Botanical fungicides in the control of soybean leaf diseases / Fungicidas botânicos no controle de doenças foliares na soja

The soybean cultivation (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is responsible for the highest pesticides use in agriculture in Brazil. There is an environmental and social need to reduce the use of these substances in crops. The alternative products applied in agriculture such as plant extracts and essential oils, becomes necessary and indispensable, mainly in disease control. Among the plants studied, the Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), has stood out in some studies, where relevant fungitoxic results have been demonstrated, however, there are still few works that prove its viability in the diseases management in field. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the soybean diseases alternative control through the aqueous extracts and noni essential oil application, in plantings high and low disease pressure. Two field experiments were implemented, with soybean culture, evaluating leaf, fruit aqueous extract and noni essential oil as a fungicidal action. Foliar application of noni extracts and essential oil did not differ from fungicide in Asian Rust and Anthracnose control, in the 2016/17 crop, in both experiments. Soybean productivity was similar in treatments that received leaf extract (1748,8 Kg ha-1), essential oil (1762,5 Kg ha-1) and fungicides (2031,7 Kg ha-1). Where there was no large disease pressure all agronomic characteristics were equivalent, regardless of treatment.

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Effect of Compost and Titanium Dioxide Application on the Vegetative Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Coriander

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 322

Author(s):

Rania M. R. Khater ◽

Reham M. Sabry ◽

Luisa Pistelli ◽

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽

Walid Soufan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Two Factors ◽

Compost Application

Coriander is one of the most popular and intensely used spices owing to its multipurpose uses worldwide. It is mainly cultivated for the production of its dried seed and fresh leaves. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of compost and foliar spraying of TiO2 on the yield and essential oil composition of coriander. Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons; after that, the yield parameters were determined, and the essential oil of the seeds was extracted and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that coriander growths at both years were significantly affected by compost application and foliar application of TiO2, and a significant interaction of these two factors also occurred. Compost application at 50 m3 caused significant increments of 55% and 46% in umbels number and 75% and 64% in seed yield in the first and second season, respectively, compared with control. The application of compost to the coriander plant significantly influenced oil percentage and oil yield per ha. The maximum oil percent was recorded in control plants. Foliar application of TiO2 resulted in significant improvement in plant height, number of umbels, and seed yield of coriander as compared with control and reached their maximum values at 6 g L−1 compared with the control; foliar application of TiO2 at 2 g L−1 enhanced numbers of umbels by 22% with no significant differences between 2, 4, and 6 g L−1 treatments in the first season and by 24, 33, and 48% in the second season. Increases in seed yield accounted for 34, 43, and 64% in the first season and 21, 36, and 45% in the second season due to titanium dioxide application of 2, 4, and 6 g L−1, respectively. The maximum content of linalool (87.61%) and minimum content of estragole (0.7%) was recorded at 4 g L−1 titanium dioxide with no compost.

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Influence of Foliar Silicic Acid Application on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Varieties Grown across Two Distinct Rainfall Years

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1162

Author(s):

Uppalige Shwethakumari ◽

Thimmappa Pallavi ◽

Nagabovanalli B. Prakash

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Silicic Acid ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Nutrition ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Long Duration ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Seed Husk

The foliar nutrition of silicic acid is considered to be a novel approach in enhancing the performance of many crops worldwide. The present study aimed to assess if the foliar application of silicon (Si) could influence the performance of soybean varieties with distinct crop duration, MAUS-2 (long duration) and KBS-23 (short duration). Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) of varied rainfall with foliar application of silicic acid @ 2 and 4 mL L−1 for three and two sprays each. The results showed significant enhancement in the yield, seed quality (protein and oil content), and uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Si) by various parts viz., seed, husk, and haulm of both varieties with foliar nutrition of silicic acid. However, the short duration variety, KBS-23, responded well under low rainfall conditions (2016) with two sprays of foliar silicic acid @ 4 mL L−1 and MAUS-2 variety in the second season under higher rainfall (2017) with three sprays of foliar silicic acid @ 2 mL L−1, along with the recommended dose of fertilizer. This research revealed that the effectiveness of foliar silicic acid nutrition differs with the duration of the varieties, number of sprays given, and water availability in the soil during the cropping period.

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Foliar applications of phosphate increase the yield of essential oil inmenthol mint (Mentha arvensis)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea02196 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Ram ◽

R. Singh ◽

D. Ram ◽

R. S. Sangwan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Orthophosphoric Acid ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Metabolic Model ◽

Diammonium Phosphate ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Phosphate Effect ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Field experiments were conducted at Lucknow, India, to study the effect of foliar application of orthophosphoric acid and diammonium phosphate filtrate on the biosynthesis and yield of essential oil in transplanted menthol mint: a foliage rich and vegetatively harvested crop. A foliar spray of 10% diammonium phosphate filtrate on the plants of menthol mint enhanced the biosynthesis of essential oil in the leaves to the extent of 15.6–18.7% over the control. A spray of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid gave an increase in the range 8.0–9.4%. When different varieties of menthol mint were sprayed with 10% diammonium phosphate filtrate, the variety Kosi exhibited 13, 78.3 and 66% higher essential oil yield over the varieties Himalaya, Hariti and Kalka, respectively. At the same concentration of spray, the variety Kosi enhanced the essential oil yield by 60% compared with that of the control. The early transplanted crop (18 March) was found to be good in terms of higher essential oil production by about 31% than the later transplanted crop (31 March). It is recommended that in order to get a high essential oil yield from a transplanted mint crop, a foliar spray of 10% diammonium phosphate filtrate should be applied twice, first in the second week of April and second in the first week of June. The optimum time to transplant mint plantlets in the field is the third week of March. A putative working metabolic model of the phosphate effect on biosynthesis of essential oil in volatile plants has been proposed.

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Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80656-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Gomaa ◽

Essam E. Kandil ◽

Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽

Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽

Hayssam M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Maize Productivity ◽

Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

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Seed priming and foliar application with jasmonic acid enhance salinity stress tolerance of soybean ( Glycine max L. ) seedlings

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.10822 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S Sheteiwy ◽

Hongbo Shao ◽

Weicong Qi ◽

Paul Daly ◽

Anket Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Salinity Stress Tolerance

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PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss83-021 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 199-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. W. BULLEN ◽

R. J. SOPER ◽

L. D. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Chamber Experiment ◽

Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

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Effect of water stress and NaCl triggered changes on yield, physiology, biochemistry of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants and on quality of harvested pods

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0397-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georgia Ouzounidou ◽

Ilias Ilias ◽

Anastasia Giannakoula ◽

Ioanna Theoharidou

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Control ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Ameliorative Effect ◽

Normal Water ◽

The Impact

AbstractSalinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Broad bean was chosen as model plant for assessing the impact of salt stress and its interaction with drought in the field experiments. The factors examined in the experiments were the two irrigation rates (normal watering — NW with 3 L plant−1 and drought — D) and three salinity rates imposed by foliar application (0, 50, 100 mg L−1 NaCl). Highest NaCl level with normal water irrigation caused maximum reduction in plant height and production, which it was due to photosynthetic disturbances. Salt injuries were alleviated by increasing water stress. The control plants exposed to NaCl lost their ability over water control. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 indicate the prevalence of oxidative stress due to salinity. The levels of proline and carbohydrates were higher under salinity alone than under simultaneous exposure to drought and NaCl. The protein concentration of immature and mature broad bean pods was more inhibited more by NaCl supply than by drought alone. The combination of drought and NaCl resulted in a significant increase in proteins, glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Overall, the ameliorative effect of drought under NaCl supply was quantified.

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Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-293 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 619-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. F. Chang ◽

S. F. Hwang ◽

H. U. Ahmed ◽

B. D. Gossen ◽

G. D. Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Stand Density ◽

Field Trials ◽

Field Pea ◽

Seedling Blight ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽

Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

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Stalk Rot Fungi Affect Leaf Greenness (SPAD) of Grain Sorghum in a Genotype- and Growth-Stage-Specific Manner

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0171-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 2062-2068 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y. M. A. Y. Bandara ◽

D. K. Weerasooriya ◽

T. T. Tesso ◽

C. R. Little

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Remarkable Feature ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Stalk Rot ◽

The Difference ◽

Total Seed ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Spad Readings

Stalk rots are among the most prevalent and destructive sorghum diseases worldwide. Although experimental evidence is limited, delayed postflowering senescence due to the staygreen trait is accepted as a physiological means of stalk rot resistance. Staygreen has been shown to be correlated with chlorophyll content (as measured by a soil and plant analytical development [SPAD] meter). Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot on SPAD readings at three developmental stages, to test whether staygreen genotypes are more resilient to stalk-rot-mediated chlorophyll degradation, and to examine the relationships between SPAD and stalk rot resistance and tolerance when plants were inoculated with causal organisms. Staygreen and nonstaygreen lines (two) and hybrids (two) established in the field were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, and Macrophomina phaseolina at 14 days after flowering. SPAD readings were obtained at soft-dough, hard-dough, and physiological maturity. Most pathogens significantly reduced the SPAD of the genotypes over the mock-inoculated control at three developmental stages. The stalk-rot-resistant and staygreen check line, SC599, showed a remarkable feature of negative senescence from soft dough to physiological maturity under disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly and negatively correlated with SPAD at all developmental stages, revealing the potential impact of the staygreen trait on stalk rot resistance. The difference between control and pathogen-treated total seed weight per panicle (i.e., tolerance) was significantly and positively correlated with the difference between control and pathogen-treated SPAD at physiological maturity, demonstrating the ability of staygreen trait to enhance stalk rot tolerance under disease pressure.

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