scholarly journals The Effect of Endurance Training on Plasma Levels of ICAM, VCAM, and OPG in Rats with Experimental Myocardial Infarction: A Gender-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Ashtari ◽  
Bahram Abedi ◽  
Hoseyn Fatolahi
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of endurance training (EXE) on inflammatory markers predicting atherosclerosis by gender. Materials and Methods: Forty male and female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups including male myocardial infarction (MI), male MI + EXE, female MI, and female MI+EXE. After the induction of MI with two intraperitoneal injections of isoproterenol (150 mg/kg), the training groups performed an (EXE) program for 4 weeks on a treadmill (speed 18 m/min, 30 minutes, 5 sessions per week). The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last training session. Finally, data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and Fishers’ least significant difference post hoc test. Results: Despite the clinical difference in the training groups, the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM, 3.74±0.61 ng/mL) was more significant in the female MI + EXE group (P=0.009). Conclusion: In general, despite observing clinical changes, there were no significant vascular cell adhesion molecules and osteoprotegerin (OPG) after EXE in cardiovascular inflammatory factors in male and female rats following MI. Nevertheless, gender had a significant independent effect on the ICAM index. The results showed that ICAM values were higher in female rats in comparison with male rats.

Abstract 269: Cardiac Aging in Rats: Do Female and Male Hearts Age Differently?

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard I Dedkov ◽  
Alessandro Pingitore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cardiac Aging ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Systolic Performance

Background: In recent years, the use of middle-aged and old animals of both sexes has become preferential in experimental studies involving the models of cardiovascular diseases to better reflect a human population. However, the evidence showing the extent of sex-related differences in cardiac aging of laboratory animals remains obscure. Accordingly, we designed our study to determine whether the male and female rats differ during aging with regard to left ventricular (LV) geometry and systolic function. Methods: We performed transthoracic echocardiographic examinations in 12-month-old (12mo) and 24 month-old (24mo) male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River, Wilmington, MA) under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia using a linear (Matrix) array transducer probe GE M12L (5.5-14.0 MHz) and a GE Vivid 7 Dimension ultrasound system. Two-dimensional short-axis views and M-mode tracings of the LV at the papillary muscle level were recorded and used to estimate various LV parameters. Results: We found that 24mo-Female rats had a significant increase in LV chamber dimensions associated with a reduction in its systolic performance as compared to 12mo-Female rats (Table 1). In contrast, LV parameters remained similar between 12mo- and 24mo-Male rats. Table 1. Echocardiographic parameters of LV chamber geometry and systolic performance Values are means ± SE. Arrow indicates a significant difference between age groups ( P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that during cardiac aging female rats have a different pattern of LV changes compared to males that must be considered in the design of future experimental studies.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1417-R1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a chronic intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on energy balance of male and female rats. One week after their delivery to the laboratory, both male and female rats were divided into two groups. One group in each sex was treated with human/rat CRF, while another group was infused with the vehicle. Chronic administration of CRF was accomplished by means of miniosmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was stereotaxically directed into the third ventricle. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were killed by decapitation. Energy, fat, and protein contents of the carcasses were quantified. Serum testosterone and estradiol were assayed in males and females, respectively. Administration of CRF significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake in male rats. No significant difference in those variables was observed between female rats treated with CRF and their controls infused with saline. Similarly, metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain were reduced in male rats infused with CRF, whereas no difference was observed between female animals treated with CRF and those infused with saline. In male rats, body fat and body protein contents were lower in CRF-treated than in saline-infused rats. In female rats, CRF did not affect body composition. Serum testosterone in male rats and serum estradiol in female animals were reduced after chronic infusion of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Dietary cottonseed consumption induced subfertility in male and female rats: a potent eco-friendly rodenticide compound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Nowzari ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Nader Tanideh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dorvash ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cottonseed Flour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Effects of cottonseed flour in male and female rats’ fertility based on hormonal and histomorphometry changes were studied. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male and female rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Treatment group was received diets containing cottonseed flour for 35 days. Control group was given standard rat food. Body and testis weights, epididymis semen evaluation indices and serum sex steroid hormones were determined. Histomorphometry alterations of testes and ovary were evaluated. Then, normal female and male rats were mated by rats in both groups and after 35 days, number of pups was measured. However, there was no significant difference in whole body and testes weights, sperm concentration and viability between the control and treatment groups, respectively. Moreover, sperm motility in the treatment rats was significantly lower than the control group. Serum hormones alterations were not significant, but histomorphometry evaluations of testes showed significant changes in the testis structures after chronic consumption of cottonseed flour. In the female rats, body weight did not have significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Histomorphometry data in female ovary showed significant reduction of primary follicle volume and number in the treatment group against control. Follicle stimulating hormone showed insignificant reduction in the treatment group. Number of pups was significantly reduced in the female rats fed by cottonseed flour. Cottonseed flour in rat diet had adverse effects on rat reproduction. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient product for control of the rat population as a natural rodenticide agent.

scholarly journals The Poststroke Peripheral Immune Response Is Differentially Regulated by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Aged Male and Female Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Davis ◽  
Lisa A. Collier ◽  
Sarah J. Messmer ◽  
Keith R. Pennypacker
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. The goal of this study was to determine whether leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes anti-inflammatory activity after stroke in a sex-dependent manner. Methods. Aged (18-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes underwent sham surgery or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Animals received three doses of intravenous LIF (125 μg/kg) or PBS at 6, 24, and 48 h before euthanization at 72 h. Spleen weights were measured immediately following euthanization. Western blot was used to measure protein levels of CCL8, CD11b, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-12 p40, IL-3, and the LIF receptor (LIFR) in spleen tissue. ELISA was used to measure IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ in spleen tissue. A Griess Assay was used to indirectly quantify NO levels via measurement of nitrite. Levels of cellular markers and inflammatory mediators were normalized to the baseline (sham) group from each sex. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Results. Aged female rats showed a significantly lower spleen weight after MCAO, but showed a significant increase in spleen size after LIF treatment. This effect was observed in aged male rats, but not to as great of an extent. CD11b levels were significantly higher in the spleens of MCAO+PBS males compared to their female counterparts, but there was no significant difference in CD11b levels between MCAO+LIF males and females. LIF significantly increased CXCL9 after LIF treatment in aged male and female rats. LIFR and IL-3 were upregulated after LIF treatment in aged females. Splenic nitrate increased after MCAO but decreased after LIF treatment in aged females. Splenic nitrate levels did not increase after MCAO but did increase after LIF treatment in aged males. The following cytokines/chemokines were not altered by sex or treatment: TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 p40, CCL8, IFNγ, and CXCL10. Conclusions. LIF treatment after permanent MCAO induces sex-dependent effects on the poststroke splenic response and the production of proinflammatory cytokines among aged rats.

INDUCTION OF GOITRE BY PTU OR KClO4 IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS. EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jolín ◽  
M. J. Tarin ◽  
M. D. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Content ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Tsh Levels

ABSTRACT Male and female rats of varying ages were placad on a low iodine diet (LID) plus KClO4 or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) or on the same diet supplemented with I (control rats). Goitrogenesis was also induced with LID plus PTU in gonadectomized animals of both sexes. The weight of the control and goitrogen treated animals, and the weight and iodine content of their thyroids were determined, as well as the plasma PBI, TSH, insulin and glucose levels. The pituitary GH-like protein content was assessed by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. If goitrogenesis was induced in young rats of both sexes starting with rats of the same age, body weight (B.W.) and pituitary growth hormone (GH) content, it was found that both the males and females developed goitres of the same size. On the contrary, when goitrogenesis was induced in adult animals, it was found that male rats, that had larger B.W. and pituitary GH content than age-paired females, developed larger goitres. However, both male and female rats were in a hypothyroid condition of comparable degree as judged by the thyroidal iodine content and the plasma PBI and TSH levels. When all the data on the PTU or KClO4-treated male and female rats of varying age and B.W. were considered together, it was observed that the weights of the thyroids increased proportionally to B.W. However, a difference in the slope of the regression of the thyroid weight over B.W. was found between male and female rats, due to the fact that adult male rats develop larger goitres than female animals. In addition, in the male rats treated with PTU, gonadectomy decreased the B.W., pituitary content of GH-like protein and, concomitantly, the size of the goitre decreased; an opposite effect was induced by ovariectomy on the female animals. However, when goitrogenesis was induced in weight-paired adult rats of both sexes, the male animals still developed larger goitres than the females. Among all the parameters studied here, the only ones which appeared to bear a consistent relationship with the size of the goitres in rats of different sexes, treated with a given goitrogen, were the rate of body growth and the amount of a pituitary GH-like protein found before the onset of the goitrogen treatment. Moreover, though the pituitary content of the GH-like protein decreased as a consequence of goitrogen treatment, it was still somewhat higher in male that in female animals. The present results suggest that GH may somehow be involved in the mechanism by which male and female rats on goitrogens develop goitres of different sizes, despite equally high plasma TSH levels.

scholarly journals Analysis of sex differences in dietary copper-fructose interaction-induced alterations of gut microbial activity in relation to hepatic steatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Song ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Xipeng Ma ◽  
Xinmin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Abstract Background Inadequate copper intake and increased fructose consumption represent two important nutritional problems in the USA. Dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity and contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study is to determine whether dietary copper-fructose interactions alter gut microbial activity in a sex-differential manner and whether sex differences in gut microbial activity are associated with sex differences in hepatic steatosis. Methods Male and female weanling Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed ad libitum with an AIN-93G purified rodent diet with defined copper content for 8 weeks. The copper content is 6 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg in adequate copper diet (CuA) and marginal copper diet (CuM), respectively. Animals had free access to either deionized water or deionized water containing 10% fructose (F) (w/v) as the only drink during the experiment. Body weight, calorie intake, plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histology as well as liver triglyceride were evaluated. Fecal microbial contents were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing. Fecal and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results Male and female rats exhibit similar trends of changes in the body weight gain and calorie intake in response to dietary copper and fructose, with a generally higher level in male rats. Several female rats in the CuAF group developed mild steatosis, while no obvious steatosis was observed in male rats fed with CuAF or CuMF diets. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct alterations of the gut microbiome in male and female rats. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) identified sex-specific abundant taxa in different groups. Further, total SCFAs, as well as, butyrate were decreased in a more pronounced manner in female CuMF rats than in male rats. Of note, the decreased SCFAs are concomitant with the reduced SCFA producers, but not correlated to hepatic steatosis. Conclusions Our data demonstrated sex differences in the alterations of gut microbial abundance, activities, and hepatic steatosis in response to dietary copper-fructose interaction in rats. The correlation between sex differences in metabolic phenotypes and alterations of gut microbial activities remains elusive.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Escalated Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Altered Gene Expression Associated With Incubation of Methamphetamine Seeking

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 710-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul P Daiwile ◽  
Subramaniam Jayanthi ◽  
Bruce Ladenheim ◽  
Michael T McCoy ◽  
Christie Brannock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is prevalent worldwide. There are reports of sex differences in quantities of drug used and relapses to drug use among individuals with METH use disorder. However, the molecular neurobiology of these potential sex differences remains unknown. Methods We trained rats to self-administer METH (0. 1 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) on an fixed-ratio-1 schedule for 20 days using two 3-hour daily METH sessions separated by 30-minute breaks. At the end of self-administration training, rats underwent tests of cue-induced METH seeking on withdrawal days 3 and 30. Twenty-four hours later, nucleus accumbens was dissected and then used to measure neuropeptide mRNA levels. Results Behavioral results show that male rats increased the number of METH infusions earlier during self-administration training and took more METH than females. Both male and female rats could be further divided into 2 phenotypes labeled high and low takers based on the degree of escalation that they exhibited during the course of the METH self-administration experiment. Both males and females exhibited incubation of METH seeking after 30 days of forced withdrawal. Females had higher basal mRNA levels of dynorphin and hypocretin/orexin receptors than males, whereas males expressed higher vasopressin mRNA levels than females under saline and METH conditions. Unexpectedly, only males showed increased expression of nucleus accumbens dynorphin after METH self-administration. Moreover, there were significant correlations between nucleus accumbens Hcrtr1, Hcrtr2, Crhr2, and Avpr1b mRNA levels and cue-induced METH seeking only in female rats. Conclusion Our results identify some behavioral and molecular differences between male and female rats that had self-administered METH. Sexual dimorphism in responses to METH exposure should be considered when developing potential therapeutic agents against METH use disorder.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effects of Diminazene Aceturate in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Male and Female Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Malek ◽  
Mehdi Nematbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Background. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor (ACE2/Ang-1-7/MasR) appears to counteract most of the deleterious actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin II receptor 1 (ACE/Ang II/AT1R) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury but ACE2 activity and its levels are sexually dimorphic in the kidney. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of activation endogenous ACE2 using the diminazene aceturate (DIZE) in renal I/R injury in male and female rats.Methods. 36 Wistar rats were divided into two groups of male and female and each group distinct to three subgroups (n=6). I/R group was subjected to 45 min of bilateral ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion, while treatment group received DIZE (15 mg/kg/day) for three days before the induction of I/R. The other group was assigned as the sham-operated group.Results. DIZE treatment in male rats caused a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, liver functional indices, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase kidney nitrite levels (P<0.05), and in female rats a significant increase in creatinine and decrease serum nitrite levels compared to the I/R group (P<0.05).Conclusions. DIZE may protect the male kidney from renal I/RI through antioxidant activity and elevation of circulating nitrite level.

Gender-based differences in the effect of dietary cholesterol in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Marounek ◽  
Zdeněk Volek ◽  
Eva Skřivanová ◽  
Marian Czauderna
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acid Concentration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Supplementation

AbstractMale and female rats were fed diets supplemented with cholesterol and palm fat at 10 and 50 g/kg, respectively; serum, hepatic tissue and faeces were analysed. Cholesterol supplementation significantly increased serum and hepatic cholesterol both in male and female rats. Male and female rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet differed significantly in serum cholesterol concentration (2.48 µmol/mL vs 2.92 µmol/mL), concentration of serum triacylglycerols, but not in hepatic cholesterol concentration. The serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations correlated non-significantly in male rats (r=0.491; P=0.063) and significantly in female rats (r=0.818; P<0.001). Cholesterol supplementation non-significantly decreased relative expression of the hepatic LDL receptor gene and significantly increased relative expression of the hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene in rats of both genders. The faeces of control rats contained similar amounts of cholesterol and bile acids. Cholesterol supplementation increased cholesterol concentration 10 times in the faeces of male rats and 12 times in faeces of female rats. The corresponding increases of bile acid concentration were much lower (83% in male rats and 108% in female rats). It can be concluded that the effects of cholesterol supplementation were more pronounced in female than in male rats.

scholarly journals 17-β-Estradiol Induces Heat Shock Proteins in Brain Arteries and Potentiates Ischemic Heat Shock Protein Induction in Glia and Neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigang Lu ◽  
Rui-qiong Ran ◽  
Joseph Clark ◽  
Melinda Reilly ◽  
Alex Nee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Estradiol reduces brain injury from many diseases, including stroke and trauma. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of this protection, the effects of 17-β-estradiol on heat shock protein (HSP) expression were studied in normal male and female rats and in male gerbils after global ischemia. 17-β-Estradiol was given intraperitoneally (46 or 460 ng/kg, or 4.6 μg/kg) and Western blots performed for HSPs. 17-β-Estradiol increased hemeoxygenase-1, HSP25/27, and HSP70 in the brain of male and female rats. Six hours after the administration of 17-β-estradiol, hemeoxygenase-1 increased 3.9-fold (460 ng/kg) and 5.4-fold (4.6 μg/kg), HSP25/27 increased 2.1-fold (4.6 μg/kg), and Hsp70 increased 2.3-fold (460 ng/kg). Immunocytochemistry showed that hemeoxygenase-1, HSP25/27,and HSP70 induction was localized to cerebral arteries in male rats, possibly in vascular smooth muscle cells. 17-β-Estradiol was injected intraperitoneally 20 minutes before transient occlusion of both carotids in adult gerbils. Six hours after global cerebral ischemia, 17-β-estradiol (460 ng/kg) increased levels of hemeoxygenase-1 protein 2.4-fold compared with ischemia alone, and HSP25/27 levels increased 1.8-fold compared with ischemia alone. Hemeoxygenase-1 was induced in striatal oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons, and HSP25/27 levels increased in striatal astrocytes and hippocampal neurons. Finally, Western blot analysis confirmed that estrogen induced heat shock factor-1, providing a possible mechanism by which estrogen induces HSPs in brain and other tissues. The induction of HSPs may be an important mechanism for estrogen protection against cerebral ischemia and other types of injury.

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