Assessing the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties of PLA parts using Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110530
Author(s):  
Nagarjuna Maguluri ◽  
Gamini Suresh ◽  
K Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Printing Speed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a fast-expanding additive manufacturing technique for fabricating various polymer components in engineering and medical applications. The mechanical properties of components printed with the FDM method are influenced by several process parameters. In the current work, the influence of nozzle temperature, infill density, and printing speed on the tensile properties of specimens printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament was investigated. With an objective to achieve better tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain; Taguchi L8 array has been used for framing experimental runs, and eight experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the nozzle temperature significantly influences the tensile properties of the FDM printed PLA products followed by infill density. The optimum processing parameters were determined for the FDM printed PLA material at a nozzle temperature of 220°C, infill density of 100%, and printing speed of 20 mm/s.

Mechanical properties analysis of polyetherimide parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Jiang ◽  
Guangxin Liao ◽  
Dingding Xu ◽  
Fenghua Liu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Polyetherimide (PEI) is a kind of high-performance polymer, which possesses a high glass transition temperature ( Tg), excellent flame retardancy, low smoke generation, and good mechanical properties. In this article, PEI was applied in the fused deposition modeling (FDM)–based 3-D printing for the first time. The entire process from filament extrusion to printing was studied. It was observed that the filament orientation and nozzle temperature were closely related to the mechanical properties of printed samples. When the nozzle temperature is 370°C, the mean tensile strength of FDM printing parts can reach to 104 MPa, which is only 7% lower than that of injection molded parts. It can be seen that the 0° orientation set of samples show the highest storage modulus (2492 MPa) followed by the 45° samples, and the 90° orientation set of samples show the minimum storage modulus (1420 MPa) at room temperature. The above results indicated that this technique allows the production of parts with adequate mechanical performance, which does not need to be restricted to the production of mock-ups and prototypes. Our work broke the limitations of traditional FDM technology and expanded the types of material available for FDM to the high-temperature engineering plastics.

scholarly journals FDM 3D Printing of Polymers Containing Natural Fillers: A Review of their Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mazzanti ◽  
Lorenzo Malagutti ◽  
Francesco Mollica
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Additive Formulation ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

As biodegradable thermoplastics are more and more penetrating the market of filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, fillers in the form of natural fibers are convenient: They have the clear advantage of reducing cost, yet retaining the filament biodegradability characteristics. In plastics that are processed through standard techniques (e.g., extrusion or injection molding), natural fibers have a mild reinforcing function, improving stiffness and strength, it is thus interesting to evaluate whether the same holds true also in the case of FDM produced components. The results analyzed in this review show that the mechanical properties of the most common materials, i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and PLA, do not benefit from biofillers, while other less widely used polymers, such as the polyolefins, are found to become more performant. Much research has been devoted to studying the effect of additive formulation and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of biofilled 3D printed specimens. The results look promising due to the relevant number of articles published in this field in the last few years. This notwithstanding, not all aspects have been explored and more could potentially be obtained through modifications of the usual FDM techniques and the devices that have been used so far.

scholarly journals Research on the Fused Deposition Modeling of Polyether Ether Ketone

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Ruoxiang Gao ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Jinghui Yang ◽  
Chaojie Zhuo ◽  
Jianzhong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Warpage Deformation ◽  
Printing Speed

As a special engineering polymer, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been used widely due to its excellent mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a promising process for fabricating PEEK parts. However, due to the semi-crystalline property and high melting point of PEEK, determining appropriate process parameters is important to reduce warpage deformation and improve the mechanical properties of PEEK. In this article, the influence of raster angle and infill density was determined by single factor experiment, which are the two most important parameters. The results showed that samples with 0°/90° raster angle and 50% infill density had the best comprehensive properties in terms of warpage deformation, tensile strength, and specific strength. Subsequently, based on the results above, the effects of printing speed, nozzle temperature, platform temperature, raster width, and layer thickness were analyzed by orthogonal experiment. The results indicated that platform temperature had the greatest impact on warpage deformation while printing speed and nozzle temperature were significant parameters on tensile strength. Through optimization, warpage deformation of the samples could be reduced to almost 0 and tensile strength could increase by 19.6% (from 40.56 to 48.50 MPa). This will support the development of FDM for PEEK.

Enhancing the mechanical properties of SCF/PEEK composites in FDM via process-parameter optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110036
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Zehua Xing ◽  
Weidong Wu ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Huamin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Short-carbon-fiber (SCF)–reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a promising polymer composite material with good biocompatibility, a high strength-to-weight ratio, and low friction properties. In artificial-bone fabrication and other applications with more flexible fabrication demands, fused-deposition modeling (FDM) technology enables the rapid and low-cost fabrication of SCF/PEEK parts with sophisticated structures. Owing to the high viscosity of melting PEEK composites, great challenges, associated with the poor internal interface, need to be overcome before enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained. In this study, key processing parameters and various SCF amounts were studied to investigate their effects on the mechanical properties of PEEK composites. It was revealed that the existence of voids and gaps between the SCF and PEEK led to a decrease in the strength of the composite systems. The FDM processing parameters were tuned to eliminate these defects in the PEEK composites. The tensile strength of the 2% SCF/PEEK sample reached 96.4 MPa, which is comparable to that of PEEK parts prepared by injection molding. Meanwhile, its elastic modulus reached 2.6 GPa, which is 169% higher than that of the bare PEEK sample.

scholarly journals Fused deposition modeling of polypropylene-aluminium silicate dihydrate microcomposites

e-Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Kilole Tesfaye Chaka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Aluminium Silicate

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) undergoes fast crystallization and resulting in rigorous shrinkage when it is subjected to high temperature likewise of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. This research study focuses on the investigation of the processing parameters and factors that decrease the warpage of PP during the FDM process. Aluminium silicate dihydrate (K) microparticles of different ratios were melt blended with PP by a twin-screw extruder, and filaments of about 1.7 mm diameter were extruded in a single screw extruder. Then, the extruded filaments were used to fabricate the dumbbells structure through the FDM process. The effects of optimizing the fused deposition temperature, coating the chamber with thick papers/fabrics, and coating a printer bed with PP material were also investigated in this study. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, melt flow, and mechanical properties testing instruments are used to analyze the microparticles dispersion, crystallization, flow, and mechanical properties of resulting samples. Uniformly dispersed filler and increased printing chamber temperature result in an increase of crystallization temperature and improve the dimensional accuracy of fused deposited specimens. The fused deposited PP-K10 wt% composite showed an improvement of up to 32% in tensile modulus compared to the neat PP.

Fused deposition modeling with polyamide 1012

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Gao ◽  
Daijun Zhang ◽  
Xiangning Wen ◽  
Shunxin Qi ◽  
Yunlan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Ductility ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Printing Parameters

Purpose This work aims to develop a new kind of semicrystalline polymer filament and optimize its printing parameters in the fused deposition modeling process. The purpose of this work also includes producing FDM parts with good ductility. Design/methodology/approach A new kind of semicrystalline filaments composed of long-chain polyamide (PA)1012 was prepared by controlling screw speed and pulling speed carefully. The optimal printing parameters for PA1012 filaments were explored through investigating dimensional accuracy and bonding strength of FDM parts. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PA1012 specimens were also evaluated by varying nozzle temperatures and raster angles. Findings It is found that PA1012 filaments can accommodate for FDM process under suitable printing parameters. The print quality and mechanical properties of FDM parts highly depend on nozzle temperature and bed temperature. Even though higher temperatures facilitate stronger interlayer bonding, FDM parts with excellent tensile strength were obtained at a moderate nozzle temperature. Moreover, a bed temperature well above the glass transition temperature of PA1012 can eliminate shrinkage and distortion of FDM parts. As expected, FDM parts prepared with PA1012 filaments exhibit good ductility. Originality/value Results in this work demonstrate that the PA1012 filament allows the production of FDM parts with desired mechanical performance. This indicates the potential for overcoming the dependence on amorphous thermoplastics as a feedstock in the FDM technique. This work also provides insight into the effect of materials properties on the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Nylon Parts Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Sabit Hasçelik ◽  
◽  
Ömer T. Öztürk ◽  
Sezer Özerinç ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Two Parameters

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique for producing polymeric parts. While most commonly used FDM filaments are PLA and ABS, nylon is a widely used thermoplastic polymer in industry. This study investigated the mechanical properties of FDM-produced specimens made of nylon and quantified the effect of process parameters such as raster orientation and nozzle temperature on the mechanical properties. As the nozzle temperature increases, specimens become stronger with higher elongations at the break. This is mainly due to the improved fusion between the layers, provided by an expansion of the heat-affected zone. On the other hand, specimens with diagonal raster orientation exhibit higher elongations than those with perpendicular and parallel raster. The findings also emphasize the synergistic effects between nozzle temperature and printing orientation, showing that optimization should consider the two parameters together. Overall, FDM can produce strong nylon parts with adequate ductility suitable for load-bearing applications. However, achieving such results requires a detailed optimization of process parameters.

The development of a conical screw-based extrusion deposition system and its application in fused deposition modeling with thermoplastic polyurethane

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Leng ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Purpose This paper aims to develop an integrated and portable desktop 3D printer using direct extruding technology to expand applied material field. Different from conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) which uses polymer filaments as feedstock, the developed system can fabricate products directly using polymer pellets. And its printing properties are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach A conical screw-based extrusion deposition (CSBED) system was developed with a large taper conical screw to plasticize and extrude fed materials. The 3D printer was developed with assistance of precision positioning and controlling system. Biocompatible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pellets were selected as raw materials for experiments. The influences of four processing parameters: nozzle temperature, fill vector orientation, layer thickness and infill density on the product’s internal structure and tensile properties were investigated. Findings It is concluded that the customized system has a high manufacturing accuracy with a diminutive global size and is suitable for printing soft materials such as TPU. Theoretical calculation shows the developed conical screw is more effective in plasticizing and extruding compared with conventional screw. Printed samples can achieve applicable tensile properties under harmonious parameter cooperation. Deposited materials are found to have voids among adjacent roads under unbefitting parameters. Originality/value The developed system efficiently improves material limitations compared to commercial FDM systems and exhibits great potential in medical field because soft materials such as biocompatible TPU pellets can be directly used.

Effect of process parameters of fused deposition modeling on mechanical properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone and carbon fiber/poly-ether-ether-ketone

2022 ◽  
pp. 095400832110673
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Aigang Pan ◽  
Liu Xia ◽  
Yitao Cao ◽  
Hongjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

As a rapidly developing additive manufacturing technology, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become widespread in many industry fields. It can fabricate complicated geometries using filament of thermoplastic materials such as PP, polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, etc. However, poor mechanical properties of raw materials limit their application. Poly-ether-ether-ketone is a type of special engineering plastic with high performance, which could be further reinforced by adding carbon fibers (CFs). During FDM process, the mechanical properties of printed parts are largely subject to careful selection of process parameters. To improve the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK 3D-printed parts, the effects of various process parameters including building orientation, raster angle, nozzle temperature, platform temperature, ambient temperature, printing speed, layer thickness, infill density, and number of printed parts on mechanical properties were investigated. The tensile fracture interfaces of printed parts were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to explain the influence mechanism of process parameters. In the single factor experiments, flat and on-edge specimens show the best tensile and flexural strength, respectively; the specimens with raster angle ±45° and 0° show the best tensile and flexural strength, respectively. When the nozzle temperature at 500°C, platform temperature at 200°C, ambient temperature at 150°C, printing speed is 20 mm/s, layer thickness is 0.2 mm, and infill density is 100%, the printed parts exhibit the best mechanical properties.

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