scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Inhibitory Activity for the Control of Growth and Survival of Microorganisms of Extracts of Calendula officinalis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
E Coli

Extracts from many types of plants show several evidences of beneficial health effects in the living system. Calendula officinalis is a well known medicinal plant in our country. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of C. officinalis for control of the growth and survival of microorganisms. The inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the tube dilution method. C. officinalis leaf extract showed inhibition (MIC, inhibitory) to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis and to the other bacteria tested. Antimicrobial effects of leaf extract of C. officinalis on some microorganisms including pathogens were investigated. The extract of C. officinalis leaf which is prepared in was tested on bacterial cultures such as B. subtilis, S. lutea, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and also investigated that minimum inhibitory concentration 4µg/ml of leaf extract of C. officinalis in petroleum ether against K. pneumoniae and largest inhibitory zone are created by 512mg/ml chloroform extract against E. coli leaf extract of C. officinalis in petroleum ether has proved better for antibacterial activity. This study demonstrates that the potentiality of C. officinalis as a source of antimicrobials that could be harness for use in the health care delivery process.

scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Inhibitory Activity for the Control of Growth and Survival of Microorganisms of Extracts of Calendula officinalis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
E Coli

Extracts from many types of plants show several evidences of beneficial health effects in the living system. Calendula officinalis is a well known medicinal plant in our country. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of C. officinalis for control of growth and survival of microorganisms. Inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the tube dilution method. C. officinalis leaf extract showed inhibition (MIC, inhibitory) to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis and to the other bacteria tested. Antimicrobial effects of leaf extract of C. officinalis on some microorganisms including pathogens were investigated. The extract of C. officinalis leaf which is prepared in was tested on bacterial cultures such as B. subtilis, S. lutea, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and also investigated that minimum inhibitory concentration 4µg/ml of leaf extract of C. officinalis in Petroleum ether against K. pneumoniae and largest inhibitory zone are created by 512mg/ml chloroform extract against E. coli leaf extract of C. officinalis in Petroleum ether has proved better for antibacterial activity. This study demonstrates that the potentiality of C. officinalis as a source of antimicrobials that could be harness for use in the health care delivery process.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Bunga Teratai (Nymphaea pubescens Willd)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Amalia Khairunnisa ◽  
Nashrul Wathan ◽  
Mia Fitriana ◽  
Fadlilaturrahmah Fadlilaturrahmah ◽  
Nisriyati Fiddina
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Activity Test

Nymphaea pubescens Willd telah diketahui mempunyai efek antibakteri, terutama pada biji dan daunnya. Tetapi sampai saat ini bagian bunga dari tanaman tersebut belum dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan skrining fitokimia, uji aktivitas antibakteri dan penentuan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak metanol bunga N. pubescens terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli. Proses ekstraksi bunga N. pubescens dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol dengan perbandingan 1: 4 b/v. Metode pengujian yang digunakan ada dua yaitu metode difusi untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan metode dilusi untuk pengukuran konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Hasil skrining fitokimia didapatkan bahwa ekstrak metanol bunga N. pubescens mengandung senyawa golongan fenolik, saponin dan flavonoid. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol bunga N.pubescens mampu menghambat S. aureus (diameter hambat 10 ± 0,29 mm) dan E.coli (diameter hambat 10,2 ± 0,50 mm). Konsentrasi hambat minimum dari ekstrak metanol bunga N. pubescens terhadap S.aureus sebesar 12,5% dan terhadap E.coli sebesar 25%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol bunga N. pubescens memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Nymphaea pubescens Willd has known to have antibacterial effects, especially on the seeds and leaves. However, until now the flower of the plant has not been tested for antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to perform phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity test and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract of N. pubescens flowers against S. aureus and E. coli. The process of extracting N. pubescens flowers is macerated using methanol as a solvent with a ratio of 1: 4 w / v. There are two test methods used, namely the diffusion method for testing antibacterial activity and the dilution method for measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of N. pubescens flowers contained phenolic compounds, saponins, and flavonoids. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the methanol extract of N.pubescens flowers was able to inhibit S. aureus (inhibition diameter 10 ± 0.29 mm) and E. coli (inhibitory diameter 10.2 ± 0.50 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract of N. pubescens flowers against S.aureus was 12.5% and against E. coli was 25%. It can be concluded that the methanol extract of N. pubescens flowers has antibacterial activityKeywords: Nymphaea pubescens, lotus flower, methanol extract, antibacterial

scholarly journals Sensitivity of L. casei and E. сoli to active substances of anti-parasitic preparations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
R.A. Peleno
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Active Substances

The data of the influence of active substances of anthelmintic and antiprotozoal preparations on the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 are provided in the article. Their minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for these strains of microorganisms and the active substances with which possible simultaneous application of probiotic strain L. casei IMB В-7280 is established. With this aim, the effect on the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 and the minimum inhibitory concentration of fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin, which are part of the anthelmintic preparations and amprolium, tylosin, sodium sulfadimexone and sodium sulfatyazole, which are active substances of antiprotozoal drugs, were investigated. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the active substances of antiparasitic agents against these strains of microorganisms was carried out in in vitro experiments by serial dilutions in a dense MRS environment and MPA, and a study of the effect on the growth by diffusion method, followed by measurement of growth retardation zones in millimeters. It is established that among active substances of anthelmintic preparations only phenbendazole caused growth retardation and only relative to L. casei IMB B-7280. Among the active substances of antiprotozoal drugs, sodium sulfatyazole was the most active, which inhibited growth as L. casei IMB-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41. Thylosin was effective only in relation to L. casei IMB B-7280 and at the highest concentration of 0.03%, the growth retardation zone was 23.4 ± 0.92 mm. Sodium sulfadimetoxin caused the growth retardation of L. сasei IMB В-7280 only at the highest concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration of active substances of anti-parasitic drugs was different for strains L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/4. The strongest inhibitory effect was shown by tylosin, which stopped the growth of L. casei IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41 respectively at concentrations of 0.00125 and 50.0 mg/ml. Active substances such as amprolium, levamisole and ivermectin did not significantly inhibit the growth of L. casei, IMB B-7280 and E. coli 055K59 № 3912/41, since their minimal inhibitory concentration was in the range of 4000 to 6000 mg ml.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ramschie ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

scholarly journals INCREASED VANCOMYCIN MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) AMONG MRSA ISOLATES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 010-012
Author(s):  
Asha Pai K. B. ◽  
Sweetha N. N. ◽  
Sanjeev H. ◽  
Rekha R. ◽  
Vimal K. K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Success Of Treatment

Abstract Introduction:Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is not only an important nosocomial pathogen but also an incipient community pathogen in many geographical areas. Recommended therapeutic agent for treatment of MRSA infections are glycopeptides, in particular vancomycin. The distribution of vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values among MRSA isolates in our hospital is unknown. We conducted this study to Determine the distribution of vancomycin MIC values among MRSA isolates from clinical samples in our hospital. Material and Methods:Fifty six MRSA isolates were included in the study. These isolates were obtained from different clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology over a period of six months from august 2012 to January 2013. Screening for MRSA was done by disc diffusion method using Cefoxitin disc. Determination of vancomycin MIC of all the isolates was done by macro broth dilution method. Results:All 56 isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Out of the 56 isolates tested, 25 (44.64%) and 12 (21.4%) had Vancomycin MIC of 1μg/ml and 2 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion:The high vancomycin MIC values observed among our strains are a cause of concern, as this may have an impact on the success of treatment with vancomycin.

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Plants against Selected Pathogenic and Saprophytic Microorganisms

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELGAYYAR ◽  
F. A. DRAUGHON ◽  
D. A. GOLDEN ◽  
J. R. MOUNT
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
O 157

The beneficial health effects of extracts from many types of plants that are used as seasoning agents in foods and beverages have been claimed for centuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected herb and spice essential oils for control of growth and survival of microorganisms. Inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility discs were used as control. Minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined by the tube dilution method. Essential oils from anise, angelica, basil, carrot, celery, cardamom, coriander, dill weed, fennel, oregano, parsley, and rosemary were evaluated. Inhibition ranged from complete with oregano to no inhibition with carrot oil for each of the test strains that included: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O:157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Geotrichum, and Rhodotorula. Oregano essential oil showed the greatest inhibition (zone, ≥70 to 80 mm) (MLC, 8 ppm). Coriander and basil were also highly inhibitory (MLC, 25 to 50 ppm) to E. coli O:157:H7 and to the other bacteria and fungi tested. Anise oil was not particularly inhibitory to bacteria (inhibition zone, 25 mm); however, anise oil was highly inhibitory to molds. Because some of the herbal and spice essential oils are highly inhibitory to selected pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, they may provide alternatives and supplements to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.

scholarly journals In-vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of atorvastatin and ampicillin against resistant Staphylococcus spp and E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriraam Sankar ◽  
Ramasamy Thangamalai ◽  
Sriram Padmanaban ◽  
Porteen Kannan ◽  
M R Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

AbstractThe colossal rise in antimicrobial resistance has led to treatment failures and so mastitis has become cumbersome to treat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of non-antibiotic drug, atorvastatin in combination with antimicrobial, ampicillin against two commonly isolated bacterial species Staphylococcus spp and E. coli from bovine mastitis. Milk samples were collected from mastitis cows, visiting Veterinary Clinical Complex. Bacterial isolation was performed using Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), followed by characterization and identification by biochemical tests and gram staining. Genotypic confirmation was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with subsequent screening for resistant genes-mec A, blaTEM. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test (ABST) of the isolates against 12 different antimicrobials, atorvastatin only, and combination of atorvastatin with ampicillin were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ampicillin alone and ampicillin in combination with atorvastatin were determined by modified microdilution method. Staphylococcus spp (77.5%) and E.coli (35%) were the two major pathogens isolated in the current study and multi-drug resistance was observed. Among the antimicrobials, the ampicillin showed 100% resistance against Staphylococcus spp and 85.71% resistance against E. coli. Atorvastatin did not display antibacterial effect as a sole agent but displayed synergistic antibacterial activity with ampicillin. There was an average increase in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ampicillin for E.coli and Staphylococcus spp isolates and atorvastatin decreased the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ampicillin in combination. The ampicillin shows more resistance against both Staphylococcus spp and E.coli, while atorvastatin improves the effect of ampicillin in-vitro. So, atorvastatin may be combined with ampicillin for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. However, further studies are required to ascertain the exact mechanism of action of atorvastatin with respect to their antibacterial effect for them to be redeployed as an antimicrobial drug in the future.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of ginger extract and chlorhexidine on periodontal pathogens: an invitro study.

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Kesha Vaghani ◽  
Deepak Dave ◽  
Girish U Sailor
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Mechanical Therapy

Brief Background: P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans are considered to be the most commonly associated pathogens with periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard for the chemical plaque control along with mechanical therapy. However, CHX has its own disadvantages. There has been a great swing from the drug of antibiotics to the use of remedial plant like ginger. Studies have shown that the existence of oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds (shogaol, gingerol) is responsible for the antimicrobial activity of ginger, that are lipid-soluble phenol compounds extracted from the ginger root Materials and Methods: The ginger extracts were prepared from fresh ginger. The different concentrations of extract - 1%, 5% and 10% - were used to determine the zone of inhibition by agar disc diffusion method against periodontal pathogens and compared to that of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also determined by serial dilution method. Results: Results of the study showed that the efficacy of all 3 ginger extracts showed comparatively less significant antimicrobial property against the microorganisms as compared to 0.2%chlorhexidine. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also found to be very high, i.e., 100μg/ml. Summary and Conclusions: There is no significant antimicrobial activity of ginger extract as compared to chlorhexidine Key Words: ginger extracts, chlorhexidine, periodontal pathogens, MIC

Screening of Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm, Cell Proliferation Inhibition, and Synergistic Effects of Biogenic Synthesized Silver Nanostructures Using Trillium govanianum with Antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
Nazia Gulzar Nazia Gulzar ◽  
Saiqa Andleeb Saiqa Andleeb ◽  
Shaukat Ali Shaukat Ali ◽  
Sadia Nazer Sadia Nazer ◽  
Tariq Iqbal Muhammad Abdul Rauf Khan and Abida Raza Tariq Iqbal Muhammad Abdul Rauf Khan and Abida Raza
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Trillium Govanianum ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The aim of study is to develop the economic plant-based antibacterial agents to improve the treatment strategies for bacterial infections at nano-scale. In current research silver nanostructures synthesis was carried out using Trillium govanianum aqueous extract. Characterizations were done using UV–Visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Antibacterial efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanostructures and aqueous extract was evaluated via agar well diffusion method, crystal violet assay (antibiofilm analysis), tetrazolium salt assay (cell viability assay), Direct agar overlay technique, and TLC- spot screening against clinical bacterial pathogens. Synergistic effect of synthesized nanostructures, aqueous extract along with antibiotics was determined by agar disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was also evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used for screening of antioxidant potential effect at various concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 and#181;l). The indication of major phytochemical constituents was determined using both qualitative methods and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Absorbance in UV region (295 nm) corresponds to the out of plane quadrupole Plasmon-resonance while at 350 nm corresponds to in-plane dipole resonance. SEM images shows prepared the morphology of Ag nanostructures TGAgNSs is not exactly spherical while XRD analysis shows that highly crystalline TGAgNSs have been prepared with average crystallite size of 27.94 nm. The FTIR spectrum represents sharp peaks of aldehyde, amide I, aromatic rings, and polysaccharides. Minimum inhibitory concentration showed the increased bactericidal effect with increase in concentration of silver nanostructures. Maximum inhibition of E. coli, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumonia was recorded at 0.12 mg/ml concentration of TGAgNSs with 7.6.0and#177;0.0 mm, 7.6and#177;0.0 mm, 6.6and#177;0.0 mm, and 7.0and#177;0.0 mm zones of inhibition. Similarly, TGAgNSs showed maximum inhibition of E. coli, S. pyogenes, and S. marcesscens at 0.14 mg/ml concentration (8.3and#177;0.0 mm, 7.0and#177;0.0 mm, 7.0and#177;0.0 mm), respectively. Cell viability, antibiofilm assay, TLC-spot screening, and TLC-bio-autography proves the potential antibacterial effect of TGAgNSs. Synergistic effect showed greater antibacterial effect. Glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, proteins, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins were detected. The scavenging potential of TGAgNSs was calculated as 74% at 1.5 and#181;l. It was concluded that green synthesized nanostructures have efficient antibacterial potential and would be used in medical devices to cure infections in near future.

scholarly journals In-vitro Screening of Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum gratissimum on Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim ◽  
Evelyn Ukamaka Urama ◽  
Oluwayemisi Odeyemi ◽  
Augustina Nkechi Olise ◽  
Sunday Odeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

This study was undertaken to evaluate  the antimicrobial activities of crude  ethanol and methanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (scent leaf) on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella  pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus auerus and Candida albicans.The antimicrobial activities were carried out using  agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole (positive controls) were used in comparison with crude extract of O. gratissimum leaves and also, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the negative control. The ethanolic extract of O. gratissimum showed antibacterial activity with the mean inhibitory zone diameter of 3 -7mm against S. auerus, 2 mm against E. coli, 2 – 12 mm against K. pneumoniae, 2 mm against P.aeruginosa. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts of O. gratissimum leaves   showed no effect on   C.albicans. O. gratissimum extracts showed the lower   antimicrobial activity than the commercially available antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and fluconazole). The minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts on the test organisms also increased in the following order; methanol < ethanol. Hence, this   extract could   only serve   as antibacterial agent in the management of bacterial infection because it has no antifungal activities on Candida isolates used in this study.

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