scholarly journals Viruses Infecting the European Catfish (Silurus glanis)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Mona Saleh ◽  
Boglárka Sellyei ◽  
Gyula Kovács ◽  
Csaba Székely
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
Fish Viruses ◽  
Farming Industry

In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.

Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection as a threat to wild and farmed fish in the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
New Host Species

The transport of live fishes related to the growth of the fish farming industry worldwide may increase the transfer of previously known bacterial pathogens into new geographic areas and new host species, but also facilitate the introduction of completely new bacterial pathogens. Species belonging to the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas are well known in many countries, infecting a large number of fish species. Other bacterial fish pathogens like Pseudomonas anguilliseptica species, up to now considered less harmful, may constitute a potential threat to a developing fish farming industry, especially of European whitefish.

Role of melatonin in regulating neurogenesis: Implications for the neurodegenerative pathology and analogous therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Shukla ◽  
Areechun Sotthibundhu ◽  
Piyarat Govitrapong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation

The revelation of adult brain exhibiting neurogenesis has established that the brain possesses great plasticity and that neurons could be spawned in the neurogenic zones where hippocampal adult neurogenesis attributes to learning and memory processes. With strong implications in brain functional homeostasis, aging and cognition, various aspects of adult neurogenesis reveal exuberant mechanistic associations thereby further aiding in facilitating the therapeutic approaches regarding the development of neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Impaired neurogenesis has been significantly evident in AD with compromised hippocampal function and cognitive deficits. Melatonin the pineal indolamine augments neurogenesis and has been linked to AD development as its levels are compromised with disease progression. Here, in this review, we discuss and appraise the mechanisms via which melatonin regulates neurogenesis in pathophysiological conditions which would unravel the molecular basis in such conditions and its role in endogenous brain repair. Also, its components as key regulators of neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult brain would aid in accentuating the therapeutic implications of this indoleamine in line of prevention and treatment of AD.   

Particularities of tinnitus in children and adolescents

ORL ro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Alexandra Boloș ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom and probably the most troublesome. Tinnitus causes a number of physical and psychological consequences, that interfere with the quality of life of the patient. Many authors believe that the presence of tinnitus in children is a matter of lesser importance than in adults because it is met less frequently and would be a fleeting symptom, inoffensive for them (Graham, 1981). In addition, the prevalence of tinnitus during adolescence and even in young adults is increasing, possibly as a consequence of the increased ambient noise (Bulbul SF, Shargorodsky J). Various therapeutic approaches have generated different results, which led us to consider the role of psychological factors, hence the need to underline the particularities of this symptom in childhood.  

The Salmon Sea Fish Farming Industry in Iceland: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnar Bjarnason ◽  
Soffia Karen Magnúsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Sea Fish

Redox State in Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Relevant Therapeutic Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios S. Antonopoulos ◽  
Athina Goliopoulou ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Sotiris Tsalamandris ◽  
Georgios-Angelos Papamikroulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Background: Myocardial redox state is a critical determinant of atrial biology, regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ion channel function, and cardiac hypertrophy/fibrosis and function. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the targeting of atrial redox state is a rational therapeutic strategy for atrial fibrillation prevention. Objective: To review the role of atrial redox state and anti-oxidant therapies in atrial fibrillation. Method: Published literature in Medline was searched for experimental and clinical evidence linking myocardial redox state with atrial fibrillation pathogenesis as well as studies looking into the role of redoxtargeting therapies in the prevention of atrial fibrillation. Results: Data from animal models have shown that altered myocardial nitroso-redox balance and NADPH oxidases activity are causally involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Similarly experimental animal data supports that increased reactive oxygen / nitrogen species formation in the atrial tissue is associated with altered electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes and electrical remodeling, favoring atrial fibrillation development. In humans, randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapeutic approaches (e.g. statins or antioxidant agents) have not documented any benefits in the prevention of atrial fibrillation development (mainly post-operative atrial fibrillation risk). Conclusion: Despite strong experimental and translational data supporting the role of atrial redox state in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis, such mechanistic evidence has not been translated to clinical benefits in atrial fibrillation risk in randomized clinical studies using redox-related therapies.

Management of Pleural Effusions in the Emergency Department.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Congedo ◽  
GM Ferretti ◽  
D Nachira ◽  
MA Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Acute Chest Pain ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Massive Pleural Effusion ◽  
Emergency Department Setting ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Definitive Management

Background: In symptomatic patients, admitted in emergency department for acute chest pain and dyspnea, who require an urgent treatment, a rapid diagnosis and prompt management of massive pleural effusion or hemothorax can be lifesaving. The aim of this review was to summarize the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the management of the main types of pleural effusions that physicians can have in an emergency department setting. Methods: Current literature about the topic was reviewed and critically reported, adding the experience of the authors in the management of pleural effusions in emergency settings. Results: The paper analyzed the main types of pleural effusions that physicians can have to treat. It illustrated the diagnostic steps by the principal radiological instruments, with a particular emphasis to the role of ultrasonography, in facilitating diagnosis and guiding invasive procedures. Then, the principal procedures, like thoracentesis and insertion of small and large bore chest drains, are indicated and illustrated according to the characteristics and the amount of the effusion and patient clinical conditions. Conclusion: The emergency physician must have a systematic approach that allows rapid recognition, clinical cause identification and definitive management of potential urgent pleural effusions.

scholarly journals Neuronal guidance proteins in cardiovascular inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Keller ◽  
Valbona Mirakaj ◽  
Michael Koeppen ◽  
Peter Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Neuronal Guidance

AbstractCardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.

Out of tune: Perceptions of, engagement with, and responses to mental health interventions by professional popular musicians—A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110194
Author(s):  
Amy Visser ◽  
Megan Lee ◽  
Timothy Barringham ◽  
Nasim Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Industry Peers

Professional popular musicians are at increased risk of psychological distress, substance use problems, and suicide, yet little evidence is available on effective psychotherapeutic practices to address these issues. This scoping review aims to understand how professional popular musicians perceive, engage with, and respond to mental health interventions. Four databases were searched, garnering a total of 310 articles. Of these, six met inclusion criteria. Four thematic categories were explored: (1) amenability of professional popular musicians to particular therapeutic approaches; (2) attribution of treatment outcomes to tailored approaches; (3) professional popular musicians’ perceived barriers to treatment; and (4) recommendations for treatment approaches. The scoping review supports the importance of considering the characteristics of professional popular musicians as a distinct group with unique well-being needs, challenges, and strengths. There is a clear preference for tailored, affordable, and accessible approaches that consider the uniquities of musicianship and the need to explore the role of nonclinical support, such as friends, family, and industry peers.

scholarly journals Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qun Hu ◽  
Lubo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism’s homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.

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