Science, technology and education as factors of national security

Information Provision ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Russian Government ◽

Brics Countries ◽

Science Technology ◽

Technology And Education ◽

State Programs ◽

The article shows that for the development of science, technology, and education, it is necessary to create an adequate information and analytical system to support the adoption of effective management decisions. One of the main difficulties of this task is that it should be solved comprehensively, and not in fragments, as it is done at present. After all, in the structure of the Russian Government there is no body for centralized management of the solution of this issue. Therefore, many state programs in this area are not coordinated with each other and are not supported by the necessary personnel, standards, and legal and information provision. All this will have to be created anew in the context of increasing attempts to isolate Russia economically and politically by the United States and its supporters in the countries of the European Union (EU). The author suggests using this geopolitical situation to review the strategy and tactics of Russia's scientific and technological development, making it a priority to increase the efficiency of using its own intellectual potential and expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries. First of all, it should be the BRICS countries, the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as China, India, Iran and South Korea, which also face acute problems of scientific and technological development.

CYBERSECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION AND AN EXPERIENCE OF BRICS STATES

Пробелы в Российском законодательстве ◽

10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-4-358-365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 358-365

Author(s):

ALEXANDR KARTSKHIYA ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

Global Scale ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Disruptive Technologies ◽

Brics Countries ◽

Science Technology ◽

Modern System ◽

Science Technology And Innovation ◽

The article considers the influence of disruptive technologies as an impact factor of a modern system of cybersecurity and scientific and technological development (STI-Science, Technology and Innovation) in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution, taking into account the experience of the BRICS countries, as well as the development of mechanisms for international scientific and technical cooperation within the BRICS. The author's finding of an inevitable development of cooperation within the framework of the BRICS group in order to improve information infrastructure and cybersecurity, ivolve national legal systems and creation of impact factors to create wide prospects for cooperation in the information sphere within the BRICS group and on a global scale. The state of information and cybersecurity will largely depend on the effectiveness of the activities of international organizations, associations of states and regional international structures. At the same time, the level of security in the information sphere, the Internet cyberspace has a direct effect on vulnerability within the national security of each BRICS member country and the entire association as a whole.

The Evolution of Russian Government Priorities for Scientific and Technological Development: 1990s — 2010s

Istoriya ◽

10.18254/s207987840017586-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

Denis Sekirinskiy

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Technology Policy ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Science And Technology Policy ◽

Historical Background ◽

Russian Government ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Scientific Potential ◽

As the Soviet Union collapsed, science and technology policy in Russia turned out to be out of the decision-makers’ attention focus. The socio-economic transformations of the early 1990s negatively affected the scientific and research organizations, which led to a gradual stagnation in the development of scientific knowledge. By the mid-1990s it had posed a threat to the whole scientific potential of the country. Such a crisis triggered debates on what measures should be taken to reorganize state science and technology policy. The reorganization was marked by the practice of goal-setting, a process based on both historical background and socio-economic tasks of a specific time period with all the participants sharing common perspective of the future. This article is an overview of the key program and strategic documents adopted in the period from the mid-1990s till the late 2010s. These documents reflect the evolution of state priorities for scientific and technological development. The analysis of these documents allows us to trace how the scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation has been transformed from the principle of preserving and supporting the already existing scientific potential to the principle of finding response to specific challenges.

Balanced Investment Treaties and the BRICS

AJIL Unbound ◽

10.1017/aju.2018.64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Congyan Cai

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Brics Countries ◽

Investment Treaty ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cast Doubt ◽

Investment Treaties ◽

Emerging Powers ◽

Bretton Woods Institutions

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the BRICS) have emerged as a new hub of power in international relations. They have begun to speak out jointly on a wide range of issues and to explore cooperating collectively. For instance, they strongly urge the Bretton Woods institutions to address their legitimacy deficits by transferring substantial voting power to emerging powers, and suggest that failure to do so will “run the risk of seeing [those institutions] fade into obsolescence.” The investment treaty regime may be another field in which they can exert influence, but the investment treaty policies of BRICS countries are diverging now more than ever. In particular, India and South Africa have taken significant measures, such as terminating investment treaties, that cast doubt on whether the BRICS can play a collective role in reforming such treaties. In this essay, I make two arguments. First, the recent investment treaty policies of some BRICS (India, South Africa, and to some extent Brazil) have shifted from one imbalanced approach that is too protective of foreign investors to another that is too protective of host states and is likely to be rejected by major powers such as the European Union, the United States, and China. Second, the BRICS together have the ability to craft approaches to investment treaties that encourage greater balance in the regime overall, including by remedying some of the defects inherent in the traditional investment treaties.

The Politicization of Science and Technology: Its Implications for Nanotechnology

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00084.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 658-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Fabrice Jotterand

Keyword(s):

Academic Science ◽

Economic Power ◽

Science Technology ◽

Political Implications ◽

Scientific Ethos ◽

Broad Meaning ◽

Traditional Understanding ◽

Scientific And Technological Development ◽

The Ideal

Nanotechnology represents, in part, a technological revolution in the sense that it allows highly innovative applications of various areas of the physical and life sciences. The development of nanotechnology and nanoscience, however, intensifies challenges to the traditional understanding of how to pursue scientific and technological knowledge. Science (in its broad meaning) can no longer be construed simply as the ideal of the quest for truth (i.e., “pure science”). Science, through its technological applications, has become the source of economic power and, by extension, political power. Science, with its political implications, has entered what John Ziman calls the era of “post-academic science.”In this paper, I argue that nanotechnology is a cardinal exemplar of this politicization, that is, the convergence of science, technology, politics, and economics for social and governmental purposes. At the same time, I assert that this new scientific ethos offers the possibility of a better integration of ethical and philosophical reflections at the core of scientific and technological development.

8th International Week of Science, Technology & Innovation (8th IWSTI)

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/011001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2139 (1) ◽

pp. 011001

Author(s):

B Medina Delgado ◽

Velásquez Pérez ◽

J E Torres-Ramírez ◽

A Sandoval Amador ◽

L M Dueñas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

The United States ◽

Scientific Committee ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

San Jose ◽

Technology And Innovation ◽

Research Technology ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Science Technology

The 8th International Week of Science, Technology, and Innovation (8th IWSTI) took place from 21 to 24 September de 2021, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, and was organized by the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander headquarters in San José de Cúcuta and Ocaña. The 8th IWSTI is aimed at the academic and scientific community and to the productive sectors of the region, and have a purpose are the dissemination of academic, and research works; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities for contribution to strengthening the relationship School-University-Company-State. The 8th IWSTI generated spaces for the exchange experiences academic and scientific in different knowledge areas between students, teachers, entrepreneurs, and researchers from the United States of America, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Venezuela, and Colombia. Additionally, during the 8th IWSTI, was held the V Interinstitutional Conference of Research Seedbeds, which has as the main goal to socialize the research proposals and research results, obtained in different areas of knowledge, by the Research Seedbeds of all Educational Institutions of Norte de Santander, SIES+, Colombia. The organizing committee of the 8th IWSTI is extremely thankful to all participants for providing their valuable contributions as well as the reviewers for their recommendations and constructive criticism that help to improve the articles presented in this volume of proceedings. The articles refer to one of the following topics addressed in the 8th IWSTI: Modeling, Simulation, and Diagnostics, Physical-Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Characterization of Materials. Likewise, we like to thank the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS), and the Foundation of Researchers in Materials Science and Technology (FORISTOM), for all the support technical and logistical received. Finally, the editor hopes that those interested in the area of research, technology, and innovation in sciences and engineering will enjoy reading this volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), which reflects a wide variety of current issues, contributing to the generation and transfer of knowledge, as well as to the strengthening of research in science and engineering in Colombia. “Education and expression freedom for anyone”. List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Logistic, Sponsor, Partners are available in this pdf.

From the Unitary Patent Package to a Federal EU Patent Law

Perspectives on Federalism ◽

10.2478/pof-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126-146

Author(s):

Juliana Almeida ◽

Guilherme Oliveira e Costa

Keyword(s):

Patent Protection ◽

Patent Law ◽

International Agreement ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Cooperation Mechanism ◽

Unitary Patent ◽

The Eu ◽

Abstract For the last forty years, the European Union has been pursuing the goal of a unified system of patent law, which would make it possible for an invention to be protected, by EU law, throughout the territory of the Member-States, with a single application. This would simplify the patent protection system, making it easier, less costly and more secure, and would facilitate access to the internal market and promote scientific and technological development. However, problems might arise because of the plurality of legal sources that could be involved and due to the fact that not all countries want to be part of this new system. Nevertheless, the involvement of the majority of the Member-States in the Unitary Patent Package, through participating in an international agreement and in using the EU’s enhanced cooperation mechanism, is evidence of federalist manifestations of the EU as a sui generis organisation.

Priority Directions of Development of Science, Technologies and Technics in Interests of Defence and State Security

Economic Strategies ◽

10.33917/es-5.171.2020.24-33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Sergey I. Dovguchits ◽

◽

Sergey S. Golubev ◽

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Defense Industry ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Military Industrial Complex ◽

State Security ◽

Science Technology ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The paper presents the results of determining the priority directions of development of science, technologies and technics in interests of defence and state security, based on open sources of information, methods and tools of forecasting of development of science, equipment and technologies used in the formation of promising scientific and technological directions of development of military-industrial complex (defense industry). The authors analyze documents that determine the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, show the criteria for selecting a list of strategic priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, and consider the methodology for substantiating promising areas of scientific and technological development of the defense industry. The paper shows that scientific and technical forecasting is an integral part of the formation of policy in the field of defense and security of the state. They are formed in close connection with critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation. The authors reveal in detail the key trends in the development of science, technology and engineering that ensure the formation of the scientific and technological Foundation for the creation of promising samples of VVST.

Survival Governance

10.1093/oso/9780197534755.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Drahos

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

The European Union ◽

Strong State ◽

The Us ◽

Belt And Road ◽

Fossil Fuel Industry ◽

Fuel Industry

The climate and energy crisis requires a strong state to change the direction, speed, scale, and financing of innovation in world capitalism in order to create a bio-digital energy paradigm. Four states are possible contenders for catalyzing this survival governance: China, the European Union, India, and the United States. China is an improbable leader, but less improbable than the other three. No US president can close down the fossil fuel industry in time. The US state, worried about the slippage of its technological superiority, is turning to regulatory mechanisms like intellectual property to slow China’s technological development. China will have to manage the risk of a United States bent on military primacy. China is urbanizing innovation on a historically unprecedented scale. Lying at the heart of the bio-digital energy paradigm is a global city-based network of innovation. China, more than the other three states, is scaling technology innovation through the building of experimental cities such as eco-cities, hydrogen cities, forest cities, and sponge cities. The Belt and Road Initiative will take this innovation well outside of China’s borders. China could help to place cities into a new relationship with their surrounding ecosystems. Drawing on more than 250 interviews, carried out in 17 countries, including the world’s four largest carbon emitters, the book shows how cities and their networks represent the best chance for growing climate survival governance for the 21st century.

DTCA of Prescription Medicines in the European Union: Is There Still a Need for a Ban?

European Journal of Health Law ◽

10.1163/157180910x527897 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 471-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mareen Poser

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Commission ◽

General Public ◽

Information Provision ◽

The United States ◽

The European Union ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Prescription Medicines ◽

Direct To Consumer Advertising ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe pharmaceutical sector is one of the main markets in the European Union. The consumption of medicines is high and steadily increasing. However, the pharmaceutical market is subject to a wider range of restrictions than almost any other sector. The restrictions mainly apply to information provision and advertising practice within the community. One of the main features in pharmaceutical regulation is the ban on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. However, an abolition of the ban is controversial in the European Community, especially as the pharmaceutical industry keeps pleading for its ability to use the highly effective marketing strategy of DTCA to promote prescription medicines to the general public. Such advertising is only allowed in two jurisdictions in the world, New Zealand and the United States. In both systems the impact of DTCA on the consumer and the economy has been subject to research. The outcome of these studies is outlined in this article. Since the European Commission has provided a new proposal to amend the current information practice regarding prescription medicines in 2008 (European Commission, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending, as Regards Information to the General Public on Medicinal Products Subject to Medical Prescription, Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community Code Relating to Medicinal Products for Human Use, COM/2008/0663 final) it is time to examine different options to regulate the provision of information and discuss the need for a ban of DTCA.

Telework in BRICS: Legal, Gender and Cultural Aspects

BRICS Law Journal ◽

10.21684/2412-2343-2020-7-4-45-66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 45-66

Author(s):

M. Chudinovskikh ◽

N. Tonkikh

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Rapid Development ◽

The United States ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

The European Union ◽

Employment Contracts ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Brics Countries ◽

Current Trends ◽

Regulation Model

With the rapid development of digital technologies and globalization, telework is becoming increasingly common. For the BRICS countries, the formation of a modern legal regulation model for telework is of great importance. In drafting legislation, it is essential to take into account economic and cultural factors, as well as the need to ensure gender equality. This article presents an analysis of current trends in telework development in the BRICS countries. Its findings reveal various reasons for a growing need to regulate telework. For Brazil, the issue of ecology plays an important role; for China and India, the possibility of integration into the world economy; in Russia, the focus is still on the procedural issues concerning the conclusion and termination of employment contracts; in South Africa, the issue of ensuring not only gender equality, but also racial equality is acute. The analysis gives the authors grounds to conclude that the BRICS countries are still lagging behind the United States and the European Union in the area of telework labor law, despite its widespread prevalence. The BRICS countries do not yet produce the necessary statistics on the prevalence of telework. Issues relating to BRICS's deepening integration require the development of common approaches to regulating the work of teleworkers. The harmonization of legislation between Russia and China is of particular importance due to the territorial factor.