scholarly journals Effect of High-Speed Railways on City Industrial Sewage Discharge

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2893
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Guangming Zhu ◽  
Yuandi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Industrial Sewage

Industrial wastewaters threatening the sustainability of society have increasingly become a key social issue across the globe. Consequently, countermeasures have been suggested across a broad range of research fields and policy cycles in both industrialized and industrializing countries. Thus, identifying factors that drive reductions in industrial wastewater discharge is a key task in the water research and policymaking fields. In contrast to previous studies that have focused on reducing industrial wastewater discharge through techniques, policy, management, and other tools, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transport infrastructure development, particularly high-speed railways (HSR), on industrial sewage discharge. Given the rapid development of high-speed railways in China and the country’s severe water pollution, China was our research context, and our sample was 298 prefecture-level Chinese cities during the period 1999–2018. The empirical results show that cities with high-speed railways have greater reductions in industrial wastewaters, and that these effects are weakened in cities with a more developed economy and information environment. The results are consistent when using different methods to test their robustness, such as time-varying difference-in-difference (DID), instrumental variables, and placebo tests. These findings offer useful guidance for practitioners and policymakers in the management of water resources and the development of transport infrastructure in cities. These results contribute to the literature in the field of water management and to the assessment of the broader effect of high-speed railways.

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

scholarly journals Directions and Prospects of Integrated Innovative Development of the Transport Infrastructure of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Irina Misanova ◽  
Maksim Filippov ◽  
Dmitry Tarasov ◽  
Veronika Viushkova ◽  
Elizaveta Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transport Complex

As an economic development determinant, transport needs to be improved on an ongoing basis. This is due to complex dynamic processes taking place both within the state and internationally. Social and economic transformations and scientific progress of the 21st century in the national economic sectors challenge the national policy of any state. The readiness for macroeconomic turbulence and the level of adaptability depend, to a decisive extent, on the economic potential of the state, where transport is the connecting link between the production, research and technical, agricultural and social components. As a backbone industry, the transport complex is based on infrastructure. The development of transport infrastructure is fundamental and is considered a priority not only at the national level, but also within the framework of globalization processes. Thus, the importance of resolving the issues of transport infrastructure development is due to the rapid development of the national economy as a whole. In this regard, the article emphasizes the importance of the integrated innovative development of Russia’s transport complex infrastructure and reveals promising directions for its development in conditions of market constraints.

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Japanese Rivers ◽  
Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Bao ◽  
Linkai Wu ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Chengyi Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

Dynamic Performance of High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit within Multi-Body System Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Junguo Wang ◽  
Daoping Gong ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Yongxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Body System ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Multi Body

Background: With the rapid development of the high-speed railway, the dynamic performance such as running stability and safety of the high-speed train is increasingly important. This paper focuses on the dynamic performance of high-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), especially the dynamic characteristics of the bogie frame and car body. Various patents have been discussed in this article. Objective: To develop the Multi-Body System (MBS) model of EMU, verify whether the dynamic performance meets the actual operation requirements, and provide some useful information for dynamics and structural design of the proposed EMU. Methods: According to the technical characteristics of a typical EMU, a MBS model is established via SIMPACK, and the measured data of China high-speed railway is taken as the excitation of track random irregularity. To test the dynamic performance of the EMU, including the stability and safety, some evaluation indexes such as wheel-axle lateral forces, wheel-axle lateral vertical forces, derailment coefficients and wheel unloading rates are also calculated and analyzed in detail. Results: The MBS model of EMU has better dynamic performance especially curving performance, and some evaluation indexes of the stability and safety have also reached China’s high-speed railway standards. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the proposed MBS model is verified, and the dynamic performance of the MBS model can meet the design requirements of high-speed EMU.

scholarly journals Enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties in thermally stable fine-grained copper wire

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhong Mao ◽  
Yusheng Zhang ◽  
Yazhou Guo ◽  
Yonghao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Ultrafine Grains ◽  
The Wire

AbstractThe rapid development of high-speed rail requires copper contact wire that simultaneously possesses excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Unfortunately, these are generally mutually exclusive properties. Here, we demonstrate directional optimization of microstructure and overcome the strength-conductivity tradeoff in copper wire. We use rotary swaging to prepare copper wire with a fiber texture and long ultrafine grains aligned along the wire axis. The wire exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 97% of the international annealed copper standard (IACS), a yield strength of over 450 MPa, high impact and wear resistances, and thermal stability of up to 573 K for 1 h. Subsequent annealing enhances the conductivity to 103 % of IACS while maintaining a yield strength above 380 MPa. The long grains provide a channel for free electrons, while the low-angle grain boundaries between ultrafine grains block dislocation slip and crack propagation, and lower the ability for boundary migration.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Public–Private Partnerships as a Vehicle for the Provision of Regional Transport Infrastructure Development in Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabisi Delebayo Akinkugbe
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Regional Transport ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractWith regional economic integration (REI) as a major strategy for development, the African continent hosts a plethora of regional economic communities of varying ambition longevity and success. While in the 1970s, political-economic ideas built mainly on the “developmental state” informed the design of most of these agreements, the change in economic thought in the 1980s which ushered in the “neoliberal turn” has since influenced the design of most REI schemes in Africa, including the New Partnership for African Development. However, among other factors, inadequate transport infrastructure linking regions poses a major impediment to regional trade and development in Africa. The more so as most African governments are not able to meet up with the financial burden, pace and managerial capability for the efficient provision and management of regional transport infrastructure. The article explores the dilemma associated with the adoption of Public–Private Partnerships (“PPP”) as a mechanism for the provision of regional transport infrastructure in Africa. While sourcing infrastructure provision through the PPP mechanism has significant advantages, it is however also embedded with a complex financial, contractual and legal process. First, it explores the theoretical assumptions which inform PPP based on ideologies within law and development debates. It argues that theoretically, PPPs are reflective of the neoliberal policy set. Against the trajectory of governance in Africa, it critically foregrounds insights that are derivable from an application of Path Dependency theory to the institutional change which comes with the planned adoption of PPP at the regional level. These insights are essential considerations for policy experts to bear in mind both while designing the regional institutional framework for PPP and during the implementation stage. Secondly, although most of the past initiatives for the provision of regional infrastructure have fallen short of their flamboyant development policy goals, the article argues that the recently initiated Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (“PIDA”) provides a new hope for the future of infrastructure development in the continent. The article contends that PIDA offers a legitimate platform which with the requisite support of the regional economic initiatives can generate the enabling environment for the implementation of successful regional PPP infrastructure projects.

scholarly journals Industrial Wastewater Discharge Retrieval Based on Stable Nighttime Light Imagery in China from 1992 to 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 7566-7579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofu Li ◽  
Hongyu Liu ◽  
Chuan Luo ◽  
Panpan Li ◽  
Hengpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Nighttime Light Imagery

The Design and Implementation of ECC High-Speed Encryption Engine Based on FPGA

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Jian Bo Xu ◽  
Wei Hong Huang ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Multiplication Algorithm ◽  
Secure Data Transmission ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Computation Speed

Network security technology ensures secure data transmission in network. Meanwhile, it brings extra overhead of security system in terms of cost and performance, which seriously affects the rapid development of existing high-speed encryption systems. The existing encryption technology cannot meet the demand of high security, low cost and high real-time. For solving above problems, an ECC encryption engine architecture based on scalable public key cipher and a high-speed configurable multiplication algorithm are designed. The algorithm was tested on FPGA platform and the experiment results show that the system has better computation speed and lower cost overhead. By comparing with other systems, our system has benefits in terms of hardware overhead and encryption time ratio

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