vs. 18.5%, p=0.002), renal failure (6.4% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001) and Killip class >1 at presentation (22.5% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001), as well as lower EF (44% vs. 48%, p<0.001) and lower haemoglobin on admission (13.9 g/dl vs. 14.2 g/dl, p<0.001). Crude mortality rates were increased in patients with CRP ≥5mg/l at both 30 days (6.0% vs. 2.4%, p=0.003) and 1 year (13.2% vs. 6.3%, p<0.001) (Figure). After adjusting for the observed baseline differences, CRP ≥5mg/l remained an independent predictor of mortality at 1 year (HR 1.691, 95% CI: 1.050–2.724, p=0.03), but not at 30 days (HR 1.690, 95% CI: 0.859–3.324, p=0.13). Conclusion In primary PCI-treated patients with residual cholesterol risk, elevated in-hospital CRP was independently associated with 1-year mortality. Our findings may thus suggest a potential window of opportunity, for anti-inflammatory therapies to improve outcomes beyond the acute phase. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Inhalation beta-2-agonists in cardiorespiratory pathology: pro-or anti-inflammatory effects?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Nistor ◽  
E. V. Smolyakova ◽  
A. A. Klimova ◽  
A. V. Rvacheva ◽  
K. A. Zykov
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bronchodilator Therapy ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, the increase in comorbid pathology, including patients with bronchoobstructive and cardiovascular diseases remains an urgent problem. Therefore, there is a need not only for new approaches in the tactics of management and treatment of patients with combined cardiorespiratory pathology, but also a more complete understanding of the impact of existing bronchodilator therapy on comorbid pathology and the pathophysiological changes taking place in order to create a new approach to the diagnosis and selection of effective and optimal treatment. The article provides a review of the literature on the impact of beta-2-agonists on pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in patients with bronchial obstruction, including cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Cognition in Older Cannabis Users: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Blanca E. Vacaflor ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
G. Eric Jarvis ◽  
Alessandra Schiavetto ◽  
Soham Rej
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Background The impact of cannabis use on mental health and cognition in older adults remains unclear. With the recent legalization of cannabis in Canada, physicians will need up-to-date infor­mation about the mental and cognitive effects of cannabis use in this specific population. Method A narrative review was conducted to summarize the literature on mental health and cognitive effects of cannabis use in older adults using Medline (OvidSP). Results A total of 16 studies were identified, including nine cross-sectional studies on mental health comorbidities reported by older cannabis users. The self-reported prevalence of mental and substance use disorders is approximately two to three times higher in older adults who report past-year cannabis use, compared to older adults who report using more than one year ago or never using. The remaining seven clinical trials found that short-term, low-dose medical cannabis was generally well-tolerated in older adults without prior serious mental illness. However, mental/cognitive adverse effects were not systematically assessed. Conclusion Although preliminary findings suggests that low-dose, short-term medical cannabis does not carry significant risk of serious mental health and cognitive adverse effects in older adults without prior psychiatric history, epidemiological studies find a correlation between past-year cannabis use and poor mental health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. These findings may indicate that longer term cannabis use in this population is detrimental to their mental health, al­though a direct causal link has not been established. Larger, longitudinal studies on the safety of medical cannabis in older adults are needed.

Abstract 444: Association Between Cannabis Use and Acute Myocardial Infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Alliu ◽  
Olaoluwatomi Lamikanra ◽  
Adeyinka Adejumo ◽  
Oluwole Adegbala ◽  
Akintunde Akinjero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cognitive Effect ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD)-a component of cannabis with no psychoactive or cognitive effect has been proven in animal models to have a vasodilatory, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on the blood vessels. However, it is unclear if cannabis users - while being exposed to its CBD constituents - benefit from its vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effect in the prevention of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: To investigate if there is a difference in the odds of MI among cannabis users when compared to nonusers. Methods: We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample on patients ages 45 years and older admitted between 2012 - 2014. The main study outcome was clinical diagnosis of MI, and the main exposure variable was cannabis use identified using ICD-9 codes. Cannabis use was categorized into non-use, non-dependent, and dependent use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of MI and In-hospital mortality in relation to cannabis use adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and use of other recreational drugs. Results: Of the 7, 995,162 hospitalized patients who were > 45 years, 532,112 (6.7%) had a diagnosis of MI, 56,836 (0.7%) were non-dependent cannabis user and 5,417 (0.1%) were dependent cannabis users. We observed a significant inverse association between cannabis use and MI (non-dependent OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90; dependent OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.21-0.31). After adjusting for confounding variables, the association was attenuated for non-dependent cannabis users (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.06]). However, among dependent cannabis users, there was 66% decreased odds of MI when compared to nonusers. Also, cannabis use was associated with 32% decreased odds of in-hospital mortality among patients with MI when compared to nonuse. Conclusions: Using the largest national data, our study showed cannabis use was not a risk factor for MI and alternatively may point to a protective benefit in the diagnosis of MI and in-hospital mortality. Future prospective studies may aid in further exploring this association to maximize the therapeutic advantage of the cannabinoid system in MI prevention.

scholarly journals Statins in Asthma: Potential Beneficial Effects and Limitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Bharti Chogtu ◽  
Rahul Magazine
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Asthma’s sustenance as a global pandemic, across centuries, can be attributed to the lack of an understanding of its workings and the inability of the existing treatment modalities to provide a long lasting cure without major adverse effects. The discovery of statins boosted by a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of asthma in the past few decades has opened up a potentially alternative line of treatment that promises to be a big boon for the asthmatics globally. However, the initial excellent results from the preclinical and animal studies have not borne the results in clinical trials that the scientific world was hoping for. In light of this, this review analyzes the ways by which statins could benefit in asthma via their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties and explain some of the queries raised in the previous studies and provide recommendations for future studies in this field.

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