scholarly journals Gestión pública, privada y acción colectiva en la cuenca del río Portoviejo: visiones y conflictos

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Byron Vicente Coral ◽  
Dámaso Javier Vicente Blanco ◽  
Joaquín Romano Velasco

  El agua es un bien común cuyo modelo de gestión puede provocar grandes conflictos si en él no están incorporados los intereses, raíces culturales y criterios de sostenibilidad de los participantes. En Ecuador existe una importante tradición y experiencia en comunidades campesinas e indígenas para la gestión de bienes que no son ni públicos ni privados, sino comunales. Un caso especial lo constituye la transferencia de la parte baja del sistema de riego Poza Honda a una comunidad de regantes organizados en la Junta General de Usuarios del Sistema de Riego Rocafuerte. En este contexto se analiza la política pública de riego y los modelos de gestión desarrollados con su implementación. Para ello revisamos el efecto que han producido las reformas legales en la gestión del agua a partir de un estudio de caso que involucra una muestra de productores familiares ubicados en la cuenca.   Palabras clave: Ecuador, política pública, sostenibilidad, acción colectiva, bienes comunes, economía del medio ambiente y recursos naturales.   ABSTRACT    Water is a common benefit, whose management model can lead to major conflicts, if is not consider to the interests, cultural roots and good judgement of the participants. In Ecuador, there is an important tradition and experience in the peasant and indigenous communities for the management of goods that are neither public nor private, but communal, widely studied from Ostrom (1990). A special case is the transfer of the lower part of the Poza Honda irrigation system to a community of irrigators organized in the General Meeting of Users of the Rocafuerte Irrigation System. In this context, we analyze the public policy of irrigation and the management models developed after its implementation. To do this, we review the effect of legal reforms on water management, based on a case study involving a sample of family producers located in the basin.   Key words: Ecuador, public policy, sustainability, collective action, common goods, economy of environment and natural resources.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Gabriela Castellanos Llanos

Resumen: Este ensayo es una reflexión sobre el terrorismo, mostrando su evolución a través de la historia y su exacerbación actual, señalando además que el terrorismo de Estado, a pesar de ser la forma más mortífera, tiende a ser públicamente aceptada. De igual forma, enfatiza que el ataque a las Torres Gemelas se ha utilizado para justificar ataques preventivos, torturas y hasta la suspensión de la protección legal a prisioneros, y se pregunta cuál debe ser la política pública para combatir el terrorismo de una manera ética, mostrando por qué la solución del mal menor propuesta por Michael Ignatieff es sólo un viejo truco argumentativo y no conduce a cambios reales. Por ello, se insiste en el diálogo como forma de garantizar el reconocimiento de la diversidad, la defensa de los derechos civiles y el fortalecimiento de la democracia. Finalmente, se analizan diversos aspectos del militarismo, mostrando las relaciones de esta tendencia con el género y especí- ficamente con la masculinidad. Palabras clave: ética, terrorismo, militarismo, masculinidad, género Abstract: This essay reflects on terrorism, showing its evolution throughout history and its present-day exacerbation, also pointing out that terrorism on the part of the State, in spite of being the most deadly form, tends to be accepted by the public. Likewise, it stresses the way the 9/11 attack has been used to justify preemptive attacks, torture and even the suspension of political protection to prisoners, and asks what type of public policy must be used to fight terrorism in an ethical manner, showing why Michael Ignatieff’s proposal of the lesser evil is only an old argumentative trick and leads to no real changes. Therefore, there is an insistence on dialogue as the way to guarantee the recognition of diversity, the defense of civil rights and the strengthening of democracy. Finally, diverse aspects of militarism are analyzed, showing the relations between this tendency and gender, specifically with masculinity.Key words: ethics, terrorism, militarism, masculinity, gender


2018 ◽  
pp. 173-200
Author(s):  
Felipe Salles ◽  
Robson Grassi

O artigo avalia a política pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (C,T&I) do Governo do Estado Espírito Santo, no período 2012 – 2015, por meio da análise da elaboração e execução orçamentária, a partir de dados do Plano Plurianual (PPA) do referido período. A partir de análise teórica e metodológica a respeito de indicadores de C,T&I e de componentes do orçamento público, o desempenho financeiro dos programas e ações estaduais de C,T&I é avaliado de forma a identificar os eixos prioritários de atuação da política pública e sua execução em termos orçamentários. Mostra-se que gastos substanciais no período foram realizados com ações voltadas para as áreas de trabalho e educação profissional, que revelam falta de foco da política, além de evidenciarem a forte desproporção do volume de recursos destinados à pesquisa científica em detrimento do setor produtivo, fatos que mostram a necessidade de correções de rumo a respeito de como funciona um maduro sistema de C,T&I. Isso significa que a análise detalhada da elaboração e da execução orçamentárias, além de se revelarem importante fonte de dados sobre as políticas públicas de C,T&I, são requisitos fundamentais para o aprimoramento da política para as referidas áreas, pois permitem um maior refinamento tanto no planejamento como na execução de tal política. O Espírito Santo, apesar do esforço dos últimos governos, ainda apresenta indicadores de C,T&I que evidenciam grande atraso relativo frente aos Estados mais desenvolvidos. Assim, conclui-se que, para a elaboração de uma autêntica Política de Estado para as áreas de C,T&I, além do aporte de maior volume de recursos, é necessário um mínimo de planejamento estratégico e ativa coordenação governamental para as referidas áreas, e a análise da elaboração e execução orçamentárias deve ser parte integrante deste processo.Palavras-chave: Orçamento; Ciência, tecnologia e inovação; Economia Capixaba.  ABSTRACTThe article evaluates the public policy of science, technology and innovation (STI) of the Government of the State of Espírito Santo, in the period 2012-2015, by analyzing the elaboration and execution of the budget, based on data from the Pluriannual Plan of that period. Based on theoretical and methodological analysis of STI and public budget components, the financial performance of the STI programs and actions is evaluated in order to identify the priority axes of public policy and its execution in budgetary terms. It is shown that substantial expenditures in the period were carried out with actions focused on the areas of work and professional education, which reveal a lack of focus of the policy, besides evidencing the strong disproportion of the volume of resources destined to scientific research to the detriment of the productive sector, facts that show the need for course corrections regarding how a mature system of STI works. This means that the detailed analysis of budget elaboration and execution, besides proving an important source of data on STI public policies, are fundamental requirements for the improvement of the policy for these areas, since they allow a greater refinement both in the planning and execution of such policy. The State of Espírito Santo, despite the efforts of the last governments, still presents indicators of STI that show a great delay in relation to the more developed states. Thus, it is concluded that, in order to elaborate an authentic state policy for the areas of STI, in addition to providing more resources, a minimum of strategic planning and active governmental coordination is necessary for these areas, and the analysis of budget preparation and execution should be an integral part of this process.Keywords: Budget; Science, technology and innovation; Capixaba economy.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Lucía Sandoval ◽  
María Estela Ortega Rubí

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to analyze the participation of different stakeholders, resulting from the implementation of the Public Policy Magical Towns, aimed at sustainable development of Villa Tapijulapa. This investigation is currently underway, however it has been observed that it has been funded development projects, through various government institutions that contribute to Magic Towns Program, which has not been successful, in addition there is a misuse system resources. These issues are presented by the complexity of cooperation, multiplicity of participants and perspectives; and the various attitudes and degrees of involvement of the various stakeholders. As the analysis of the social capital of the community and the characteristics of the agency charged with implementing achieve identify areas of opportunity to propose strategies for improvement.RESUMENEl propósito de ésta investigación es analizar la participación de los diferentes actores sociales, derivada de la implementación de la Política Pública de Pueblos Mágicos, dirigida al desarrollo sustentable de Villa Tapijulapa. Esta investigación actualmente se encuentra en proceso, sin embargo se ha podido observar que han sido financiados proyectos de desarrollo, a través de diferentes instituciones gubernamentales que coadyuvan al Programa de Pueblos Mágicos, los cuales no han sido exitosos, además de existir, un mal uso del sistema de recursos naturales. Estas problemáticas se presentan por la complejidad de la cooperación, multiplicidad de participantes y perspectivas; así como las diversas actitudes y grados de compromiso de los diferentes actores sociales. Por lo que el análisis del capital social de la comunidad y de las características de la agencia encargada de la implementación lograrán detectar las áreas de oportunidad para proponer estrategias de mejora.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Antonio Solís Lima ◽  
María Catalina Ovando Chico ◽  
Emmanuel Olivera Pérez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Lozada

In order to trigger economic and technological development in Mexico, the government of this country is trying different ways to boost innovation. One of them is through the public policy "Program of Stimuli for Innovation (PSI)". This consists of granting subsidies to companies for the development and commercialization of technological innovations that trigger new markets. However, although annual reports of the PSI management have been generated, studies conducted to evaluate this program in terms of industrial property appropriation are still unknown. For the foregoing, the object of this studywas to evaluate the PSI to know its national impact in terms of appropriation of industrial property in the period 2009-2016. The evaluation consisted of making a quantitative, statistical, descriptive and inferential analysis of the PSI, using databases generated by Mexican public institutions. The results of this research showed that although the PSI grants motivated the link between research centers and companies for the development of innovative technologies, the appropriation of industrial property managed by Mexicans was modest. Likewise, it was found that the grants were not granted in an equitable manner to the different types of companies that participated in the program. Concluding that it is necessary to evaluate and supervise this public policy with objective indicators that allow it to be more effective. It is expected that this study will contribute to making a proposal for improvement to this public policy that contributes to the economic and technological growth of this country.


Author(s):  
Francisco Helson Do Carmo Alcantara

WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES OF RURAL EDUCATION PRESENT IN THE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES OF THE BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS OF THE SEATING PROJECT CIPÓ CANAÃ, ESPERANTINÓPOLIS – MA?¿CUÁLES LOS PRINCIPIOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN DEL CAMPO PRESENTES EN LAS PRÁCTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE LAS ESCUELAS DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA DEL PROYECTO DE ASENTAMIENTO CIPÓ CANAÃ, ESPERANTINÓPOLIS – MA?Visando à compreensão do universo educacional a partir da política pública de educação básica para o campo no Brasil, são discutidos, neste artigo, os princípios da Educação do Campo presentes nas práticas pedagógicas das escolas do Projeto de Assentamento Cipó Canaã, Esperantinópolis – MA. Ciente das contradições existentes no sistema educacional, determinadas pelas referências de produção da sociedade capitalista, traz-se a lume, através de observações, as relações dos sujeitos envolvidos nas escolas investigadas. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise de dados da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEMED), levantamentos bibliográficos, entrevistas e questionário com perguntas abertas, abordando elementos qualitativos e quantitativos. Discute-se, também, o distanciamento das escolas do Projeto de Assentamento Cipó Canaã, no que se refere à proposta de Educação do Campo. Verificou-se que, mesmo as escolas fazendo parte de um Projeto de Assentamento da reforma agrária, os sujeitos envolvidos encontram-se à margem das discussões da construção da Educação do Campo, pois as concepções e práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no referido P. A. mais se aproximam da educação rural.Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo; Práticas Pedagógicas; Políticas Educacionais; Povos do Campo.ABSTRACTAiming at understanding the educational universe based on the public policy of basic education for the countryside in Brazil, this article discusses the principles of Field Education present in the pedagogical practices of the schools of the Cipó Canaã Settlement Project, Esperantinópolis – MA. Aware of the contradictions existing in the educational system, determined by the production references of capitalist society, the relations of the subjects involved in the schools investigated are brought to light through observations. To do so, a data analysis of the Municipal Education Department (SEMED), bibliographical surveys, interviews and a questionnaire with open questions was carried out, addressing qualitative and quantitative elements. It is also discussed the distancing of schools from the Cipó Canaã Settlement Project, as far as the Field Education proposal is concerned. It was verified that, even the schools being part of a Land Reform Settlement Project, the subjects involved are on the sidelines of the discussions about the construction of the Field Education, since the pedagogical conceptions and practices developed in the P.A. more closely approximate the rural education.Keywords: Field Education; Pedagogical Practices; Educational Policies; Peoples of the Field.RESUMENCon vistas a la comprensión del universo educativo a partir de la política pública de educación básica para el campo en Brasil, se discuten en este artículo los principios de la Educación del Campo presentes en las prácticas pedagógicas de las escuelas del Proyecto de Asentamiento Cipó Canaã, Esperantinópolis – MA. Es consciente de las contradicciones existentes en el sistema educativo, determinadas por las referencias de producción de la sociedad capitalista, se trae a la luz, a través de observaciones, las relaciones de los sujetos involucrados en las escuelas investigadas. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de datos de la Secretaría Municipal de Educación (SEMED), encuestas bibliográficas, entrevistas y cuestionario con preguntas abiertas, abordando elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se discute, también, el distanciamiento de las escuelas del Proyecto de Asentamiento Cipó Canaã, en lo que se refiere a la propuesta de Educación del Campo. Se verificó que, incluso las escuelas formando parte de un Proyecto de Asentamiento de la reforma agraria, los sujetos involucrados se encuentran al margen de las discusiones de la construcción de la Educación del Campo, pues las concepciones y prácticas pedagógicas desarrolladas en el referido P.A. más se aproximan a la “educación rural”.Palabras clave: Educación del Campo; Prácticas Pedagógicas; Políticas Educativas; Pueblos del Campo.


Author(s):  
Govanny Jiménez Valencia ◽  
John Enrique Félix Mera ◽  
Jose Ramón Alarcón Loor

Cuantification of Catarama irrigation system recharge by Renata Model Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es cuantificar la recarga de agua generada en el sistema de riego Catarama (Cuenca del río Catarama) perteneciente a la provincia de Los Ríos (Ecuador), mediante la aplicación del modelo numérico RENATA (Recarga NATural a los Acuíferos) desarrollado por el Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) y la Diputación de Alicante. En el estudio se calculan los volúmenes de agua que son generados por la infiltración ocasionada por la lluvia y por el retorno de riego proveniente de las dotaciones de agua asignadas a los diferentes cultivos existentes en la zona. Para la determinación de la recarga se consideraron diferentes variables climáticas influyentes como precipitación, temperatura, evapotranspiración potencial y real; así como las diferentes características de los suelos del sector. A partir de estas variables RENATA pudo generar los resultados de la modelación en el sistema de riego, en base a los datos obtenidos de series climáticas mensuales correspondientes al periodo enero 2005 - diciembre 2014, obteniendo durante este tiempo una recarga teórica de 57,139 Hm3 en un área total aproximada de 6047 ha. Palabras clave: RENATA; variable; precipitación; recarga; infiltración; riego. Abstract In this article, the water recharge in the Catarama irrigation system (Catarama river basin), Los Ríos, Ecuador is quantified through the application of the RENATA numerical model (Natural Aquifer recharge) developed by the Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) and Diputación de Alicante. The study calculates the volumes of water generated by the infiltration caused by rainfull and the return of irrigation from the water assigned to the different crops in the area. To determine the recharge, different influential climatic variables were considered: precipitation, temperature, potential and the current evapotranspiration; as well as the different characteristics of the sector’s soils. From these variables, RENATA was able to generate the results of the irrigation system modeling, based on the data obtained from monthly climatic series corresponding to the period January 2005 - December 2014, getting during this time a theoretical recharge of 57,139 Hm3, in an approximate total area of 6047 ha. Keywords: RENATA; Variable; Precipitation; Recharge; Infiltration; Irrigation.


ECA Sinergia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Lisandra Mentado Pérez ◽  
Beatriz Mentado Pérez

  El proceso de expedición y aduana incluye las operaciones de importación y exportación de mercancía hacia el país, es la vía donde se realiza la tramitación aduanera por parte del Agente de Aduana teniendo bajo su responsabilidad tres aspectos de mucha importancia: La valoración aduanera, mediante la cual se determina la base imponible que determina el pago de los gravámenes; la clasificación arancelaria, por medio de la cual se fijan las preferencias arancelarias que puedan tener las mercancías negociadas en los Tratados de Libre Comercio, y la descripción de las mercancías e inscripción de los productos en las bases de datos de Aduana. Este proceso incluye además los requisitos necesarios para el transporte de los productos de unos países a otros. Para realizar adecuadamente las operaciones de importación y exportación de las mercancías, tanto por la vía aérea como marítima, de acuerdo con la legislación vigente al respecto, es que se desarrolló el presente trabajo, con el objetivo principal de proponer un procedimiento de control, para mejorar el proceso de expedición y aduana en el área logística de SHERRITT-Cubapetróleo. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos para fundamentar los resultados. Se partió de la creación del mapa de procesos, describiéndose los mismos para diagnosticar las principales deficiencias que afectan la actividad logística de la entidad y se desarrolló una propuesta de procedimiento para la mejora de los procesos que se llevan a cabo en esta área, en base al seguimiento y medición a través de la definición de indicadores que contribuyen al control con enfoque de sistema.   Palabras clave: procesos administrativos, política pública   ABSTRACT   The process of issuing and customs includes import and export operations of merchandise to the country, it is the way where the customs processing is carried out by the Customs Agent having under his responsibility three aspects of great importance: Customs valuation, through the which determines the tax base that determines the payment of the liens; the tariff classification, by means of which the tariff preferences that the goods negotiated in the Free Trade Agreements may have, and the description of the goods and registration of the products in the Customs databases. This process also includes the necessary requirements for the transportation of products from one country to another. To adequately perform the operations of import and export of goods, both the air and sea, in accordance with the legislation in force in this respect, it is that this work was developed with the aim of proposing a monitoring process, to improve the process of forwarding and customs in the logistics area of SHERRITT-Cubapetroleo. Theoretical and empirical methods were used to substantiate the results. It departed from the creation of the process map, describing them to diagnose the main deficiencies affecting the logistics activities of the entity and developed a proposal for a procedure for the improvement of the processes that are conducted in this area, based on monitoring and measuring through the definition of indicators that contribute to the control with focus on system.   Key words: administrative processes, public policy


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 0205-0220
Author(s):  
Ivana Bognar ◽  
Márcia Santos Ferreira

RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma discussão sobre os avanços e retrocessos da política pública de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) implantada no estado de Mato Grosso (MT/Brasil), a partir de 2008, com a criação dos Centros de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CEJAs). Documentos oficiais, pesquisas realizadas sobre os Centros, assim como informações sobre a experiência do Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos Cleonice Miranda da Silva, que funciona no município de Colíder/MT, foram empregadas para a elaboração de uma interpretação dos processos de criação e funcionamento da proposta pedagógica dos CEJAs em Mato Grosso. A investigação realizada evidenciou que, além da concentração destes espaços formativos em um número reduzido de municípios do estado, a proposta pedagógica original foi significativamente alterada já em seus primeiros anos de funcionamento. As informações coletadas apontam para a descontinuidade da política de formação empreendida pelos governos que se sucederam no período em estudo, que não assumiram os CEJAs como integrantes de uma política de Estado de caráter emancipatório, optando por políticas de governo marcadas pelo “aligeiramento” dos processos de escolarização destinado aos sujeitos jovens, adultos e idosos. Atualmente, o estado de Mato Grosso vive um momento de retrocesso em relação à política pública que originou os CEJAs, uma vez que os Centros que continuam em funcionamento tiveram sua proposta pedagógica alterada, com destaque às preocupações financeiras em detrimento da qualidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos promovida pelo Estado. ABSTRACT. The objective of this work is to conduct a discussion about the advances and setbacks of the public policy of Youth and Adult Education (EJA) implemented in the state of Mato Grosso (MT / Brazil), from 2008 on, with the establishment of Youth and Adult Education Centers (Cejas). Official documents, research carried out about the Centers, as well as information about the experience of Cleonice Miranda da Silva Youth and Adult Education Center, which operates in the municipality of Colíder / MT, were used to elaborate an interpretation of the creation and pedagogical proposal of Cejas in Mato Grosso. The research undertaken showed that, in addition to the concentration of these formative spaces in a reduced number of municipalities of the state, the original pedagogical proposal was significantly modified already in its first years of operation. The information collected points to the discontinuity of the training policy undertaken by the governments that succeeded in the period under study, which did not support the maintenance of a state policy of emancipatory character, replacing it with government policies marked by the "streamlining" of the schooling process for youngsters, adult and elderly subjects. Nowadays, the state of Mato Grosso is experiencing a moment of step backwards in relation to the public policy that originated the Cejas. On the other hand, the Centers that continue to operate had their pedagogical proposal changed, highlighting the financial concerns to the detriment of the quality of Youth and Adult Education promoted by the State.


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