scholarly journals Aspergillus niger Culture Filtrate (ACF) Mediated Biocontrol of Enteric Pathogens in Wastewater

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Suja Subhash ◽  
Pradeesh Babu ◽  
Amrutha Vijayakumar ◽  
Reshma Alookaran Suresh ◽  
Ajith Madhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Viability Assay

Robust control of pathogens in sewage facilitates safe reuse of wastewater rich in valuable nutrients for potential valorization through biological means. Aspergillus niger is widely reported in bioremediation of wastewater but studies on control of enteric pathogens in sewage are very sparse. So, this study aimed at exploring the antibacterial and nematicidal activity of A. niger culture filtrate (ACF). Antibacterial activity of ACF on enteric pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella variicola) was determined by spectrophotometric growth analysis, resazurin based viability assay and biofilm formation assay. ACF showed inhibition against all enteric pathogens except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nematicidal studies on Caenorhabditis elegans showed 85% egg hatch inhibition and 52% mortality of L1 larvae. Sewage treatment with ACF at 1:1 (v/v) showed 2–3 log reduction in coliforms, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, S. aureus and Vibrio except Pseudomonas, indicating significant alteration of complex microbial dynamics in wastewater. Application of ACF can potentially be used as a robust biocontrol strategy against infectious microbes in wastewater and subsequent valorization by cultivating beneficial Pseudomonas.

BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD OF ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED WAX MOTH LARVAE

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
June M. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Immune State ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wax Moth

The blood of normal wax moth larvae is not bactericidal for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The blood becomes moderately bactericidal when larvae are actively immunized against P. aeruginosa. This activity was measured by a modification of Nagington's technique for the estimation of typhoid antibody. Bactericidal activity appears to be the only measurable type of antibody response against P. aeruginosa. Cell-free blood was as active as whole blood; 0.02 ml of immune serum kills about 1000 organisms. The blood of normal wax moth larvae is bactericidal for Shigella dysenteriae but the blood of insects immunized against either this organism or P. aeruginosa shows no increase in activity against S. dysenteriae. A number of non-specific agents, both protein and non-protein, did not stimulate bactericidal activity in serum after their injection into normal larvae. Immune sera prepared against some strains of P. aeruginosa were not active against other strains. Storage at 37 °C or absorption with zymosan both result in blackening of immune blood and loss of bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity is evident only during the immune state of the insect, i.e. from about 18 hours until the third day after vaccination; it develops at the same time that inhibition of melanization was observed in the blood from vaccinated larvae.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA PLANT EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Danish ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Strains

Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant used in many therapeutic purposes. Naturally it is composed of many useful compounds that have ability to use for treatment of many diseases. The active compounds reported in this plant are saponins, sugar, enzymes, vitamins, aloesin, aloeemodin, aloin, acemannan aloemannan, aloeride, methylchromones, flavonoids, naftoquinones, sterols, minerals, anthraquinones, amino acids, lignin and salicylic acid and other different compounds including fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, enzymes, minerals, simple/complex sugars, organic acid and phenolic compounds. In this study aloe vera is used for antibacterial and antifulgal activity against different strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungal strains. Ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves and roots is applied on these bacterial and fungal strains in different concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30µl). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtitis, Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and some other bacterial strains are used for this study. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefacins shows zone of inhibition around 18mm which consider as good result. Bacillus subtitis and Bacillus megaterium also shows good result around 16mm. Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows minimum zone of inhibition which is around 11mm. among all used fungal strains (fuserium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger) fuserium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger shows excellent results around 19mm both against root extract and leaves extract.

Behaviour of pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis in small domestic sewage treatment apparatus (“Johkasou”)

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaneko ◽  
T. Nambu ◽  
M. Tokoro
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Pass Through

“Johkasou” is a small sewage treatment apparatus commonly used in Japan which can effectively treat domestic wastewater in places where a public sewage system is difficult to supply. The behaviour of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli 0157 and Salmonella enteritidis in a “Johkasou” was studied. Their reduction rates depended significantly on the water temperature in the “Johkasou” with minimal decrease in numbers at 10°C within 48 h. The reduction rates increased at 20°C and 30°C where 4 log reduction could be expected. The reduction rates were influenced by the BOD of the solutions that contained the pathogens with the lower the BOD the higher the reduction rate. The reduction rates were about the same between both pathogens. The result showed that it was necessary to disinfect the effluent as some pathogens can pass through the apparatus when some users of the apparatus excrete pathogens.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity in Water and Biofilm Samples from Well Sources in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Toyin Olayemi AGBABIAKA ◽  
Blessing Olubunmi OLOFINTOYE
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacillus Pasteurii ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Temperature Conductivity

The aim of the study was to investigate the microbial populations of water and biofilm samples from seven hand dug wells in Ilorin, Nigeria, which are for private and public use. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand were determined. Biofilm growths were induced from water samples obtained from selected wells. Twenty bacteria isolated were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as molecular methods and includes Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus sphaericus, Salmonella enteritidis, Proteus mirabilis strain IK-MB4-518F, Bacillus licheniformis strain RH104, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia sp., Proteus vulgaris, Yersina sp., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain GS1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 218B, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Vibrio sp., Escherichia coli and Bacillus pasteurii. Total bacterial count ranged from 1.8×104-1.53×106 cfu/ml. Water samples from these wells are therefore not potable and some of the isolates are potential health hazards to human population.

EFFECT OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON VIABILITY AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN WOUND PATHOGENS

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
SANJAI SAXENA ◽  
CHARU GOMBER ◽  
K. K. RAINA
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Recently, a wide variety of bionanocomposites and biocomposites are being developed to be used as extracellular matrix for chronic wound healing. Majority of the chronic wound situations arise due to infections caused by drug-resistant microbes like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In particular S. aureus has become refractory to the current armamentarium of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, it is imperative while designing nanobiocomposites for use as extracellular matrices to profile their antimicrobial activity. MWNT (multi-wall carbon nanotube) has been exploited previously in designing biocompatible nanocomposite for medical applications. Keeping in view, we studied the antimicrobial effect of MWNT on human clinical burn/wound pathogens, which were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and one Vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus isolate. We also studied E. coli NCTC 10418 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, two surrogate gram negative microbes to understand their behavior in the presence of MWNT. Apart from reduction in viable counts of the test panel, organism's extracellular expression of the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also taken into account as this is the probable mechanism adopted by bacteria in general to survive and sustain under nutritional and other stress situation including pathogenesis. The present study indicated that all Staphylococcal isolates were susceptible to MWNT which reduced the bacterial count between 3–9 logs barring Sau G19 which only exhibited 1 log reduction. Sau G17, Sau G18, and Sau G19 expressed a higher SOD activity, Sau G9 exhibited a lower SOD expression and in Sau G16, the SOD expression was nearly the same as compared to control. Thus, from this study, it could be inferred that MWNT, apart from being antimicrobial, induces oxidative stress on S. aureus.

scholarly journals d-Amino Acids Enhance the Activity of Antimicrobials against Biofilms of Clinical Wound Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4353-4361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Sanchez ◽  
Kevin S. Akers ◽  
Desiree R. Romano ◽  
Ronald L. Woodbury ◽  
Sharanda K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

ABSTRACTWithin wounds, microorganisms predominantly exist as biofilms. Biofilms are associated with chronic infections and represent a tremendous clinical challenge. As antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilms, use of dispersal agents as adjunctive, topical therapies for the treatment of wound infections involving biofilms has gained interest. We evaluatedin vitrothe dispersive activity ofd-amino acids (d-AAs) on biofilms from clinical wound isolates ofStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa; moreover, we determined whether combinations ofd-AAs and antibiotics (clindamycin, cefazolin, oxacillin, rifampin, and vancomycin forS. aureusand amikacin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and ceftazidime forP. aeruginosa) enhance activity against biofilms.d-Met,d-Phe, andd-Trp at concentrations of ≥5 mM effectively dispersed preformed biofilms ofS. aureusandP. aeruginosaclinical isolates, an effect that was enhanced when they were combined as an equimolar mixture (d-Met/d-Phe/d-Trp). When combined withd-AAs, the activity of rifampin was significantly enhanced against biofilms of clinical isolates ofS. aureus, as indicated by a reduction in the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) (from 32 to 8 μg/ml) and a >2-log reduction of viable biofilm bacteria compared to treatment with antibiotic alone. The addition ofd-AAs was also observed to enhance the activity of colistin and ciprofloxacin against biofilms ofP. aeruginosa, reducing the observed MBIC and the number of viable bacteria by >2 logs and 1 log at 64 and 32 μg/ml in contrast to antibiotics alone. These findings indicate that the biofilm dispersal activity ofd-AAs may represent an effective strategy, in combination with antimicrobials, to release bacteria from biofilms, subsequently enhancing antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Environmental Surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. G. Palmer ◽  
A. K. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Ondo State

Nosocomial infection is a rising problem in developing countries. Microorganisms Isolated from three private and public hospital environmental surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. Bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and compared among the three hospitals. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environmental surfaces than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria but Aspergillus funmigatus was the predominant fungi. The result showed that the microbial loads of the public hospitals were higher than that of the private hospitals. The bacteria load of the male ward was found to be higher than that of the female ward while the fungal loads of each of the hospital environmental surfaces of female were higher than that of the male. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environment than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.  Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria. All the hospital environmental surfaces were contaminated with one or more microorganisms in the course of the research.

scholarly journals Actividad antibacteriana y fungicida de las antraquinonas de Aloe vera L. combinadas con cationes Cobre, Hierro, Plata y Bismuto

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Félix E. Saavedra ◽  
Benedicta C. López ◽  
Victoria J. Yrei ◽  
Gallardo C. Gallardo ◽  
Gloria C. Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aloe Vera

El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y fungicida de los macerados acuosos y alcohólicos de las hojas de Aloe vera L., que contenían derivados antraquinónicos. Con dichos macerados se prepararon soluciones de CuSO4.5H2O 1,5%, FeCl3 1%, AgNO3 1%, y Bi(NO3)3 1,5%, que se guardaron en frascos de vidrio color ámbar, herméticamente cerrados por 12 meses, bajo refrigeración; un grupo similar se conservó a 25°C. Se determinó la actividad de estos preparados, usando el método excavación placa de la USP XXX frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Aspergillus niger. Las soluciones acuosas de Aloe vera L. presentaron actividad antibacteriana en orden decreciente Cu > Ag > Fe, y las soluciones alcohólicas Ag > Cu > Fe. Solamente las soluciones acuosas de sulfato de cobre presentaron actividad fungicida. Los preparados conservados bajo refrigeración, presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana y fungicida que los preparados equivalentes conservados a 25°C.

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