scholarly journals Examination of the impact of ecological and agrotechnical factors in a maize fertilisation experiment

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Zsófia Becze
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

The year 2013 was rather extreme breeding year because of the uneven distribution of precipitaion and the summer heat. The experiment was set on with eight different genetic characteristics maize hybrids in 2013. In our study were included different kind of breeding season hybrids. We studied the effect of NKP fertilization and row spacing on the yield. The fertilizer doses are based on 25-year long-term experiment. Compared to control, the N40+PK treatment has also achieved a significant yield increase, although some hybrid of increasing fertilizer doses yield response to loss. The majority of hybrids reached higher yields using the 50 cm row spacing. The water release of hybrids was measured between 21th August and 17th September weekly, at the same time points. The rainy September slowed ripening hybrids and water release, so the grain wet content at harvest showed higher values.

scholarly journals The relationship between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with different genetic traits on chernozem soil in variant years

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Zsófia Egriné Becze ◽  
Mihály Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The experiments were set on lime-coated chernozem soil in 2013 and in 2014, in our study four hybrids were included with different FAO number. We studied the effect of NPK fertilization and row spacing on the yield. The fertilizer doses were based on a 25-year longterm experiment. Compared to control, the N40 +PK treatment has also achieved a significant yield increase, although some hybrids responsed with yield loss to the increasing fertilizer doses; this effect was observed especially in 2014. The majority of hybrids reached higher yields in both years using the 50 cm row spacing. The water release of hybrids was measured weekly during the maturation, at the same time points. The rainy September slowed ripening and the water release of the hybrids in 2013, so the grain wet content at harvest showed higher values. The moisture contents were increased for some hybrids, in spite of the positive and favorable dynamic of water loss.

scholarly journals Response of Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes to Nighttime Ozone Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Lloyd ◽  
Donald D. Davis ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 hr) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of ≈45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at ≈150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of ≈100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttime O3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol·m−2·s−1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol·m−2·s−1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.

Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities, 2003–2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. ROSENTHAL ◽  
L. E. LEE ◽  
B. A. J. VERMEULEN ◽  
K. HEDBERG ◽  
W. E. KEENE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYTo identify the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks and estimate the impact of NoV infections in an older population, we analysed epidemiological and laboratory data collected using standardized methods from long-term care facilities (LTCFs) during 2003–2006. Faecal specimens were tested for NoV by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. NoV strains were genotyped by sequencing. Of the 234 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks reported, 163 (70%) were caused by NoV. The annual attack rate of outbreak-associated NoV infection in LTCF residents was 4%, with a case-hospitalization rate of 3·1% and a case-fatality rate of 0·5%. GII.4 strains accounted for 84% of NoV outbreaks. Median duration of illness was longer for GII.4 infections than non-GII.4 infections (33 vs. 24 h, P<0·001). Emerging GII.4 strains (Hunter/2004, Minerva/2006b, Terneuzen/2006a) gradually replaced the previously dominant strain (Farmington Hills/2002) during 2004–2006. NoV GII.4 strains are now associated with the majority of AGE outbreaks in LTCFs and prolonged illness in Oregon.

scholarly journals Impact of long term fertilization on soil water content in Haploborolls

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Song ◽  
X.Y. Zhang ◽  
X.B. Liu ◽  
Y.Y. Sui ◽  
Z.L. Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The Impact

Soil water content under no fertilizer (NF), fertilizer (F) (N:30; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: 45 kg/ha), and fertilizer plus pig manure (FO) (N:30; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: 45 kg/ha; pig manure 15 000 kg/ha in 2003; and 30 000 kg/ha in 2004 and 2005) treatments was measured using neutron probe instrument for a period three years in a long term field experiment in order to investigate the impact of different fertilization treatments on Haploborolls soil water content. Fertilization had significant effects on the soil water content. FO treatment had greater soil water content in 10 cm depth than F treatment with average 9.9% increase (P &lt; 0.05) but lower than NF treatment; however, in the depth from 30 to 90 cm, there was no water content difference between F and FO treatments. Treatment with organic amendments reduced total soil water content on the long term experiment basis. Across the three years, no fertilizer treatment had total soil water content higher by 1.2% and 3.1% than fertilizer treatment and fertilizer plus pig manure treatment within 10 to 210 cm soil profile in most of the months, respectively.

scholarly journals The impact of climatic factors on the relative chlorophyll content and yield of a maize hybrid in a long-term experiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Éva Horváth ◽  
Péter Fejér ◽  
Adrienn Széles
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The impact of the climatic factors of crop year on the relative chlorophyll content of maize was examined for three years. The examinations were carried out on the Látókép Experiment Site of the University of Debrecen on calcareous chernozem soil in a small-plot, non-irrigated long-term field experiment with strip plot design. In addition to a non-fertilised (control) treatment, nitrogen (N) fertiliser doses were applied as base and top dressing. The 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 base dressing doses were followed by two top dressing doses at the V6 and V12 phenophases. Averaged over the different fertiliser treatments, SPAD readings increased in all three years as the growing season progressed. The highes SPAD value increase was observed in the average crop year (2017) at the V12 phenophase (11.8), which further increased at the R1 phenophas, by 3,7. No significant Spad value difference was observed between the average (2017) and the dry year (2018) at the V6 growth phase. However, in the wet crop year (2016), the V690 treatment provided the statistically highest relative chlorophyll content (46.8). At the V12 phenophase, the base dressing dose of 120 kg N ha-1+30 kg N ha-1 (V6150) showed to be successful in two years (2016 and 2018), while in 2017, the base dressing dose of A60 was successful. The impact of crop year on relative chlorophyll content can be clearly shown at the R1 growth stage. In all three years, the significantly highest relative chlorophyll content could be achieved at different nutrient levels: A60 in 2016, V6150 in 2017 and V690. In a wet year (2016), higher yield could be achieved as a result of the 60 kg N ha-1 base dressing and 30 kg N ha-1 at the V6 growth stage (V690) as top dressing in comparison with 2017 and 2018, when higher fertiliser dose (120 kg N ha-1 base dressing and 30 kg N ha-1top dressing at the V6 growth stage) was needed to achieve a significant yield surplus. Altogether, averaged over the different treatments, the highest yield (12.48 t ha-1) was observed in the wet year, when the relative chlorophyll content was also the highest (50.6).

Weeds in grain-lupins. 2. The response of narrow-leafed lupins to pre-emergence herbicides

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Allen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield

Results are reported from 18 experiments in which pre-emergence herbicides were evaluated in narrow-leafed lupins, (Lupinus angustifolius). At all 11 sites south of Perth (latitudes 32�S to 35�S) there was a significant lupin grain yield response to herbicides (P<0.05). There was a significant yield increase at only one of the seven sites north of Perth (latitudes 28�S to 32�S). Significant yield increases were obtained on at least one occasion with alachlor 1.1, 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1; diuron 0.4, 0.8, 1.3 kg a.i. ha-1; linuron 1:1, 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1; simazine 1.1, 1.7, 2.4 kg a.i. ha-1 and trifluralin 0.5, 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 (P<0.05). Diuron 0.8 kg a.i. ha-1; linuron 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1 and simazine 1.1, 1.7 kg a.i. ha-1 each resulted in a significant lupin yield reduction on one occasion (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Built Higher Stability of Soil And Root Microbial Networks Than Exclusive Mineral Or Organic Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luhua Yang ◽  
Renhua Sun ◽  
Jungai Li ◽  
Limei Zhai ◽  
Huiling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiome

Abstract BackgroundRoot microbiome is critical for plant health and performance. Many studies have assessed the impact of agricultural management on soil microbiome. But a comprehensive understanding of how root microbiota is affected by soil types and fertilization is still lacking. It is clear yet whether the stability of root microbiome is affected by fertilization regimes, and whether in the same patterns as soil microbiome. MethodsWe conducted a long-term experiment and investigated the impact of soil type, plant type and fertilization regimes on soil and root bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing and network analysis.ResultsOur results indicated that microbial network under combined organic-inorganic fertilization had higher stability than exclusive inorganic or organic fertilizer. In addition, fertilization exhibited stronger effects on root microbiome than on soil microbiome. While total nitrogen mainly contributes to the variance of root microbiome, pH and soil organic matter were responsible for the differences of soil microbiome. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes appeared as important drivers in soil and root microbiome amended with organic fertilizer, whereas Actinobacteria was enriched in the soil microbiome under inorganic fertilizer. ConclusionsOur results clearly indicated the responsive shifts of soil and root microbiome to different fertilization regimes, and gave hints for developing better fertilization practices and establishing healthy root associated microbiota.

scholarly journals The impact of environmental factors on the protein content and yield of maize grain at different nutrient supply levels

2018 ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienn Széles, Éva Horváth, Attila Vad, Endre Harsányi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Yield Decrease

Climate change poses a new challenge for maize producers which calls for the re-thinking of each production technological element. Professional nutrient replenishment may represent an alternative for the mitigation of yield decrease caused by climate change by means of improving yield stability from the aspect of global food safety, as well as increasing yield and improving yield quality. In the course of a  six-year (2011-2016) research, under changing climatic conditions we studied how different fertilization methods - 11 different N doses (0-300 kg ha-1) - affect the productivity of maize and protein content of grains.The experiment was carried out in Hungary (47o 33’ N, 21o 26’ E, asl: 111 m) in the long-term experiment of the University of Debrecen.

scholarly journals The impact of revitalization treatments on biological activity of soil under afforestation on post-agricultural land

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Anna Augustyniuk-Kram ◽  
Karol J. Kram
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Impact

In Poland, afforestation is usually carried out on the weakest soils, excluded from agricultural use and wasteland, i.e. post-agricultural land. A characteristic feature of such habitat is poor-quality soil, relatively high content of nutrients for trees, particularly nitrogen, as well as a low level of humus. This is important for the quality of microbiological processes occurring in post-agricultural soils. Restitution of the forest in such a habitat requires the use of various revitalisation treatments for improving soil quality and increasing biological activity and soil fertility. This article presents the results of a long-term experiment on the effectiveness of various revitalisation treatments (zoo- and phytomelioration) on afforested post-agricultural lands after more than 30 years from their application in pine forests in north-western Poland. These treatments consisted of introducing additional organic matter into the soil in the form of bark and sawdust, sowing lupine and introducing soil fauna. The comparative area for afforestation on post-agricultural soils in the presented experiment was the area of forest soils, located in the same habitat, in a pine stand, at the same time. Biological activity of soil was measured with the activity of soil enzymes dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, the biomass of microorganisms was measured and the content of total dissolved carbon and nitrogen was also determined. 

scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Rows per Bed and In-row Spacing on Yield and Spear Size of Asparagus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-654
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
J.D. Cure ◽  
W.J. Sperry ◽  
J.C. Gilsanz ◽  
C.A. Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
The Relationship

Three studies were conducted at Clinton, N.C., to investigate the relationship between number of rows per bed, in-row spacing, and spear yield of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) over 11 to 13 years. In the first study, increasing plant densities from 21,550 to 43,100 plants/ha by doubling the number of rows/bed increased the cumulative yield from 64% to 80% for three hybrid lines (`UC 157', `WSU 1', and `WSU 2') but only 6% for `Rutgers Beacon'. The effects of doubling the plant density were still apparent 13 years later. In the second study, yields of `Princeville' (`Mary Washington' selection) crowns, grown at densities from 14,000 to 86,000 plants/ha, were also increased for 8 years by doubling rows at various in-row spacings. In a third study, in which densities ranged from 21,000 to 387,900 plants/ha, the magnitude of the response to rows/bed was dependent on in-row spacing. Efficient use of bed space and the avoidance of crowding exerted a larger influence on productivity than did average planting density. The yield response to rows/bed was greater and more persistent through the years for wider in-row spacings. Spear size was only marginally responsive to rows per bed and in-row spacing.

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