scholarly journals Prospects for the development of relations and cooperation between Iran, Russia and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Mani Momeni ◽  
◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Larina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations

Тhe article talks about building diplomatic relations between Russia, China and Iran. They talk about building a Russia-China-Iran coalition, as well as about bilateral relations between these countries

scholarly journals Nexos entre México y Europa Centro-Oriental

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Mónika Szente-Varga
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Second World

The first diplomatic and consular relations were established between Mexico and the Habsburg Empire in the 1800 s, motivated basically by commerdal reasons and dynastic interests. These got to an abrupt end with the execution of Emperor Maximilian in Querétaro in 1867, and diplomatic relations were resumed only decades later, in 1901, which is, in fact, our starting point. This essay examines the development of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Central-Eastern Europe from the beginning of the 20'' centuiy until nowadays. It is divided into chronological chapters, where we study bilateral relations in the coordinates of the following periods: beginning of the century, the period between the two world wars, the Second World War, Cold War and recent years. The investigation in based on documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico (SRE-AHD) and of the Hungarian National Archive (MOL).

scholarly journals US-ROMANIAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Alexandru CRISTIAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Us

Based on 140 years of diplomatic relations made permanent and on almost 180 years of trade agreements, the US-Romanian relations evolved depending on the historicalcircumstances. Relations have grown stronger and more complex, to become permanent and eventually instrumentalized. The emergence of new diplomatic cooperation tools meant the professionalization and institutionalization of US-Romanian bilateral relations. July 11, 1997 – the launching date of the Strategic Partnership – is a historical turning point in the relations of the two countries, which has been beneficial for both stakeholders.Keywords: Strategic Partnership; United States of America; Romania; bilateral relations; pillars; trust; loyalty; cooperation.

Universal International Law

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I. Charney
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Uniform State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multilateral Treaties

In this shrinking world, states are increasingly interdependent and interconnected, a development that has affected international law. Early international law dealt with bilateral relations between autonomous states. The principal subjects until well into this century were diplomatic relations, war, treaties and the law of the sea. One of the most significant developments in international law during the twentieth century has been the expanded role played by multilateral treaties addressed to the common concerns of states. Often they clarify and improve rules of international law through the process of rendering them in binding written agreements. These treaties also promote the coordination of uniform state behavior in a variety of areas. International organizations, themselves the creatures of multilateral treaties, have also assumed increasing prominence in the last half of this century. They contribute to the coordination and facilitation of contemporary international relations on the basis of legal principles.

scholarly journals Génesis y primeros pasos determinantes del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Polonia (1921-1939)

Ad Americam ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Marcos Pablo Pablo Moloeznik Gruer
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Bilateral Relations

As the title of this work indicates, it is intended to carry out a review, description and analysis of the genesis and first steps determining the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Poland, for which the antecedents and historical evolution of these bilateral relations are discussed, its registration in 1928, as well as a brief description of the first diplomatic representatives of both States and the main obstacles of the initial bilateral relations.

scholarly journals Nigeria–China Relations: The Contemporary Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 1258-1265
Author(s):  
Dr. Adigbuo Ebere Richard
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
International System ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Relationship

2018 marks the 47th anniversary of Nigeria-China diplomatic relations. Nigeria’s relation with china is decisively important for the future of both countries and to an ever evolving international system. It is appropriate to understand the contemporary challenges facing this relationship. Thus, this article examines Sino-Nigeria relation with a view to providing a balance sheet of cost and benefits. To do this, the study rests on qualitative research method that examines and synthesizes extant literature on international relations and in particular relevant literature on Sino-Nigeria relations. It is thus discovered that in the bilateral relations between the two countries, China has gained more than Nigeria in terms of balance of trade and the unwillingness of China to transfer technology to Nigeria. Since the relationship is asymmetrical, the article concludes that China cannot solve Nigeria’s problem and that the latter must learn from China bitter and hard way to greatness.

scholarly journals Uloga Komunističke partije Španije u uspostavljanju diplomatskih odnosa Beograda i Madrida nakon Frankove smrti

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-145
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Matić
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Bilateral Relations

This article analyzes the influence of the Communist Party of Spain on the development of bilateral relations between Yugoslavia and Spain until the official establishment of diplomatic relations in January 1977, with an important emphasis on the period after the death of Francisco Franco. Besides researching the cooperation of Yugoslav and Spanish communists on these matters, the paper examines the specific international circumstances and interests of the great powers in the context of Yugoslav-Spanish rapprochement.

scholarly journals Yugoslav-Greek relations from the end of the Second World War to 1990 chronology, phases, problems and achievements

Balcanica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 257-282
Author(s):  
Milan Ristovic
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Period ◽  
Yugoslav Republic ◽  
Second World

Yugoslav-Greek relations from the end of WWII to the breakup of Yugoslavia and went through several phases. A short period of interlude when the diplomatic relations were re-established 1945/1946 was followed by a much longer one (1946-1950) of conflict due to the Yugoslav support to the Communists in the Greek Civil War. A pragmatic approach to the issue of both parties resulted in a prolonged period (1950-1967) of working relations that culminated in the signing of tripartite treaties with Turkey, Treaty of Ankara (1953) and Bled Agreements (1954). Even though the treaties lost most of their importance after the reconciliation between Belgrade and Moscow in 1955/1956, and the Cyprus crisis, they created a climate of correct relations between two neighbouring states marked by reciprocal visits on the highest level. The coup d??tat of April 1967 brought to power a dictatorship in Greece (1967-1974) and thus inaugurated a new period of tensions in bilateral relations. The last period 1974-1990 was characterized by good working relations between Belgrade and Athens mainly due to the Greece?s efforts to integrate the European Economic Community (EEC) that supposed good relations with its neighbours. The issue of relations of Athens with Socialist Republic of Macedonia, first as a part of Socialst Yugoslavia, and then, after the collapse of the Federation, as the independent country, proved to be the last problem for Yugoslavia and a lasting one for the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as it used to be known after 1990.

scholarly journals Some aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of bilateral cooperation between France and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
A. Kussainova ◽  
◽  
L. S. Kalibekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World Community ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of humanitarian cooperation between France and Kazakhstan, their importance in establishing diplomatic relations. Certainly, in the context of globalization, the role of cultural diplomacy is growing, the world has turned into a huge information space, where the interconnection and interdependence of the countries of the world community is evidently. Cultural diplomacy is often a means of establishing and developing relations with other states and peoples, as well as a means of selfexpression and positioning a country in the world arena and in the mass consciousness. The main emphasis in the article is given to the sphere of education and culture, their role is determined as a means of deepening bilateral relations between two countries. The strengths and weaknesses of cooperation in this area, as well as prospects for further development are considered. The growing role of cultural diplomacy between countries as a means of deepening bilateral relations is noted.

Different Countries, Different Perspectives: A Comparative Analysis of the South China Sea Disputes Coverage by Malaysian and Chinese Newspapers

China Report ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Yang Lai Fong ◽  
Ramachandran Ponnan ◽  
Antoon De Rycker
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
News Stories ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Bilateral Relations

The South China Sea disputes involve both island and maritime claims among several sovereign states within the region, namely China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam and Taiwan. Framing an analysis of international news and diplomatic relations allows researchers to examine how news organisations provide their audiences with context regarding news stories through content promotion and exclusion. This study examined how the Malaysian and Chinese newspapers reported about the South China Sea disputes and Malaysia–China bilateral relations. The findings indicated that the newspapers reported the topics with different intensity and prominence, while different news sources were employed. It was also found that conflict was a salient frame used by the various newspapers. In addition, this study found that the Malaysian and Chinese newspapers exhibited different valence in reporting the South China Sea disputes. Among the Malaysian newspapers under examination in this study, Sin Chew Daily (a Chinese-language daily) employed the most similar frame to that of the Chinese newspapers, where the coverage was pervasive with supportive valence towards China.

Mongolian-Russian diplomatic relations: history and prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjargal Dashnyam ◽  
Bulgantsetseg Gunchinsharav
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Political Associations ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the history and prospects of the development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia. It is noted that diplomatic relations between the two states have a long history. The author identifies three main stages in the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The first stage was the Soviet one (until 1991). It was during this period that the foundations of cooperation between the two states were laid. At the same time, diplomatic relations were supported by broad cooperation in the economic and military-political spheres. Mongolia and Russia have been acting as allies for a long time. At the same time, the USSR acted as a guarantor of Mongolia's independence. The second stage (1991–2000) is characterized by the cooling of bilateral relations, which was due to the processes that took place in the USSR. The third stage (2000 and up to the present) is characterized by the intensification of diplomatic contacts. This is reflected in the frequency of official visits of the heads of state of Mongolia and Russia, as well as heads of diplomatic departments of Mongolia and Russia. The period of the 2000s. it is characterized by the presence of permanent diplomatic contacts between Mongolia and Russia. Their results are expressed in a number of declarations and agreements on cooperation between countries in various fields. Cross-border cooperation is also actively developing. The author notes that the prospects for further development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia are dictated by the goals of the foreign policy of both countries. The author notes that Mongolia is characterized by the desire to build equally equal relations with all states. Russia, on the contrary, seeks to build cooperation by attracting new member states to interstate associations of various directions. In particular, Russian diplomacy is making efforts to attract Mongolia to participate in the processes taking place within the framework of Eurasian integration. At the same time, the further development of cooperation is considered by the Russian side from the point of view of deepening the processes of Eurasian integration. At the same time, the Mongolian side, in accordance with the provisions of its foreign policy concept, does not seek to join any political associations. The author concludes that considering the prospects for further development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia, it is necessary to take into account the differences in approaches to the implementation of foreign policy between the two countries.

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