Results of experimental work on the application of the aquacrop rotation practice in fish ponds in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Lydia Mikhailovna Vasilyeva ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Ali Attala Muheisin ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fish Productivity

The use of the crop rotation method in fish farming makes it possible to increase fish productivity and crop yields in ponds. In the countries of the Middle East, in recent years, the Aqua Crop rotation practice has been developing, in particular, the consistent cultivation of fish and rice in fish ponds, which allows eliminating the contradictions between these crops and increasing production efficiency. In Iraq, an experiment was carried out on the variable cultivation of rice and carp in fish ponds for four years, with the aim of introducing this practice into the country’s agriculture. Four ponds, each with an area of 7.5 hectares, were involved. The research was carried out in two variants: in experiment No.1 rice was grown in the first year, fish in the second, then rice again and in the fourth year — fish, in the second experiment, on the contrary, at the beginning of the fish, then rice, etc. The fish-breeding season lasted 9 months (March to November). Fish-breeding indicators were studied in detail: survival rate, feed costs, fish productivity, the results of rice cultivation were judged by yield. In addition, indicators of economic efficiency were determined according to a simplified scheme. The results indicate that, in general, fish-breeding indicators turned out to be higher when growing fish in ponds after rice, so fish productivity increased by almost 30% with an average value of 3.9 t/ha, feed costs decreased, while rice yield increased by 15–16% and averaged 3.6 t/ha. The best fish-breeding indicators were obtained in the second experiment after rice was grown in the ponds for two years. Economic calculations confirmed the advantages of using the aquacrop rotation practice, so in the second experiment the cost of marketable fish decreased by 10%, and the profitability increased by almost 30%.

The practicality and profitability of feed inputs on the Stratford Demonstration Farm

2005 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
G.D. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Result ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Buying In ◽  
Jersey Cows

A four-herd dairy farm farmlet trial was carried out on the Stratford Demonstration Farm in Central Taranaki for four seasons (2001/2002 to 2004/2005). This trial examined the profitability and practicality of different feed input systems including on-farm forage cropping and the use of new pastures. The farmlets included: 1. A self-contained control group moderately stocked at 3.3 Jersey cows/ha. 2. A group with the same stocking rate (SR) but using high quality silage made on the farmlet to allow milking for a long lactation (280 days/cow) and feed purchased to balance the winter feed budget (MPF). 3. A group, high stocked at 4 Jersey cows/ha to allow direct grazing of the grass by milking cows with minimal supplements made but feed purchased (grass silage and hay, maize silage, winter grazingoff) to allow a moderate to long lactation length (270 days/cow) and to balance the winter feed budget (HPF). 4. A group also at the moderate SR and self-contained but with 12% of the farmlet cropped with summer turnips and Triticale cereal silage crops to increase total feed production, as well as introduce the use of higher quality pasture cultivars (crop). Increased milk production was achieved by the increased inputs with a response rate of 142 g milksolids (MS)/kg dry matter (DM) from buying-in feed to extend the lactation and 84 g MS/kg DM from buying-in feed to run a higher SR. The cropping and regrassing system also resulted in a 4.9% increase in MS production, but crop yields were much lower than expected, significantly affecting the results. The MPF group with purchased feed to extend the lactation produced the best economic result under the costs and milk payouts used. The HPF group produced the most variable and lowest economic result. The extra milk production from this group was sufficient to cover the extra feed costs but not the cost of running the extra cows. The extra milk production on the cropping farmlet covered the cost of the cropping and allowed a high level of regrassing at no net cost, but minimal economic benefit. The value of the new pastures in the system, however, improved each season. Labour costs, feed costs and milk payout are critical factors in the differing economic results. These vary greatly from farm-to-farm, and year-to-year and differences here can change the relative economics of each system. Keywords: economic farm surplus, feed input systems, milksolids production, profit

scholarly journals Инновационные направления основа повышения эффективности производства продукции растениеводства

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
L.A. Khomutova ◽  
L.M. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Competitive Products

Рассматриваются результаты анализа современного состояния отрасли растениеводства в Костромской области и основные направления её инновационного развития. Отрасль характеризуется низким уровнем интенсивности ведения производства, нестабильным уровнем рентабельности и низким показателем товарности. Неэффективные технологические процессы в отрасли не могут обеспечить производство конкурентоспособной продукции. Одной из причин неэффективного развития отрасли растениеводства региона является нерациональное использование сельских территорий, их природного, демографического, экономического потенциалов. В последние годы сократились площади посева под зерновыми (на 7,5 тыс. га, или на 19,6) и кормовыми культурами (на 4,8 тыс. га, или на 4,1), но наблюдается увеличение площади посадки картофеля (на 102 га, или на 12). Применение экстенсивных технологий не позволяет обеспечить высокую урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. Она колеблется по зерновым культурам в пределах 11 16 ц/га, картофелю 179 220 ц/га, сену 16 17 ц/га, зелёному корму 72 225 ц/га. Повышение эффективности развития отрасли растениеводства возможно за счёт внедрения инновационных направлений: системы семеноводства сельскохозяйственных культур, организации интенсивного производства и освоения новых и усовершенствованных индустриальных технологий, использования биоклиматического потенциала, научно обоснованного размещения производства отдельных сельскохозяйственных культур. Расчёты показали, что при внедрении инновационных технологий урожайность картофеля может увеличиться на 59,7 ц/га, или на 27,1, а зерна на 16 ц/га, или на 114,3, при снижении себестоимости на 28,5 и 18,4 и увеличении рентабельности в 3,3 и 2,8 раза соответственно. Рост урожайности зелёной массы и сена однолетних и многолетних трав в 2,6 раза приведёт к снижению себестоимости их производства на 41,5 и 23,2 соответственно и снижению доли затрат на корма в структуре себестоимости продукции животноводства.The results of the analysis of the current state of the crop production branch in the Kostroma region and the main directions of its innovative development are considered. The branch is characterized by a low level of intensity of conducting production, an unstable level of profitability and a low rate of marketability. Ineffective technological processes in the branch cannot provide the production of competitive products. One of the reasons for the inefficient development of the crop production branch in the region is the irrational use of rural territories, their natural, demographic, and economic potentials. In recent years planting acreage under grain crops have been reduced (by 7.5 thousand ha, or 19.6) and fodder crops (by 4.8 thousand ha, or 4.1) but there has been an increase in the planted area of potatoes (on 102 hectares, or 12). The use of extensive technologies does not allow for high crop yields. It varies between 11 16 kg/ha for crops, 179 220 kg/ha for potatoes, 16 17 kg/ha for hay, and 72 225 kg/ha for green fodder. Improving the efficiency of the development of the crop production branch is possible through the introduction of innovative directions: a system of seed farming of crops, the organization of intensive production and the development of new and improved industrial technologies, the use of bioclimatic potential and the scientifically based distribution of production of individual crops. Calculations showed that with the introduction of innovative technologies the potato yield may be increased by 59.7 kg/ha, or 27.1, and grain by 16 kg/ha or 114.3 while reducing the cost by 28.5 and 18.4 and an increase in profitability by 3.3 and 2.8 times respectively. Increase in the yield of green mass and hay of annual and perennial grasses by 2.6 times will lead to a decrease in the cost of their production by 41.5 and 23.2, respectively and a decrease in the share of feed costs in the structure of the cost of livestock production.

scholarly journals Fishing gear and devices for catching fish from fish ponds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Alekseevich Kostrykin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Time Of Year

The article is focused on the problems of protection of biological resources and their habitats, the construction of new and improvement of existing fish breeding enterprises, the introduction of modern automation and mechanization of the most labor-intensive stages in the production of fish is a set of priority measures for the development of fish farming aimed at increasing fish production in inland freshwater bodies. Harvesting the fish ponds, regardless of their category, is a difficult and energy-intensive process. Choosing the type of fishing gear and fishing methods used to catch fish ponds primarily depends on the type of reservoir, the state of its hydraulic char-acteristics, as well as the type of fish caught and the time of year. The main categories of water bodies by the method of fish fishing and their features are considered. The used fishing gears are divided into 3 groups according to the principle of fish retention: entangling nets, strainers and sta-tionary gears (traps). It is noted that when fishing in the ponds, it is necessary to take into account the behavior and distribution of the fish. The effective methods for catching pond fish with different fishing gear are presented. The choice of the optimal fishing gear or device for fishing ponds will allow you to clearly plan and coordinate the work of the enterprise, since pond fishing is carried out in the shortest possible time, depending on the timing and needs of the market.

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of production of herbal granules

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Vitalii Kovalenko ◽  
Taras Hutsol ◽  
Nataliia Kovalenko ◽  
Michal Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Cost

Improving production efficiency, increasing gross and marketable output is inextricably linked to comprehensive intensification, that is, with the growth of additional investments in the development of agricultural production. The increase in capital investments is the basis for strengthening and improving the material and technical base, and for implementing scientific and technological progress. Increasing the intensity of agriculture and animal husbandry contributes to more efficient use of land and livestock, increasing crop yields and livestock productivity. The main link between crop production and animal husbandry is feed production. Creating a solid feed base is the most important condition for the development of animal husbandry. Its state and level of development determine the possibility of increasing the number of animals, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products and reducing the cost of the latter. It is proved that the level of productivity of animals by 50-80% is determined by their feeding. Due to the importance of feed, it is necessary that their production is ahead of the pace of needs (growth of livestock and its productivity). When forming a feed base, it is important to take into account not only the total volume of feed that will ensure the production of a certain amount of products, but also their balance with nutrients. As a rule, feed, namely green feed, silage, haylage, is not a commodity product, that is, there are no permanent markets for them. These types of feed are grown by those farms that are engaged in animal husbandry and must create their own raw material base for obtaining the main feed.

scholarly journals تطبيق مربي الأسماك للتوصيات العلمية في مجال تربية الأسماك في محافظة واسط

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 471-486
Author(s):  
Sabah Salah Mohammed Al-Darraji
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Training Courses

The research aims to determine the level of Application breeder fish of scientific recommendations in the field of fish farming in Wasit province, and to identify the level of Application breeder fish of scientific recommendations in the field of fish breeding for each axis of the following themes (feeding fish, creating fish ponds, the follow-up health status of the fish). The research covered all fish farmers in Wasit province's (143) educator. Chosen proportionally stratified random sample of 35% and a way for random sampling of the number of individuals who have undergone research procedures (50) educator. The results showed that the level of Application breeder fish of scientific recommendations in each of the areas of focus of breeding fish (fish feed, creating fish ponds, the follow-up health status of the fish) was average tends to decline. Based on the results suggest the need to intensify efforts to inform educators about the importance and the need to use the correct methods in fish breeding and giving priority when planning programs guide way own jam fish and the emphasis on the use of successful management in the management of fish farms through the application of sound scientific recommendations that lead to the lifting of fish farm productivity, and the establishment of continuous training courses for

scholarly journals Technologies of carp growing and their features

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Loboiko ◽  
Ye. O. Barylo ◽  
Yu. R. Vachko ◽  
B. S. Barylo ◽  
I. R. Rachkivska
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Fish Productivity

Carp is one of the few fish farms for which a wide range of technologies has been developed: from extensive, with minimal human intervention in the formation of fish productivity of the reservoir, to intensive, with the most controlled production conditions. Carp has many biological features, enhanced by centuries of breeding work, making this fish extremely “technological”, able to more or less fully realize the genetically determined bioproductive properties of different breeding technologies. Technologies for growing commercial carp according to the level of intensification of the production process can be divided into extensive (grazing), semi-intensive, intensive, and continuous, as a distinct type of intensive technology for growing carp in ponds and pools. Extensive technology assumes that the fish will feed exclusively on natural food, zooplankton, and bottom fauna. In this case, the cost of growing carp will be the lowest; the fish will be called “ecological”, but the growth of individuals will be insignificant. Semi-intensive technology assumes that carp feed on natural feeds, and their energy needs are met by providing carbohydrate additives to feed. Intensive technology believes that carp feeding with compound feeds with high protein content is used, which allows achieving productivity of 3–20 tons/ha. This system requires the highest costs, although it gives the highest performance. The pond must provide additional aeration and water flow to prevent contamination of the reservoir and the development of fish diseases. The main disadvantage of popular carp growing technologies is their staging. All operations are carried out strictly one after another in specialized ponds. Moreover, each stage ends with the descent of the tanks, and the fish are transplanted several times from one to another (from spawning to juvenile, from them to nursery). During this, the carp is injured, which negatively affects its productivity and inevitably leads to waste. To remedy this, fish farming is now using continuous rearing technology. The choice of technology for growing carp is a responsible task on which the profitability of fisheries depends.

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI KARYAWAN SUCOFINDO (KOPERASI SUCOFINDO JAYA) TAHUN 2009 – 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sri Marti Pramudena
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the financial position and financial performance Cooperative Sucofindo Jaya (KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA) from fiscal year 2009-2011 through a comparative analysis / comparisons and ratio analysis. From the research, the authors obtained a picture that results of the financial position and financial performance of KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA as follows: (1) To Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows the overall unfavorable developments as the rise of short-term debt experienced a greater percentage increase than the increase in current assets (2) For Horizontal Analysis of the SHU, SHU in 2010 an increase of 125.38% compared to 2009 and in 2011 increased by 282.47% compared to 2009, but this increase was not followed by a reduction in the burden of cost of goods, especially business and this increase was obtained from the contribution percentage increase in other income. (3) For Vertical Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows that in terms of assets, current assets are assets that make up the largest component but also cause considerable investment value embedded in current assets and also showed asset turnover, receivables turnover and working capital is very low under 1 times. (4) For the SHU Vertical analysis shows that income JAYA KOPSUCOFINDO more than 85% absorbed in the Cost of Goods. (5) For liquidity analysis showed that highly liquid KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA obtain an average value above 400%. (6) For solvency analysis shows that the performance is not good / not solvable because the results of the analysis LITA average of above 95%, Total Debt to Equity Ratio in the top 2.000%, and Net Worth Debt Ratio to average below 4%. (7) For activity ratios indicate that the performance is not good for Turnover of Assets value of 1 times. (8) For the rentability analysis KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA show results for ROA of 0.86% (2009), 1.31% (2010), 1.18% (2011), ROE in 2009 is 14.81%, 26.43% in 2010 and 2011 amounted to 31.11%, for the ROI of 0.56% in 2009, in 2010 was 0.96% and by 0.93% in 2011. (9) For the analysis of profitability, for the analysis of GPM in 2009 amounted to 1.49%, in 2010 of 2.31% and 3.92% in 2011. As for the analysis of NPM in 2009 amounted to 0.97%, in 2010 by 1.70% and by 3.10% in 2011. Keywords:  Cooperative Financial Performance, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, Analysis of Liquidity, Solvency Analysis, Activity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, profitability analysis

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

Typical errors and violations of biotechnics of artificial breeding of pacific salmon

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Strict Compliance

In two parts of the article, more than 70 errors and violations of the Biotechnics of artificial breeding of Pacific salmon in salmon hatcheries are collected and summarized, which lead to an immediate or delayed deterioration of the quality of reared fry and a decrease in their survival rate. Deviations from the biological basis of fish farming are shown and possible consequences of such errors or violations are predicted. In the first part of the article (#7,2020) there were General errors (throughout the entire fish-breeding process), as well as violations of Biotechnics during the work with producers, collecting eggs and preparing them for incubation, in the second part-violations of Biotechnics during the incubation of eggs, holding pre-larvae, rearing and release of young. Their correction, prevention or minimization of consequences will significantly improve the quality of sexual products and offspring from producers, increase the linear and weight gain of juveniles during rearing, improve the coefficient of feed payment, reduce the time of rearing, improve the epizootic situation by developing immunity in fry and mobilizing other protective reactions of their body, significantly reduce waste at all stages of the production process, increasing survival by 10–15%. In conclusion, it is noted that the first and most important condition for an efficient salmon hatchery is the creation of optimal environmental conditions at each stage of the production process. The second condition is strict compliance with the Biotechnics of artificial salmon breeding and the complex of veterinary and sanitary, fish-breeding and meliorative and therapeutic and preventive measures. The third is the availability of competent specialists who regularly improve their skills in accredited Universities to implement, control and manage the first two conditions.

Results of a comparative study of the use of fodder worms of two breeds for pool growing of young tilapy and clary catfish in the conditions of the Almaty

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Z. Bolatbekova ◽  
S. Assylbekova ◽  
B. Kulatayev ◽  
S. Koishybayeva ◽  
N. Bulavina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Breeding Zone ◽  
Improved Methods

The aryicle presents the results of a comparative study of the biochemical composition of earthworms of dendrobene and prospector rocks, the peculiarities of their cultivation and their use for feeding when growing juvenile tilapia and clary catfish. The experience of cultivating earthworms of two breeds using the improved methods of foreign authors is described. The results of a study of the biochemical composition of cultivated objects that determine their nutritional value for feeding fish are presented. The fish-breeding and biological indicators of juvenile tilapia and clary catfish, obtained during the cultivation of dendrobene and prospector in fish farming in the Almaty region (VI fish-breeding zone) during worm feeding, are analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the studied indicators made it possible to assign a certain rating place to each worm breed in relation to its use as fish feed.

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