scholarly journals Automatic Fruit Morphology Phenome and Genetic Analysis: An Application in the Octoploid Strawberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Laura M. Zingaretti ◽  
Amparo Monfort ◽  
Miguel Pérez-Enciso
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shape Descriptor ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Phenotype Measurement ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Automatizing phenotype measurement will decisively contribute to increase plant breeding efficiency. Among phenotypes, morphological traits are relevant in many fruit breeding programs, as appearance influences consumer preference. Often, these traits are manually or semiautomatically obtained. Yet, fruit morphology evaluation can be enhanced using fully automatized procedures and digital images provide a cost-effective opportunity for this purpose. Here, we present an automatized pipeline for comprehensive phenomic and genetic analysis of morphology traits extracted from internal and external strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) images. The pipeline segments, classifies, and labels the images and extracts conformation features, including linear (area, perimeter, height, width, circularity, shape descriptor, ratio between height and width) and multivariate (Fourier elliptical components and Generalized Procrustes) statistics. Internal color patterns are obtained using an autoencoder to smooth out the image. In addition, we develop a variational autoencoder to automatically detect the most likely number of underlying shapes. Bayesian modeling is employed to estimate both additive and dominance effects for all traits. As expected, conformational traits are clearly heritable. Interestingly, dominance variance is higher than the additive component for most of the traits. Overall, we show that fruit shape and color can be quickly and automatically evaluated and are moderately heritable. Although we study strawberry images, the algorithm can be applied to other fruits, as shown in the GitHub repository.

scholarly journals Automatic fruit morphology phenome and genetic analysis: An application in the octoploid strawberry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Zingaretti ◽  
A. Monfort ◽  
M. Pérez-Enciso
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shape Descriptor ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Phenotype Measurement ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

ABSTRACTAutomatizing phenotype measurement is needed to increase plant breeding efficiency. Morphological traits are relevant in many fruit breeding programs, as appearance influences consumer preference. Often, these traits are manually or semi-automatically obtained. Yet, fruit morphology evaluation can be boosted by resorting to fully automatized procedures and digital images provide a cost-effective opportunity for this purpose. Here, we present an automatized pipeline for comprehensive phenomic and genetic analysis of morphology traits extracted from internal and external strawberry images. The pipeline segments, classifies and labels the images, extracts conformation features, including linear (area, perimeter, height, width, circularity, shape descriptor, ratio between height and width) and multivariate (Fourier Elliptical components and Generalized Procrustes) statistics. Internal color patterns are obtained using an autoencoder to smooth out the image. In addition, we develop a variational autoencoder to automatically detect the most likely number of underlying shapes. Bayesian modeling is employed to estimate both additive and dominant effects for all traits. As expected, conformational traits are clearly heritable. Interestingly, dominance variance is higher than the additive component for most of the traits. Overall, we show that fruit shape and color can be quickly and automatically evaluated and is moderately heritable. Although we study the strawberry species, the algorithm can be applied to other fruits, as shown in the GitHub repository https://github.com/lauzingaretti/DeepAFS.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of “Sound Shape” on Consumer Preference

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Michael Schutz ◽  
Jeanine K. Stefanucci
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Amplitude Envelope

Interfaces play a crucial role in a device’s success or failure. Although visual aspects generally receive more attention, findings from sonic interaction design increasingly illustrate the importance of auditory aesthetics in creating desirable products. Here we show that small changes to the amplitude envelope (i.e., “sound shape”) of tones affect user preference. Specifically, participants are willing to pay 9% more for products using sounds with decaying-amplitude envelopes rather than abruptly ending envelopes that are common in many device sounds. These findings hold important implications for cost-effective changes that could potentially improve a product’s desirability and perceived value.

scholarly journals Selection of tomato lines and populations for fruit shape and resistance to tomato leafminer

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Nathalia CV Resende ◽  
Alex Antonio da Silva ◽  
Wilson Roberto Maluf ◽  
Juliano Tadeu V de Resende ◽  
Andre Ricardo Zeist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Market Requirement ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The market requirement regarding fruit type varies from region to region and it is necessary to produce cultivars with different patterns of fruit morphology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select lines with resistance to tomato leafminer and different fruit shapes in order to meet the different market segments. Seventy-six lines and pre-selected populations were used for pest resistance together with four other susceptible controls (TOM-584, TOM-684, NC-123S, and Santa Clara) and two wild accessions (Solanum pennellii ‘LA 716’ and S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-127826’) considered resistant. The experiment consisted of tests of resistance to the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. The selection of lines was efficient, being obtained 33 lines or populations resistant to the tomato leafminer that comprise the market segments of the types of multilocular fruit, Santa Cruz, Saladette or Italian, as well as intermediate standards of fruits.

scholarly journals Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Associated with the Fruit Morphology of Tomato

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Pragya Adhikari ◽  
James McNellie ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Shape And Size

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most-consumed vegetable in the world. The market value and culinary purpose of tomato are often determined by fruit size and shape, which makes the genetic improvement of these traits a priority for tomato breeders. The main objective of the study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the tomato fruit shape and size. The use of elite breeding materials in the genetic mapping studies will facilitate the detection of genetic loci of direct relevance to breeders. We performed QTL analysis in an intra-specific population of tomato developed from a cross between two elite breeding lines NC 30P × NC-22L-1(2008) consisting of 110 recombinant inbred lines (RIL). The precision software Tomato Analyzer (TA) was used to measure fruit morphology attributes associated with fruit shape and size traits. The RIL population was genotyped with the SolCAP 7720 SNP array. We identified novel QTL controlling elongated fruit shape on chromosome 10, explaining up to 24% of the phenotypic variance. This information will be useful in improving tomato fruit morphology traits.

scholarly journals Heterosis Effects on Genetic Biofortification of Grain Iron and Zinc in Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglacum L.).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shobha Rani ◽  
G. Anil Kumar ◽  
K. Sravanti ◽  
C.V. Sameer Kumar ◽  
S. Maheswaramma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

Pearl millet is traditionally a small grain crop, adapted to marginal environments. Micronutrient malnutrition arising from deficiency of one or more essential micronutrients. Crop biofortification is a sustainable and cost-effective approach to address micro nutrient malnutrition, especially in the developing world. It refers to the development of micronutrient-dense staple crops using conventional breeding practices. Availability of traits of concern in improved genetic background greatly enhances the breeding efficiency for the target trait combining with other desirable agronomic traits. The main objective of this study was to determine heterosis for Fe and Zn by using line x tester analysis. Low level of heterosis over mid-parent (MP) for grain Fe and Zn and no hybrid with significant heterosis over better-parent (BP) for Fe and Zn, suggested that there would be little opportunity, if any, to exploit heterosis for these traits. This would also mean that to breed high Fe and high Zn hybrids, these traits will have to breed into both parental lines of hybrids.Based on the results, it can be concluded that there are good prospects of genetic enhancement for grain Fe and Zn content ratio interm of hybrid development in pearl millet.

scholarly journals Effect of grafting on resistance to vine decline disease, yield and fruit quality in muskmelon cv. Sawadi

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Qais Al-Mawaali ◽  
Abdullah M Al-Sadi ◽  
Fahad A Al-Said ◽  
Mohammed Shafiur Rahman ◽  
Intisar Al-Zakwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Graft Success

A study was conducted to evaluate graft success, resistance to vine decline disease and effect of grafting on quality and yield of muskmelon. Two field experiments, conducted in Oman, showed that muskmelon cv. Sawadi grafted on six cucurbit rootstocks gave high grafting success: 97.6-99.1% (avg. 98.6%) and 92.4-96.9% (avg. 95.3%) under field conditions in fall 2012 and spring 2013 respectively. No significant differences were observed between seasons among the six treatments and a non-grafted control in consumer preference for odor and firmness, fruit shape, flesh vitamin C, micronutrient content  and TSS (sucrose %) or pH in spring 2013 (P > 0.05). The concentration of phosphorus and sodium significantly decreased in both seasons in all treatments in comparison to the control (P > 0.05). In both seasons potassium content significantly increased when Rsscih7458 and Mubyeongjangsoo rootstocks were used (P < 0.05). Strong Tosa rootstocks showed zero graft failure, high resistance to vine decline disease, high yield production and higher TSS (sucrose %) as compared to other rootstocks. Strong Tosa and Tetsukabuto rootstocks showed significantly higher consumer acceptance for rind color, flesh color and overall consumer acceptance in spring 2013 and was also less affected by seasonal changes. Results suggested that by grafting muskmelon cv. Sawadi some quality attributes may be improved in addition to the increased level of resistance to disease. However, additional trials are required to make final recommendations for the farming community.

scholarly journals A cryptic variation in a member of the Ovate Family Proteins is underlying the melon fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Maria José Gonzalo ◽  
Pablo Sipowicz ◽  
Manuel Campos ◽  
Irene Martínez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Cryptic Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Melon Fruit

Abstract Key message The gene underlying the melon fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1 is a member of the Ovate Family Proteins. Variation in fruit morphology is caused by changes in gene expression likely due to a cryptic structural variation in this locus. Abstract Melon cultivars have a wide range of fruit morphologies. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified underlying such diversity. This research focuses on the fruit shape QTL fsqs8.1, previously detected in a cross between the accession PI 124112 (CALC, producing elongated fruit) and the cultivar ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS, producing oval fruit). The CALC fsqs8.1 allele induced round fruit shape, being responsible for the transgressive segregation for this trait observed in that population. In fact, the introgression line CALC8-1, carrying the fsqs8.1 locus from CALC into the PS genetic background, produced perfect round fruit. Following a map-based cloning approach, we found that the gene underlying fsqs8.1 is a member of the Ovate Family Proteins (OFP), CmOFP13, likely a homologue of AtOFP1 and SlOFP20 from Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato, respectively. The induction of the round shape was due to the higher expression of the CALC allele at the early ovary development stage. The fsqs8.1 locus showed an important structural variation, being CmOFP13 surrounded by two deletions in the CALC genome. The deletions are present at very low frequency in melon germplasm. Deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fsqs8.1 locus could not be not associated with variation in fruit shape among different melon accessions, what indicates that other genetic factors should be involved to induce the CALC fsqs8.1 allele effects. Therefore, fsqs8.1 is an example of a cryptic variation that alters gene expression, likely due to structural variation, resulting in phenotypic changes in melon fruit morphology.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Colour Shading on Seedling Growth, Fruit Morphology and Phytochemical Properties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var KWR)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
P. K. Dissanayake ◽  
W. G. C. Wekumbura
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fruit Setting

Context: Producing high quality and chemical free tomato would favorably enhance consumer preference. There are most promising findings available on growth and quality attributes of tomato and other plants under different light spectrum in closed house conditions using different light sources. Installment of light emitting devices and running cost with high power consumption might not favorable for commercial cultivators and small scale growers. Aim: In present study we used colour transparent sheets such as colourless (control), red, blue, green and yellow as shading material to transmit respective spectrum of light on tomato plants to study the effect. Methodology: Tomato seed germination study was done under different colour shading in petri plates. Seedling and plant growth parameters and phytochemical properties of tomato plants grown under different transparent colour shadings were studied such as number of leaves, leaf area, weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content of fruits, lycopene contents of fruits, fruit physical parameters and flowering. Results: Seed germination was significantly high under yellow, colourless and red shading over blue and green. Seedling growth was significantly high under yellow shading. Fruit Ascorbic acid content was positively enhanced by yellow, green and colourless shading, whereas chlorophyll and lycopene content significantly high under green and red. Number of flower setting per plant was high under green shading (40±5.77), whereas lowest under yellow shading (22.33±6.38). Fruit setting significantly high under yellow shading (14±2) and lowest was red (9±1). Blue shading showed significantly high effect on fruit morphological traits such as pericarp thickness and fruit size. Conclusion: Yellow colour shading enhances seedling growth and fruit setting of tomato, while green having positive impact on fruit morphology. However, different characters of tomato were differently affected by different colour shading in greenhouse condition and for the better effect appropriate colour shading should be selected at particular stage of growth.

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Fruit and Its Correlation to Fruit Morphologies

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Hanifah ◽  
Awang Maharijaya ◽  
Sastia P. Putri ◽  
Walter A. Laviña ◽  
Sobir
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Eggplant is one of the most widely cultivated vegetables in the world and has high biodiversity in terms of fruit shape, size, and color. Therefore, fruit morphology and nutrient content become important considerations for both consumers and breeders who develop new eggplant-based products. To gain insight on the diversity of eggplant metabolites, twenty-one eggplant accessions were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS and LC-MS. The dataset of eggplant fruit morphologies, and metabolites specific to different eggplant fruit accessions were used for correlation analysis. Untargeted metabolomics analysis using LC-MS and GC-MS was able to detect 136 and 207 peaks, respectively. Fifty-one (51) metabolites from the LC-MS analysis and 207 metabolites from the GC-MS analysis were putatively identified, which included alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that 14 fruit morphologies were correlated with several metabolites. This information will be very useful for the development of strategies for eggplant breeding.

scholarly journals Cost-effective, high-throughput phenotyping system for 3D reconstruction of fruit form

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell J Feldmann ◽  
Amy Tabb
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Specialized Hardware

Reliable phenotyping methods that are simple to operate and inexpensive to deploy are critical for studying quantitative traits in plants. Traditional fruit shape phenotyping relies on human raters or 2D analyses to assess form, e.g., size and shape. Systems for 3D imaging using multi-view stereo have been implemented, but frequently rely on commercial software and/or specialized hardware, which can lead to limitations in accessibility and scalability. We present a complete system constructed of consumer-grade components for capturing, calibrating, and reconstructing the 3D form of small-to-moderate sized fruits and tubers. Data acquisition and image capture sessions are 9 seconds to capture 60 images. The initial prototype cost was $1600 USD. We measured accuracy by comparing reconstructed models of 3D printed ground truth objects to the original digital files of those same ground truth objects. The R2 between length of the primary, secondary, and tertiary axes, volume, and surface area of the ground-truth object and the reconstructed models was > 0.97 and root-mean square error (RMSE) was <3mm for objects without locally concave regions. Measurements from 1mm and 2mm resolution reconstructions were consistent (R2 > 0.99). Qualitative assessments were performed on 48 fruit and tubers, including 18 strawberries, 12 potatoes, 5 grapes, 7 peppers, and 4 Bosch and 2 red Anjou pears. Our proposed phenotyping system is fast, relatively low cost, and has demonstrated accuracy for certain shape classes, and could be used for the 3D analysis of fruit form.

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