Intensity of muscular system growth in purebred and crossbred steers depending on functional loads

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. Lukyanov ◽  
O. Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Axial Part ◽  
White Breed

The intensity of muscular system growth is largely determined by functional loads on it, and the frequency of growth and development of muscular system is associated with successive differentiations and is largely due to age-related changes in the level of sex steroids. Since crossbreeding is one of the effective methods of expanding the slaughter contingent of cattle the study of the intensity of muscular system growth of carcasses in purebred and crossbred animals is relevant and has indisputable practical application. The results of researches devoted to the study of the influence of functional loads on the intensity of growth and development of muscular system in steers of Blackand-White breed and its hybrids with Aberdeen-Angus and Charolais have been presented in the article. Muscle mass of carcasses was the biggest in Charolais crossbreds at the age of 12, 15 and 18 months it was, respectively, 172,4; 213,8 and 253,6 kg, which is significantly more than in herdmates of the maternal breed and Aberdeen-Angus crossbreds. The periodicity of muscular system development in the anatomical parts of carcasses has been found that largely due to functional loads as a result of which there is a redistribution of the muscular component in them. The biggest intensity of growth is typical for the muscle mass of the abdominal part, the least-for the muscles of the forearm and lower leg. A quarter of all muscles of carcasses accounted for the thigh in which the largest and most valuable in the nutrient framework are the biceps, quadriceps, semimembranosus, semitendinous muscles. The relative weight of the muscles located in the anatomical regions of the axial part of the skeleton with the age of animals has being increased and the muscles of the peripheral part of the skeleton-naturally has being decreased.

Features of growth and development of the skeleton in Simmental and crossbred steers during ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
I. P. Prokhorov ◽  
A. N. Pikul ◽  
V. N. Lukyanov ◽  
O. A. Kalmykova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Axial Part ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Age Related Changes

The results of age-related changes in the morphological composition of carcasses, features of growth and development of the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton, and their constituent bones, Simmental and crossbred steers have been presented in the paper. The purpose of the research was to study the features of growth and development of the skeleton of Simmental and crossbred steers. The research has been carried out on the basis of the Tula Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture – a branch of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. In order to conduct experiments 3 groups of steers have been formed per 15 heads in each with using the method of analogous pairs. Animals of Simmental breed were included in the 1st control group, and in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups consist of 1/2-blood steers of beef Simmental and Charollais breeds, respectively, obtained from crossbreeding Simmental cows with sires of these beef breeds. The experiment lasted until the 18-month-old of steers. It has been found that the intensity of bone growth in the axial and peripheral parts of the skeleton was due to age-related changes in the absolute and relative bone mass of steers. The intensity of growth of the axial part of the skeleton in the postnatal period increased, and the peripheral decreased. The ribs and spine were characterized by the increased growth rate, while the thoracic and pelvic limbs were characterized by the lower growth rate. The intensity of bone growth in the proximal parts of the limbs exceeded that of the distal parts. Age-related differences in the intensity of growth of the skeletal parts led to changes in the ratio between the linear body size and the features of the steers’ constitution. The value of the long-legness indices in Charolais crossbreds decreased from 65,4 at birth to 53,6 and 46,6 at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively, while the lengthiness indices on the contrary increased and in these age periods amounted to 93,4, 105,4 and 114,9, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF THE SEX AND AGE OF YOUNG TCIGAI SHEEP ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLES AND BONES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Group Ii

The article presents the results of a study of the growth and development of muscles and bones of the peripheral and axial parts of the skeleton of young sheep of the Tcigai breed, depending on gender, physiological state and age. It was found that with age, the relative weight of the peripheral department decreased in rams by 5.90 %, boulders by 5.76%, and eggs by 6.01%, with an increase in the share of the axial department. For the entire period of experience from birth to 12 months. in rams, the muscle mass increased by 7370 g, boulders by 6387 g (for the muscle mass of newborn young animals of group II, the results of slaughter of animals of group I were taken), female offsprings by 5330 g. So for the entire period of growth, the muscle tissue of the axial department had a higher coefficient of increase in absolute mass than the peripheral one. It is characteristic that differences in intensity were manifested during the period of dairy cultivation, in subsequent age periods, young animals of all groups were characterized by a similar value of coefficients both by department and depending on gender.

State of neuromuscular transmission in vibration disease, according to electroneuromyographic test

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Sergey Babanov
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
System Development ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Occupational Disorders ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

The article covers the particular features of the neuro-muscular system in vibration disease of various types and severity by electroneuromyographical tests at the Department of Occupational Disorders, Regional Center for Occupational Disorders, Samara Medical and Sanitary Unit № 5 of the Kirov Region (State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Samara Region). Changes in excitability and functional mobility of the sensorimotor system, development of vegetative-sensory polyneuropathy depending on the vibration disease type, severity, and the length of exposure to vibration at work are found in vibration disease patients.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Anna Picca ◽  
Riccardo Calvani
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Age Related

Sarcopenia involves a progressive age‐related decline of skeletal muscle mass and strength/function [...]

scholarly journals Molecular and phenotypic analysis of rodent models reveals conserved and species-specific modulators of human sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Börsch ◽  
Daniel J. Ham ◽  
Nitish Mittal ◽  
Lionel A. Tintignac ◽  
Eugenia Migliavacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Analogous Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Function

AbstractSarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, affects 5–13% of individuals aged over 60 years. While rodents are widely-used model organisms, which aspects of sarcopenia are recapitulated in different animal models is unknown. Here we generated a time series of phenotypic measurements and RNA sequencing data in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and analyzed them alongside analogous data from rats and humans. We found that rodents recapitulate mitochondrial changes observed in human sarcopenia, while inflammatory responses are conserved at pathway but not gene level. Perturbations in the extracellular matrix are shared by rats, while mice recapitulate changes in RNA processing and autophagy. We inferred transcription regulators of early and late transcriptome changes, which could be targeted therapeutically. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic measurements, such as muscle mass, are better indicators of muscle health than chronological age and should be considered when analyzing aging-related molecular data.

scholarly journals Identification of Withania somnifera-Silybum marianum-Trigonella foenum-graecum Formulation as a Nutritional Supplement to Contrast Muscle Atrophy and Sarcopenia

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Laura Salvadori ◽  
Manuela Mandrone ◽  
Tommaso Manenti ◽  
Catia Ercolani ◽  
Luca Cornioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Age Related

Background: Muscle atrophy, i.e., the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an unresolved problem associated with aging (sarcopenia) and several pathological conditions. The imbalance between myofibrillary protein breakdown (especially the adult isoforms of myosin heavy chain, MyHC) and synthesis, and the reduction of muscle regenerative potential are main causes of muscle atrophy. Methods: Starting from one-hundred dried hydroalcoholic extracts of medical plants, we identified those able to contrast the reduction of C2C12 myotube diameter in well-characterized in vitro models mimicking muscle atrophy associated to inflammatory states, glucocorticoid treatment or nutrient deprivation. Based on their ability to rescue type II MyHC (MyHC-II) expression in atrophying conditions, six extracts with different phytochemical profiles were selected, mixed in groups of three, and tested on atrophic myotubes. The molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of the most efficacious formulation, and its efficacy on myotubes obtained from muscle biopsies of young and sarcopenic subjects were also investigated. Results: We identified WST (Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) formulation as extremely efficacious in protecting C2C12 myotubes against MyHC-II degradation by stimulating Akt (protein kinase B)-dependent protein synthesis and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)/myogenin-dependent myoblast differentiation. WST sustains trophism in C2C12 and young myotubes, and rescues the size, developmental MyHC expression and myoblast fusion in sarcopenic myotubes. Conclusion: WST strongly counteracts muscle atrophy associated to different conditions in vitro. The future validation in vivo of our results might lead to the use of WST as a food supplement to sustain muscle mass in diffuse atrophying conditions, and to reverse the age-related functional decline of human muscles, thus improving people quality of life and reducing social and health-care costs.

scholarly journals Relationship between age-related decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and skeletal muscle mass in Japanese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Sato ◽  
Teruhiro Morishita ◽  
Takafumi Katayama ◽  
Shigeko Satomura ◽  
Hiroko Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

scholarly journals Physical activity in elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cvecka ◽  
Veronika Tirpakova ◽  
Milan Sedliak ◽  
Helmut Kern ◽  
Winfried Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is a multifactorial irreversible process associated with significant decline in muscle mass and neuromuscular functions. One of the most efficient methods to counteract age-related changes in muscle mass and function is physical exercise. An alternative effective intervention to improve muscle structure and performance is electrical stimulation. In the present work we present the positive effects of physical activity in elderly and a study where the effects of a 8-week period of functional electrical stimulation and strength training with proprioceptive stimulation in elderly are compared.

scholarly journals Motor unit number and transmission stability in octogenarian world class athletes: Can age-related deficits be outrun?

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. Power ◽  
Matti D. Allen ◽  
Kevin J. Gilmore ◽  
Daniel W. Stashuk ◽  
Timothy J. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
World Class ◽  
World Champion

Our group has shown a greater number of functioning motor units (MU) in a cohort of highly active older (∼65 yr) masters runners relative to age-matched controls. Because of the precipitous loss in the number of functioning MUs in the eighth and ninth decades of life it is unknown whether older world class octogenarian masters athletes (MA) would also have greater numbers of functioning MUs compared with age-matched controls. We measured MU numbers and neuromuscular transmission stability in the tibialis anterior of world champion MAs (∼80 yr) and compared the values with healthy age-matched controls (∼80 yr). Decomposition-enhanced spike-triggered averaging was used to collect surface and intramuscular electromyography signals during dorsiflexion at ∼25% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Near fiber (NF) MU potential analysis was used to assess neuromuscular transmission stability. For the MAs compared with age-matched controls, the amount of excitable muscle mass (compound muscle action potential) was 14% greater ( P < 0.05), there was a trend ( P = 0.07) toward a 27% smaller surface-detected MU potential representative of less collateral reinnervation, and 28% more functioning MUs ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the MAs had greater MU neuromuscular stability than the controls, as indicated by lower NF jitter and jiggle values ( P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that high-performing octogenarians better maintain neuromuscular stability of the MU and mitigate the loss of MUs associated with aging well into the later decades of life during which time the loss of muscle mass and strength becomes functionally relevant. Future studies may identify the concomitant roles genetics and exercise play in neuroprotection.

Muscle metabolism during exercise in young and older untrained and endurance-trained men

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2125-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
A. M. Abduljalil ◽  
S. C. Swanson ◽  
M. S. Earle ◽  
J. W. Farris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Response To Exercise

To examine effects of aging and endurance training on human muscle metabolism during exercise, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the metabolic response to exercise in young (21–33 yr) and older (58–68 yr) untrained and endurance-trained men (n = 6/group). Subjects performed graded plantar flexion exercise with the right leg, with metabolic responses measured using a 31P surface coil placed over the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle biopsy samples were also obtained for determination of citrate synthase activity. Rate of increase in P(i)-to-phosphocreatine ratio with increasing power output was greater (P < 0.01) in older untrained [0.058 +/- 0.022 (SD) W-1] and trained men (0.042 +/- 0.010 W-1) than in young untrained (0.038 +/- 0.017 W-1) and trained men (0.024 +/- 0.010 W-1). Plantar flexor muscle cross-sectional area and volume (determined using 1H magnetic resonance imaging) were 11–12% (P < 0.05) and 16–18% (P < 0.01) smaller, respectively, in older men. When corrected for this difference in muscle mass, age-related differences in metabolic response to exercise were reduced by approximately 50% but remained significant (P < 0.05). Citrate synthase activity was approximately 20% lower (P < 0.001) in older untrained and trained men than in corresponding young groups and was inversely related to P(i)-phosphocreatine slope (r = -0.63, P < 0.001). Age-related reductions in exercise capacity were associated with an altered muscle metabolic response to exercise, which appeared to be due to smaller muscle mass and lower muscle respiratory capacity of older subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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