DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABOR RESOURCE BASE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND RURAL AREAS OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Liudmila Vasilevna Bondarenko ◽  
Vladimir Gennadevich Novikov ◽  
Olga Anatolevna IAkovleva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Labor Resource

scholarly journals Economic development of rural areas in relation to the concept of building the competitiveness of regions

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Melnyk ◽  
Nataliia Dobizha ◽  
Oleh Pohrishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Economic Capacity

The article touches upon the issue of economic development of rural areas in relation to the concept of building competitiveness of regions. The author unfolds the concepts of competitiveness of regions and rural areas. Another concern of the study is to show a range of further prospects for the growth of rural areas. It is claimed that there is a need to build competitiveness of rural areas by strengthening economic capacity, resource base, human resources, marketing, production, and innovative and entrepreneurial potential. Particular attention is drawn to social and economic benefits resulted from the development of rural areas under the conditions of decentralization. The author argues that one of the basic elements forming the concept of competitiveness of regions and the target priority of agricultural policies is the competitiveness of rural areas, the development of local initiatives, and using resources that have not been previously utilized. Thus, the main direction is social and economic growth in all sectors of the economy. The integrated and multifunctional development of rural areas includes not only agricultural activities, but also the growth of entrepreneurship, tourism and creating a livable environment in such areas. It is emphasized that the functional impact on the competitiveness of each region has the following features: region’s specialization, business environment, entrepreneurship, inter-territorial capacity for the economic growth, effective collaboration of local self-government bodies, business entities and locals for solving the problem of building the competitiveness of region. The author comes to the conclusion that the economic development of rural areas depends on the growth in the agricultural sector and is aimed at solving social problems, building the competitiveness of regions and effective use of their economic capacity.

The Relationship between the Development of Human Capital and the Agricultural Economy in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
B.A. Voronin ◽  
◽  
I.P. Chupina ◽  
Ya.V. Voronina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses a non-standard view of the formation of human capital for work in organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy, in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. In the classical sense, human capital for agriculture should be formed and developed in rural areas. But in real life, this is not always the case, because there are many factors that prevent the classical solution of this problem. First, the demographic factor affects, second, social and household factors, and third, in many rural areas there are no working agricultural organizations where qualified agricultural specialists can work. All these and other circumstances actualize the problem of the quality of human capital in rural areas in relation to the development of agricultural production.

Growth of Rural Indebtedness in Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-341
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Utilisation Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The problem of indebtedness among the rural households of Punjab was become more serious in the last two decades. A large number of studies were carried out in India and abroad to look into the problem of rural indebtedness and its consequences but most of these studies are either based upon a very small sample of a few districts or cover the farmers only. The present study would be wider in scope as it was also included artisans, agricultural labourers (non- cultivators) along with the farmers (cultivators). This study analysed the situation of Punjab as a whole and district wise analysis was done. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to analyse the growth of indebtedness among the rural households in Punjab and attempt was made to explain the utilisation pattern of loan used by rural households and tried to trace out how the situation of household indebtedness in the Punjab evolved and changed over the course of about ten years. The study will be helpful to planners, academicians, researchers as well as policymakers for solving the problem of indebtedness among rural households for the betterment of the society as a whole. It is suggested that encouragement should be given to subsidiary occupations, improvement in access to health at subsidised rate in rural areas to curb the indebtedness and to monitor the informal mechanism of credit by Government and financial institutions along with availability of the appropriate delivery of credit into the agricultural as well as non-agricultural sector of rural areas by eliminating costly sources of money lenders for the accurate functioning of the economy.

Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olesya Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

Assessment of Regional Inequality in Female Work Participation: Measurement of Disparity and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sheuli Ray ◽  
Manoj Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Work Participation

The regional difference of complex Indian social structure and customs have a different impact on the nature of women’s work participation. The present study aims at unravelling the influence of social, cultural and economic forces in differentiating the level of women work participation in different eco-regions of West Bengal. The study is based purely on secondary sources and data have been collected from the Census of India. It is in the rural areas that the female work participation is directly linked to agriculture and allied activities and the study confines itself to an understanding of work participation of women only in the rural areas. The modern technological implication as a result of green revolution has a worse impact on women work participation particularly in the South Bengal plain and some parts of East Rarh Plain region. The high gender gap is noticed in Nadia district located in the middle part of South Bengal Plain causes very high withdrawn of female from there. Effect of socioeconomic variables, work participation of Scheduled component in main economic activity is also varied from the non-scheduled component. Non-scheduled worker participated more in non-agricultural sector rather than the scheduled counter parts. Subsequently, the low growth rate of female work participation represents a distress picture in work force structure which is a cause of worried also.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Jakub Jasiński ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Maciej Sołtysik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Capacity Market

The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 by shifting to a clean circular economy, combating biodiversity loss and reducing pollution levels. In Poland, whose economy invariably remains one of the most dependent on coal consumption in Europe, institutional responses to the above EU objectives have taken the shape of energy cooperatives aimed at filling the gaps in the development of the civic dimension of energy on a local scale and the use of potential renewable energy sources in rural areas, including in relation to the agricultural sector. This article is a continuation of the authors’ previous research work, which has so far focused on the analysis of the development of profitability of Polish institutions that fit into the European idea of a “local energy community”, which includes energy cooperatives. In this research paper, they present the results of subsequent research work and analyses performed on the basis of it which, on the one hand, complement the previously developed optimization model with variables concerning actual energy storage and, on the other hand, analyze the profitability of the operation of energy cooperatives in the conditions of the “capacity market”. The latter was actually introduced in Poland at the beginning of 2021. The research took account of the characteristics of energy producers and consumers in rural areas of Poland, the legally defined rules for the operation of the capacity market and the institutional conditions for the operation of energy cooperatives that can use the potential of energy storage. A dedicated mathematical model in mixed integer programming technology was used, enriched with respect to previous research, making it possible to optimize the operation of energy cooperative with the use of actual energy storage (batteries). Conclusions from the research and simulation show that the installation of energy storage only partially minimizes the volume of energy drawn from the grid in periods when fees related to the capacity market are in force (which should be avoided due to higher costs for consumers). The analysis also indicates that a key challenge is the proper parameterization of energy storage.

scholarly journals Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Kenshi Baba ◽  
Eri Amanuma ◽  
Motoko Kosugi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Online Deliberation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Attitude Changes

This study set up online virtual communities consisting of farmers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and nonfarmers living in rural areas interested in agricultural production. We conducted a deliberation within the communities for 14 days on identifying important climate change adaptation policies for 30 years later under climate change impacts with the relevant knowledge from experts. During the deliberation, after self-introduction took place including the realization of climate change impacts, the participants were provided with the expert knowledge on impacts of climate change, adaptation policies in agricultural sector and so on, then the following discussions covered issues such as the distribution of agricultural produce, insufficient successors, and support for farmers, such as impacts on crops during disasters concerning future scenarios. Attitude changes before and after deliberation were observed in terms of the pros and cons of climate change adaptation policies in agriculture and rural areas, but statistically significant differences were not observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant change was observed in some determinants of the pros and cons, such as the perceived effectiveness and goal intention. This structural change results from that the participants became aware of a different perspective through deliberation. Thus, the online deliberation process was effective to some extent in increasing knowledge and promoting deeper understanding among participants during inquiry and reasoning was deepened in the process as they listened to the opinions of others in a different position with a different idea as well as read and search for scientific findings and information provided by experts.

THE BIOENERGY CROPS MARKET IN UKRAINE: TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hayda ◽  
◽  
Khrystyna Firman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Positive Tendency

In this article analyzes the development of trends of bioenergy crops market development in Ukraine and its current state are analysed. The possibility and feasibility of synergy of mutual development of bioenergy crops market and bio-oil market in Ukraine were noted. The necessity of state support and stimulation of bioenergy crops and different types of biofuels production in Ukraine was stated. A positive trend of growth of planted areas and production of rapeseed in Ukraine was revealed. During the study period (2013-2019) the production of rapeseed was increased by 1.4 times. The greatest energy potential for the production of bioethanol is in the sugar beet subcomplex of the agricultural sector. Over the past few years, the production of sugar beet was at its highest in 2014 (15.7 million tonnes), while the following years saw a decrease in cultivated areas of sugar beet and, consequently, a drop in its gross output - to 8.3 million tonnes in 2020. Significant resource potential for the production of bioethanol also have cereal crops (wheat, rye, barley, maize), the area under which during the last ten years remains relatively stable (14.4-15.3 million ha). Among grain crops the most effective raw material for the production of bioethanol is maize. A positive tendency of biennial growth of planted area under this crop is revealed. The space differentiation of resource base of bioenergy in Ukraine is prominent. The cluster analysis revealed three groups of areas based on the similarity of the energy resources for bioenergy purposes. Two clusters including Khmelnytskyi, Ternopil, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Sumy, Kirovograd, Poltava and Kyiv regions should be considered as the most promising areas for concentration of capacities in biofuel production. It is noted that the trajectory of development bioenergetic sector of the country is always conditioned by compromise between compliance with optimal levels of its energy and food security.

More is more. Livelihood interventions and child labor in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Chiodi ◽  
◽  
Verónica Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Hazardous Child Labor

What works to reduce child labor in agriculture? In this paper, we evaluate two randomized livelihood intervention programs, aimed to reduce child labor, particularly in its most exploitative forms, in rural areas of Peru and the Philippines. In the first randomized experiment, we evaluate a livelihood intervention provided to farmers in Peru that use the labor of their children on their family farms, accompanied by an education intervention aimed to improve the quality of schools and an awareness-raising intervention. In the second randomized experiment, we evaluate the incremental effect of the livelihood intervention implemented within a similar program in the Philippines, focused on the sugarcane agricultural sector. We find that when livelihood interventions were provided alone, they did not manage to improve economic conditions, and hence generally failed to reduce child labor rates in rural areas. However, when the livelihood intervention was combined with measures to improve the quality of education in Peru, we see a reduction in hazardous child labor and child labor overall. Awareness-raising interventions, aimed at changing the perceptions of parents through community interaction, appear to have also had an effect in the reduction of child labor, and these effects were reinforced by education interventions. Results indicate that a comprehensive approach including livelihood support with education and awareness-raising components is a more effective way to reduce child labor and hazardous labor for children in the agricultural sector.

MONITORING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384-2369
Author(s):  
V.G. Zakshevskiy ◽  
◽  
Z.V. Gavrilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Integral System ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Capital Development

The article discusses the problems that arise when monitoring the conditions for the development of human capital in rural areas, since, despite the sufficient number of works on monitoring the human capital in rural areas or the agricultural sector, the integral system of quantitative socio-economic indicators for assessing the human capital development conditions in rural areas remains poorly studied. First of all, a basic concept of monitoring is given, as well as an applied concept - monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas, which is understood as a system of constant monitoring, collection, registration, storage and analysis of several key parameters that assess the conditions for the formation and development of congenital and accumulated physical, mental and personal abilities and qualities of the population of rural areas, as well as acquiring knowledge and skills that can be used by them in order to deliver economic income or social effect. The monitoring process is presented in detail in the relationship of this category with concepts close to it (diagnostics, as a preliminary stage, monitoring as the main stage, appropriate policy development, as the final stage). The diversity of monitoring indicators used in the social sphere of human life is reflected: for rural areas, for the agrarian sphere, for the regional socio-economic system, for the development of municipalities' social and labor systems, for social factors of the region's development, etc. The authors' idea of an integral system of indicators for monitoring the human capital development conditions in rural areas is given, which is a combination of six blocks: health care, education, culture and sports, demography and migration, infrastructure, as well as socio-economic conditions.

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