The aquaculture of acipenseriformes. Part 5. Dunabe Basin and Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Igor Vladimirovich Trenkler
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Stellate Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii

The history and contemporary state of global aquaculture of sturgeons and paddlefish are reviewed. 5th part is devoted to sturgeon breeding in the basin of Black sea (without countries of former USSR reviewed earlier) аnd in the Middle East. Six species of sturgeon once migrated in the Danube River and Turkish rivers Yeşilırmak, Kızılirmak and Sakarya for spawning: anadromous beluga Huso huso, Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, stellate sturgeon A.stellatus, European sturgeon A. sturio and the river resident ship sturgeon A. nudiventris and sterlet A. ruthenus. Sturgeons had played an important role in the history Black sea fisheries, but due to overexploitation, followed by extensive river regulations and deterioration of water quality decrease in their populations has led most of them to the verge of extinction. During the 20th Century, world demand for sturgeon meat and caviar has inflated the economic value of sturgeons so Danube basin countries and Turkey develop commercial aquaculture and conservational programs. As result of protective measures the limited natural spawning of beluga, Russian and stellate sturgeons and sterlet is preserved in Danube. In Sakarya River last spawning population of stellate sturgeon exists. These species and Siberian sturgeon are important objects of commercial aquaculture in all countries of Black sea basin. The leaders of commercial sturgeon farming in this region are Bulgaria and Israel. The sturgeon aquaculture of Hungary and Turkey developed rapidly. Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates are important importers of caviar. Saudi Arabia is large consumer of caviar and UAE is one of main re-exporter of caviar. Both Arab countries develop own sturgeon aquaculture.

Middle Eastern countries will diversify energy routes

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Neutral Zone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transit Route

Subject Middle East hydrocarbons routes. Significance Geopolitical uncertainty is increasing in the Middle East due to the confrontation between Iran and its Arab neighbours, and the internal splits within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). These include the breach between Qatar and the group of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain; as well as -- to a much lesser extent -- the Saudi-Kuwaiti Neutral Zone dispute. Impacts Hormuz access will always be indispensable to Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq and Iran itself. Competition will increase around the Bab al-Mandab -- a key secondary energy transit route -- among Turkey, Egypt, Iran and the GCC states. The boycott of Qatar by its neighbours will complicate and weaken Arab countries’ responses to Iran and to higher oil prices.

scholarly journals SYRIA'S POSITION ON IRAQ'S INVASION OF KUWAIT IN 1990

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 387-407
Author(s):  
Ohood Abbas Ohood Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Strategic Changes ◽  
Arab League ◽  
The Difference

At the beginning of the nineties of the last century, one of the most prominent Arab problems appeared ‎in the Middle East, which was represented by Iraq‏’‏s invasion of Kuwait, which was the most prominent ‎event at all levels, regional and international, given the great political and strategic changes that the ‎invasion provoked in the region and the difference in attitudes and consensus at other times, ‎including‏ ‏It was necessary for us to study and analyze the position of one of the most important Arab ‎countries in the region, which is the Syrian position on the issue of Iraq‏’‏s invasion of Kuwait and its ‎repercussions, and the Syrian government‏’‏s attempt to settle that conflict by adopting various effective ‎ways to contain the crisis and prevent the dispersal of the Arab nation with its focus on finding a ‎peaceful solution to avoid the countries of the region from possible future dangers‏. ‏It cannot be ‎controlled later, which is what prompted it to go along with all the Arab and international resolutions ‎that condemned that invasion. That is why it sought to announce its position on the issue of the ‎invasion clearly and transparently, and on several occasions, it did not deviate from its national and ‎Arab principles until the date of the liberation of Kuwait and the resolution of the crisis and its end‎‎. Keywords: Iraq, Syria, Invasion, Security Council, Saudi Arabia, Arab League, Kuwait

Educational Technology in the Middle East

2011 ◽  
pp. 717-723
Author(s):  
Adrienne A. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational Technology ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Technological Facility

The countries of the Middle East are undergoing rapid change in many areas, and the field of education is illustrative. This is particularly the case for the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The governments of the GCC are actively striving to lessen their dependence on both their petroleum-based economies as well as the large expatriate populations that make up the majority of human resources in the workplace. One of the solutions to greater independence is through upgrading the national educational systems. Educational technology plays a key role, both as a tool used in education as well as being a conduit toward embedding technological facility into every aspect of their economic development, and thus is an end in itself.

scholarly journals Understanding Heart Failure Burden in Middle East Countries: Economic Impact in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W AlHabeeb ◽  
K Akhras ◽  
K AlGhalayini ◽  
H Al-Mudaiheem ◽  
B Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Middle East Countries

A Situational Analysis of the Status of Midwifery in North Africa and the Middle East

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atf Ghérissi ◽  
Judith Marie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
First Time

Midwives from the Middle East and North African (MENA) region convened in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 2012 to engage for the first time ever in a discussion concerning regional strategic interventions to strengthen midwifery and the work of midwives in the Arab countries. The workshop was an opportunity to establish a culture of positive and balanced collaboration and mutual understanding among midwives and between midwives and other maternity care professionals including nurses and obstetricians. Key challenges and opportunities in midwifery in the MENA region were identified. Participants agreed on strategic goals to strengthening midwifery education, regulation, and associations in the MENA region.

scholarly journals Education In The Arab Gulf States and the Arab World

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Zeinab Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Arab Gulf ◽  
Arab Gulf States

Education In The Arab Gulf States And The Arab World: An AnnotatedBibliography is divided into six parts. Each part contains between one toten chapters according to the topic. In the preface, the author mentions thatshe includes all references found in US libraries and the Libraryof Congress and does not include references from Arab countries. Shealso mentions that she was "selective" in her choices of what to includeand what not. For example, literature from the social sciences thatcontained a lot of stereotyping and biased information about Islam, Arabsand Arab society in general was excluded. Unpublished works alsowere not included. The author then describes her method of listing thebibliography: when there was literature available on the Arab world ingeneral, she included that, and then she would list the seven Gulf States inalphabetical order. If there were no references for a country, then thecountry is not mentioned and she jumps to the next country in that order.Part One contains only one chapter, which is the introduction. ElSannbarypresents an historical overview of the Gulf States, which is herfocus: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UnitedArab Emirates. A map of the region is presented on page four. She surveysthe history and the present conditions of the seven states economically,politically and educationally. The rest of the chapter includes a one-pagesummary on all the topics, which are mainly the chapters that follow.Part Two comes under the heading "General Background andResources", and consists of three chapters. Chapter Two, "Context ofEducation", contains 165 entries. It starts with the Arab World (entry 1-52)followed by Bahrain (52-60), Iraq (61-76), Kuwait (77-95), Oman (96-102), Qatar (103-108), Saudi Arabia (109-154), and the United ArabEmirates, (155-165). This is the system followed throughout the wholebook. When there is no literature available on a country, it is notmentioned. Chapter Three, "Bibliographies and References", starts withgeneral references (166- 215), and then is followed by Iraq (216), Kuwait(217), Oman (218-2190, Qatar (220-223), United Arab Emirates (224)and finally educational references (225-259). Chapter Four, "Religion andEducation," lists 120 entries (260-380) ...

The epidemiological plateau of Corona virus in Gulf countries: a descriptive statistics study

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149
Author(s):  
Raghad S. Mouhamad ◽  
Khlood Abedalelah Al-Khafaji ◽  
Risala H. Allami ◽  
Michael Alabboud ◽  
Maha Hameed Abdulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Global Spread

The novel SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the beta coronaviruses and causes a severe pandemic disease named as COVID-19. In late December 2019. WHO situation reports on 11 March 2020, declared that COVID-19 a pandemic due to its global spread. All Arab countries have reported COVID-19 cases. The confirmed cases of COVID-19 pandemic in Arab gulf countries were reported in the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, respectively. The fatality case rates in Gulf Countries are less than 1% in Oman, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia, yet it hits 7.5% in Iraq. In this manuscript, we try to interpret the pandemic statistically in gulf countries, especially in Iraq. Additionally, the distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases based on ABO blood groups were investigated. Epidemiological analyses revealed that a decreased risk of infection was attributed to blood group O compared to non-O blood groups, whereas people with the A and A.B. blood groups showed the highest risk for COVID-19 infection. Besides, high risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, blood clotting, and interleukin secretion was also related to blood groups in different orders. Accordingly, patients with a specific blood group that are associate with the above diseases should be under strict medical surveillance when infected with COVID-19 to reduce complications and severity. This study provides further confirmation for the previously reported correlation between the ABO blood groups and the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.

Saudi Arabia and Israel: the Palestinian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
G. Kosach
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Crown Prince

The article examines the issues related to the change in the Saudi Arabia’s policy towards Israel in the context of Riyadh’s approaches to solving the Palestinian problem. The author emphasizes that the positive dynamics taking place in the evolution of Saudi-Israeli interaction in recent years is determined by the intra-Saudi socio-economic and political transformation, including changes in public opinion regarding Israel, as well as significant shifts in the development of the Middle East regional situation, inter alia those proclaimed by the United Arab Emirates (as well as Bahrain) heading towards a settlement with Israel. At the same time, the emergence of a tendency to support the course towards normalizing relations with Israel in the context of the current Saudi internal political situation also marked a public demarcation in relation to initiatives to support the Crown Prince. If his supporters act, among other things, as supporters of normalization, then opponents see contacts with the Jewish state as “a betrayal of Arab national interests”. Noting that the current Saudi-Israeli rapprochement is largely determined by a joint interest in confronting Iran, the author, nevertheless, sees the most important reason for the continuing Saudi unwillingness to normalize relations with the Jewish state in the unresolved Palestinian problem on the basis of the “two states” principle. At the same time, the author believes that this principle itself is an instrument of Saudi foreign policy, thanks to which Riyadh seeks to exclude the possibility of Israeli hegemony in the future post-confrontational Middle East. This means, in particular, that the achievement of mutual understanding will become a reality only if the Israeli regional policy is adjusted so as not to pose a threat to Saudi interests.

Past and Future Management of Lower Danube Wetlands System: A Bioeconomic Appraisal

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angheluta Vadineanu ◽  
Mihai Adamescu ◽  
Radu Vadineanu ◽  
Sergiu Cristofor ◽  
Costel Negrei
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
River Catchments ◽  
North Western

The Lower Danube Wetlands System has been and remains one of the largest and most diverse wetlands formations in Europe. It extends over ten thousands square kilometers along the lower Danube river stretch of 840 kilometers long. In the last century several types of management were applied at the LDWS and river catchments and a wide range of structural and functional effects occurred in time. The management system promoted between 1950s and late 1980s was designed according to the principles of neoclassical economic theory. The objectives of this paper are: i) the implementation of holistic approach and management for identifying the past and future drivers, pressures and impacts upon LDWS; ii) use of the methods of biological economics for the assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of past and future strategies and management of the LDWS and iii) identification of the overall goal and targets for future holistic bioeconomic management of the local (IBr), micro-regional (LDWS) and regional (LDC and North-Western Black Sea) biological complexes. As the reference state for LDWS we have adopted that of the beginning of 1960s when no major structural and functional changes had occurred. Increase in demands for more agricultural land and food production, hydropower or for waterway transport as well as for urbanization and industrial use at the Danube river catchments have resulted in significant changes. These together with a set of main actions consisting in: extensive conversion of wetlands into agroecosystems; intensification of auxiliary energy and material inputs into food production systems; point and diffuse pollution; hydrotechnical works and overexploitation of natural resources have been identified as drivers and pressures responsible for a wide range of structural and functional changes which have occurred in the last four decades in the LDWS and North-Western Black Sea. All sets of local and regional impacts are described and viewed as major threats for natural capital and long-term socioeconomic development. The crude estimation of total economic value of the remained wetlands (SIBr) and established polders in the IBr biological complex, allowed a better assessment of the short term and sectoral advantages against long term and holistic disadvantages. The achievements of such analysis described in section 4 clearly suggest the multifunctional role and economic value of self-maintaining wetlands ecosystems compared with monofunctional role and economic value of the human-dependent agroecosystems. It is determined that the economic inefficiency of the former applied mono-functional policy and management at the IBr wetlands system consists on the one hand in the huge cost of wetlands transformation (more than one billion USD) and additional cost for intensive production of crops, which accounted for at least 90 million USD per year (20 per cent higher than the crops market price of 70 million USD per year) and on the other hand in the monetary loss (173 million USD per year) due to cutting off three valuable ecosystem functions by implementing mono-functional farming system. Bearing in mind the difference between the reference and current states of LDWS and the respective economic consequences as well as the long-term objectives of the new established policy in the region, which deals, with: a) biodiversity conservation; b) 40 per cent reduction of the potential nutrient discharges into Black Sea by 2010 and c) sustainable development, we are proposing an operational plan for a holistic bioeconomic management of these wetlands. This plan is, based on the reconstruction of 1500 square kilometers of wetlands in the LDWS and implementing multifunctional farming in LDC and remaining polders in the LDWS. We have also estimated the potential impacts of wetlands reconstruction of LDWS’s functions and its total bioeconomic value.

Diaspora, Remittances and Dependence on Arab Countries: A Case of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Syed Zohaib Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Sobia Jamil ◽  
Ali Imran Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Dependency Model

This paper has formulated a model by the name of DRADM i.e. Diaspora-Remittances-Arab Dependency Model while studying the literature pertinent to the modes of remittance, sectarianism and the Pakistani diaspora in the Middle-East. Pakistan is home of a large Shi’a population second only to Iran and this community regularly visits the holy shrines in Iran, Syria and Iraq forming a heartily connection with these countries. Contrarily, the Sunni Arab world hosts a huge number of Pakistani workers who send a significant part of their salaries back to Pakistan. These remittances act as a viable source of foreign exchange and help in balance of payments each year. Since the former group (Shi’a) is influenced by Iran and the latter (Sunni) by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan finds itself in a flux. In its bid to make a balance between Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), how Pakistan would manage its staggering economy with headship of Islamic military coalition, is a big question mark. With the help of published secondary data from governmental and other institutions this study examines the co-relation between remittances from Arab World and sectarianism (inside Pakistan and in Middle East) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan.

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