Transaction Costs in Development and Creation of New Weapons and Military Equipment and the Problems of Their Diversification

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Glibenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Product Creation ◽  
The Moment

The article examines manufacturing process of a product from the life cycle point of view, identifies the key, according to the author, problematics of each life cycle stage. An alternative view of the product creation process from the stage of conception to the moment of its utilization is formulated.

Identification of asset life cycle stage: case study in heavy-duty truck fleet

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Daniel Rivera Baena ◽  
Maria Valentina Clavijo Mesa ◽  
Carmen Elena Patino Rodriguez ◽  
Fernando Jesus Guevara Carazas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heavy Duty Truck ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
The Moment

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the stage of the life cycle where the trucks of a waste collection fleet from a Colombian city are located through a reliability approach. The reliability analysis and the evaluation of curve of operational costs allow to know the moment in which it is necessary to make decisions regarding an asset, its maintenance or possible replacement.Design/methodology/approachFor a dataset presented as maintenance work orders, the time to failures (TTFs) for each vehicle in the fleet were calculated. Then, a probability density function for those TTFs was fitted to locate each vehicle in a region of the bathtub curve and to calculate the reliability of the whole fleet. A general functional analysis was also developed to understand the function of the vehicles.FindingsIt was possible to determine that the largest proportion of the fleet was in the final stage of the life cycle, in this sense, the entire fleet represent critical assets which in most of cases could be worth replacement or overhaul.Originality/valueIn this study, an address is exposed for the identification of critical equipment by reliability and statistical analysis. This analysis is also integrated with the maintenance management process. This is a broadly interested topic since it allows to support the maintenance and operational decision-making process, indicating the focus of resource allocation all over the entire asset life cycle.

scholarly journals About the life cycle of information systems based on open Web-technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kratov ◽  
O.D. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article describes the full life cycle of an information system based on open Webtechnologies from the point of view of developers and system administrators. The article starts with the development of technical specifications for an information system creation and ends with the system’s launching into operation and its subsequent uninterrupted operation. As the example, the creation process of the information system for the Foundation of Algorithms and Programs of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is described.

scholarly journals The Secret Life of Mundane Transaction Costs

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Langlois
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Asset Specificity ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Transaction costs, one often hears, are ‘the economic equivalent of friction in physical systems’. Like physicists, economists can sometimes neglect friction in formulating theories; but like engineers, they can never neglect friction in studying how the system actually does — let alone should — work. Interestingly, however, the present-day economics of organization also ignores friction. That is, almost single-mindedly, the literature analyzes transactions from the point of view of misaligned incentives and (especially) transaction-specific assets. The costs involved are certainly costs of running the economic system in some sense, but they are not obviously ‘frictions’. Stories about frictions in trade are not nearly as intriguing as stories about guileful trading partners and expensive assets placed at risk. But I will argue that these seemingly dull categories of cost — what Baldwin and Clark call mundane transaction costs — actually have a secret life. They are at least as important as, and quite probably far more important than, the more glamorous costs of asset specificity in explaining the partition between firm and market. These costs also have a secret life in another sense: they have a secret life cycle. I will argue that these mundane transaction costs provide much better material for helping us understand how the boundaries among firms, markets, and hybrid forms change over time.

scholarly journals Financial and economic characteristics of the organization's life cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Y. A. Salikov ◽  
N. N. Krivtsova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Key Aspects

One of the most acceptable scientific and methodological approaches to work in difficult economic conditions is regular and targeted management of the life cycle of a business organization as an open social and economic system. Any system develops and changes, passing through typical stages or cyclic states of its development. Studying the enterprise from the point of view of the life cycle allows to increase efficiency of financial and economic activity exactly at the specified stage and in due time to develop measures on prevention or weakening of negative and increase of positive results. The analysis of scientific researches has allowed to define the "life cycle of an enterprise" as a quantitatively limited set of stages or states within which the enterprise is during its existence and development. With regard to the functioning of a business organization, the following stages of its life cycle have traditionally been identified: creation, growth, maturity and crisis. Depending on the stage of the life cycle, a business organization should focus on various aspects of its financial and economic activities. Development of a business organization is to ensure the transition from the first and second stages to the third, and the longest possible retention (maturity stage) with timely identification of signs of the fourth stage (crisis) in order to prevent it by retaining the existing positions, returning to the second stage, diversification or transition to a new life cycle. Each stage of development has its key aspects on which management should focus to achieve and maintain positive financial and economic performance. Correspondence of life cycle stages and financial and economic priorities gives grounds for development of the system of financial and economic indicators and formation of limits of their permissible fluctuations within each stage. Based on the values of financial and economic indicators and their dynamics, it is possible, firstly, to contribute to more accurate diagnostics of the life cycle stage of a business organization; secondly, to improve the efficiency of a business organization at each stage by adjusting the values of indicators within the optimal ranges and applying adequate managerial impacts.

TOLERANCE DESIGN IN POWERTRAIN PRODUCT CREATION PROCESS

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
SHUXIN GU
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
System Level ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Product Creation

Tolerance design is one of the key activities in the product creation process. It not only directly effects product quality but also has significant impact on manufacturing process and product cost. The tolerance design should never be overlooked in the product creation process. Though the importance of the tolerance design is well understood in the engineering community, a well established process for the tolerance design in the product creation process is still lacking. The practice of the tolerance design in most automotive industries is not consistent, and it largely depends on individual experience. Best practice and valuable knowledge is not captured in a systematic manner, and most often the new design does not benefit from best-in-class design knowledge. Most engineers can only go back to the very previous design for reference due to the lack of knowledge base tools. Therefore, optimal tolerance design could be missed. In addition, most tolerance design at earlier product lifecycle only concentrates on product functionality itself. Some serious manufacturing issues could be overlooked at the beginning and are only uncovered until it is too late. In addition to the delay of the product launch, the cost of fixing these manufacturing problems is often very expensive. Moreover, lack of a tool or process to look at system level tolerance interactions causes designers to miss optimal tolerance for each individual part design. In this paper, a tolerance design process is proposed in order to optimize product tolerance for function, manufacturing cost, and quality. This process will capture the knowledge of product tolerance design and optimize this knowledge to re-apply to every new product design. Also, with the help of feature-based design and knowledge-based technology, manufacturing process, cost, product quality, etc. could be considered at the earliest stage of the design cycle. Therefore, the quality and cost of design will be better understood and controlled compared to an ad hoc tolerance design process.

scholarly journals LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN BRIDGE DESIGN: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-704
Author(s):  
Ignacio Javier Navarro ◽  
Vicent Penadés-Plà ◽  
David Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Rasmus Rempling ◽  
Víctor Yepes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Neutrosophic Logic

Sustainable design of infrastructures has become a major matter of study since the recent establishment of the Agenda 2030. This paper provides a systematic literature review on the use of multi-criteria decision making techniques used so far for the sustainable design of bridges. Special attention is put as well on how the reviewed studies assess the sustainable performance of bridge designs along their life cycle from the economic, the environmental and the social perspective. Although SAW and AHP are recurrently used in the sustainable assessment of bridges, the analysis of the most recent articles show that the application of TOPSIS and PROMETHEE techniques are gaining increasing relevance for such purpose. Most of the studies focus on the research of the construction and the maintenance stage of bridges. However, a need for further analysis is identified when it comes to the assessment of the impacts resulting from the End of Life cycle stage of bridges from a sustainable point of view. The use of intuitionistic and neutrosophic logic have been detected as emerging alternatives to the fuzzy approach of decision making problems.

scholarly journals Digital Asset in the System of Real Estate Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 04039
Author(s):  
Nikolai Bolshakov ◽  
Anastasiya Plyako ◽  
Alberto Celani ◽  
Liliya Azhimova ◽  
Luka Akimov
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Digital Asset Management ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Digital Asset ◽  
Capital Construction

This study examines the definition of a digital asset and considers its properties in the system of managing real estate that helps to reduce transaction costs. The intermediate results of the development of a service for digital asset management are presented. In practice, a method of accounting and using data about an object with the use of information modeling technologies is shown. The structure of the code from the point of view of programming is given. The proposed method is aimed at recording data throughout the entire life cycle of a capital construction facility with an emphasis on the operation & maintenance stage, as at the life cycle stage, the least susceptible to the introduction of information modeling technologies. The current research areas in the field of «digital asset» management and digital «asset management» are identified.

scholarly journals Review and Mapping of Parameters for the Early Stage Design of Adaptive Building Technologies through Life Cycle Assessment Tools

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Battisti ◽  
Sandra G. L. Persiani ◽  
Manuela Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Early Stage Design

Adaptive Building Technologies have opened up a growing field of architectural research aimed at improving the overall building performance, ensuring comfort while reducing operational energy consumption. Focusing on flexibility over short timeframes, these new technologies are however rarely designed within the broader frame of sustainability over their entire lifecycle. How sustainable these zero energy technologies really are is yet to be established. The purpose of the research is to develop a flexible easy-to-use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool to support creative innovation and sustainable design choices in the early concept and design stages of Adaptive Building Technologies. This paper reports on the results of the first step of the research, providing a mapping in terms of structure and contents of the parameters involved in the design of these technologies. Addressed from a holistic point of view, the elements of the system were defined though a qualitative approach: relevant parameters were collected through document analysis, reviewing the state-of-the-art technology through online databases as ScienceDirect, Scopus, MDPI, ResearchGate, and organized according to hierarchy and relevance in the different life cycle stages. As a result, the paper identifies (1) relevant parameters defining the design of Adaptive Building Technologies; (2) materials, processes and concepts specific to the design of these technologies, as compared to conventional building technologies; (3) issues and knowledge gaps to enable successive research phases; (4) specific actions in each life cycle stage for designers and producers to optimize the design of the technology. The mapping graphically and hierarchically organizes the elements of the system within a flexible structure to be implemented and integrated over time, as the technology evolves, to support parametric design and enable alternative design concepts to arise within a cradle-to-cradle perspective.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

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