scholarly journals Peter the Great in the historiosophy of Vasily Rozanov

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Irena A. Yedoshina

The article is in the problematic field of the historiosophy of Russian culture. In understanding the essence of historiosophy, the author of the article focuses on the deontology by Nikolai Kareev and the “passionarity” theory of Lev Gumilyov. In addition, the works of contemporary researchers of Russian historiosophy are involved. The texts of Vasily Rozanov, associated with his understanding of the personality of Peter the Great, the first Emperor’s place and role in Russian history. In choosing Vasily Rozanov’s texts, the author of the article uses a chronological method, a way to present V. Rozanov’s historiosophical views in development. In addition, the historical and cultural method is used to explain the essence of the meanings of historical phenomena, sometimes their inconsistency. The article notes that for the first time Vasily Rozanov turns to the personality of Peter the Great in his philosophical treatise “On Understanding”, where he points to the originality of Peter I and inscribes him in world history. It turns out that in the articles of the 1890s, Vasily Rozanov discovers in Peter I a person who brings suffering to the country and at the same time sincerely loves it. In a special article about Peter I and later in “Fallen Leaves”, Vasily Rozanov reveals the most significant ideals realised by the Emperor. In his final work, Vasily Rozanov emphasises the need for Peter I and, at the same time, the tragic consequences of his reforms for the country. As a result, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Peter the Great is the alpha and the omega of Vasily Rozanov’s historiosophical views.

Author(s):  
Andrzej Walicki

‘The Russian Idea’ is a term used by Russian thinkers to define specific features of Russian culture, the spiritual make-up of the Russian nation, the meaning of Russian history and, as a rule (although not always), Russia’s unique mission in the universal history of humanity. The term was introduced for the first time in 1861 by Dostoevskii, for whom the essence of the Russian Idea was the ‘universal humanity’ (or ‘all-humanity’) of the Russian spirit. At the same time however, Dostoevskii linked the Russian Idea with Russian imperial messianism. Thus, the notion of the Russian Idea included from its beginning a characteristic tension between striving for universalism and nationalist self-assertion.. The first philosopher to devote a special separate work to the Russian Idea (l’Idée russe, Paris, 1888) was Vladimir Solov’ëv, for whom the national idea was ‘not what a given nation thinks about itself in time, but what God thinks about it in eternity’. He was influenced by Dostoevskii but, challenging Russian nationalists, put much greater emphasis on universalism, stressing that the peculiar greatness of the Russians consisted in their capacity for ‘self-renunciation’. The first case of this self-renunciation was the so-called ‘calling of the Varangians’, that is, the voluntary acceptance of foreign rule; the second was the reforms of Peter the Great: rejection of native traditions for the sake of universal progress. Now the Russian nation should commit itself to the third, most important act of self-renunciation: to submit itself to the authority of the pope, restoring thereby the unity of the Universal Church and bringing about the reconciliation between East and West. But this act of humility was seen by Solov’ëv as a precondition from the fulfilment of Russia’s great mission of creating the universal, freely theocratic Christian Empire. Solov’ëv invoked in this connection the monk Philotheus’ idea of ‘Moscow as the Third Rome’ but reversed its meaning by putting emphasis on symbolic Rome, that is, not on national isolationism and keeping intact the purity of the Orthodox faith, but on ecumenical universalism and the messianic task of the Christian transformation of the world. Owing to Solov’ëv, the term ‘Russian Idea’ came to be applied retrospectively, as a designation of a set of problems characteristic for Russian philosophical discussions about the essence of ‘Russianness’. Most historians agree that these problems were formulated under the reign of Nicholas I and that the first thinker who posed them forcefully was Pëtr Chaadaev.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.


2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-213
Author(s):  
KLÁRA MÓRICZ

AbstractRussian composer Arthur Vincent Lourié (1881/2–1966) dedicated his The Blackamoor of Peter the Great (1948–1961), an opera based on Pushkin's story about the poet's African great-grandfather, to ‘Russian culture, the Russian people and Russian history.’ Neoclassical in its subject matter, reliance on conventional musical forms, and adherence to tonality, Lourié's Blackamoor is nevertheless also an exemplary symbolist opera. This article explains three symbolist aspects of the work: the sources of its libretto (Lourié's librettist Irina Graham interspersed the libretto with symbolist texts), its multi-layered cultural associations, and Lourié's decision to liberate and embody the erotic drive of the main character Ibrahim by representing it as the figure of Eros. Eradicated during the years of Stalinist terror, the culture of Silver Age Russia thus continued to find a voice in the emigrant Lourié's last opera.


1967 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Alexander Lipski

It is generally accepted that even though rationalism was predominant during the eighteenth century, a significant mystical trend was simultaneously present. Thus it was not only the Age of Voltaire, Diderot, and Holbach, but also the Age of St. Martin, Eckartshausen and Madame Guyon. With increased Western influence on Russia, it was natural that Russia too would be affected by these contrary currents. The reforms of Peter the Great, animated by a utilitarian spirit, had brought about a secularization of Russian culture. Father Florovsky aptly summed up the state of mind of the Russian nobility as a result of the Petrine Revolution: “The consciousness of these new people had been extroverted to an extreme degree.” Some of the “new people,” indifferent to their previous Weltanschauung, Orthodoxy, adopted the philosophy of the Enlightenment, “Volter'ianstvo” (Voltairism). But “Volter'ianstvo” with its cult of reason and belief in a remote creator of the “world machine,“ did not permanently satisfy those with deeper religious longings. While conventional Orthodoxy, with its emphasis on external rites, could not fill the spiritual vacuum, Western mysticism, entering Russia chiefly through freemasonry, provided a satisfactory alternative to “Volter'ianstvo.”


2014 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Dubina ◽  
Vladimir V. Plotnikov ◽  
Nina S. Kot

Dynamics of the sea ice cover in Peter the Great Bay is considered, for the first time for its whole area, on the base of satellite images received in 2004-2011 from the spectroradiometers MODIS mounted on the satellites Terra and Aqua. High spatial resolution maps of the ice drift are constructed for various wind conditions. Mean values of the drift velocity and wind coefficient are calculated for four parts of the Bay. In usual conditions of winter monsoon, the ice in the central part of Peter the Great Bay drifts southward with the velocity 0.5-0.6 m/s with deviation from the wind direction about 40° to the right; the ice at the western coast drifts along the island chain with the velocity 0.1-0.4 m/s under wind of any direction in the quadrant from northwest to northeast.


Author(s):  
Oleksandr Antonenko ◽  
Margaryta Antonenko

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of festivals of spiritual songs in the context of the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the late twentieth – early twentieth century. The methodology is based on historical and culturological approaches. A systematic method is also used to characterize festivals of the Orthodox music tradition in their connection with other components of culture; socio-cultural method – in the study of socio-cultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the activity of festivals of Orthodox sacred music as a new phenomenon in the musical culture of Ukraine is comprehensively analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence and active functioning of festivals of spiritual songs is one of the leading trends in the development of Orthodox musical culture in Ukraine. The ideological direction of the festivals is primarily of religious content, and, in addition to overcoming the negative trends in the field of culture, their leading function is the revival of orthodox traditions. Festivals of sacred music in Ukraine currently perform two main functions: educational and cultural. They contribute to the revival of the traditions of orthodox musical culture; demonstrate the traditions of orthodoxy in modern socio-cultural conditions; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine.


Author(s):  
L.D. Melnichuk

The purpose of the article is to identify the ideological and stylistic features of the work of the modern Russian artist Maria A. Maslennikova, who continues the best traditions of Russian culture, especially the art of St. Petersburg. Until now, not a single article has been devoted to the talented representative of artistic creativity, working in the pastel technique. But the master takes an active part in various exhibitions in Russia and abroad. The totality of Maslennikova's artworks is a significant example of contemporary fine art. The artist's graphic sheets embody important topical searches of contemporary art: the original author's development of the landscape genre, Russian-Finnish interaction in the field of art, the specifics of the perception of northern nature, the continuation of the traditions of the Leningrad landscape. The realistic method closest to the artist proves its relevance in her works and demonstrates the limitless possibilities that allow it to solve a variety of artistic tasks. The artist's work fully manifested the so urgent nowadays “ecological consciousness”, calling for the preservation of natural wealth, the growth of ecological culture. Reproductions of the master's paintings are published here for the first time. The statements of Maria Maslennikova, who has an undoubted literary talent, about herself, her work, and their origins, are very valuable. Along with pastels, she uses oil, acrylic, gouache, and acrylic tempera. Attention is drawn to the originality of the painting technique, most often used by the master — working with very soft dry pastels on pastel or primed paper. The pastel landscape, representing the quivering, austere or monumental image of the nature of the Karelian Isthmus, is the most widespread in the work of the master. The landscape of the Himalayas also occupies a large place in her work. The artist makes her unique contribution to the artistic and aesthetic comprehension of the Himalayas and Eastern culture. The unrecognizability of nature by man, the need to search for their harmonious coexistence is the main pathos of the master's work, the identification of which is aimed at the entire complex of meaningful and artistic means of her works, which is consistently considered in this article. Задачей статьи является выявление идейно-стилистических особенностей творчества современной российской художницы Марии Александровны Масленниковой, продолжающей лучшие традиции российской культуры, в особенности искусства Санкт-Петербурга. Талантливой представительнице художественного творчества, работающей в технике пастели, до настоящего времени не было посвящено ни одной статьи. Но мастер активно принимает участие в различных выставках в России и за рубежом. Корпус работ Масленниковой является значительным образцом современного изобразительного искусства. В листах художницы воплощены актуальные поиски современного искусства: оригинальная авторская разработка жанра пейзажа, русско-финское взаимодействие в области искусства, специфика восприятия северной природы, продолжение традиций ленинградского пейзажа. Наиболее близкий художнице реалистический метод доказывает в ее работах свою актуальность и демонстрирует безграничные возможности, позволяющие решать самые разные художественные задачи. В творчестве художницы в полной мере проявилось столь актуальное ныне «экологическое сознание», призывающее к сохранению природного богатства, росту экологической культуры. Приводимые репродукции картин мастера публикуются впервые. Ценны высказывания Марии Масленниковой, обладающей несомненным литературным дарованием, о себе, своем творчестве, его истоках. Наряду с пастелью художница применяет масло, акрил, гуашь, акриловую темперу. В статье обращено внимание на своеобразие живописной техники, чаще всего применяемой мастером, — работе очень мягкой сухой пастелью по пастельной или грунтованной бумаге. Пастельный пейзаж, представляющий трепетно-строгий или монументальный образ природы Карельского перешейка, является самым распространенным в творчестве мастера. Изображение природы Гималаев также занимает большое место в ее творчестве. Художница вносит свой неповторимый вклад в художественно-эстетическое осмысление Гималаев и восточной культуры. Непознаваемость природы человеком, необходимость поиска их гармоничного сосуществования — основной пафос творчества М. Масленниковой, на выявление которого нацелен весь комплекс содержательно-художественных средств ее работ, последовательно рассмотренный в предлагаемой статье.


Author(s):  
N. V. Mikhaylova

Holy Trinity in Russian religious philosophy through category of catholicity image of the and paradigm of the manifestation of the love. Trinitarian stated as one of the characteristics of traditional Russian culture. For the first time determined three plans of exist of the basic characteristics of culture.


Author(s):  
O.L. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bessonova ◽  
T.A. Emelyanova ◽  
◽  
...  

The results of the biostratigraphic study based on the radiolarian analysis of the rhythmically layered terrigenous deposits from the Islands of the Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) have been presented. These deposits are most similar to the medium-grained turbidites. For the first time the distribution and stratigraphic division of the boundary sediments of the upper Triassic and lower Jurassic separated by a marking layer were substantiated in the research area. On the basis of comparisons with isochronous zonal units of the Pacific and Tethyan areas in the upper Triassic sediments of the studied sections, layers with Globolaxtorum tozeri (upper Rhaetian) were established, and in the lower Jurassic zone Pantanellium tanuense Zone (Hettangian) was traced and layers with Parahsuum simplum (Sinemurian – Pliensbachian) were established.


Author(s):  
Knud Rasmussen

Knud Rasmussen (1930–1985) was a famous Danish historian, Professor at Institute of Slavic Studies at University of Copenhagen, specialist in medieval Russia, author of a dozen of scientific monographs published in large editions including in Russian. In 1973, he defended his thesis titled “The Livonian crisis of 1554–1561”. According to the list of works published by J. Lind, 13 publications are devoted to the epoch of Ivan the Terrible. This article, published for the first time, is presented in the form of a report at the conference in Hungary. The scientist consistently outlined the main tasks and problems related to the study of Russian history abroad, in particular, in Denmark. He told what plan was built for the team of Danish historians who decided in the early 1970s to prepare a textbook on Russian history in the form of a problem historiographic course for Danish students, and how this plan was implemented. The study of works on Russian history and their systematization helped the team of Danish historians, which included K. Rasmussen, develop a special historiographic method and its principles, which led to developing understanding of the problematic historical field as a whole and placing individual research in it. As a result, a multivolume manual was written; by the time of K. Rasmussen’s speech, 3 volumes were published, covering the period of Russian history from the 17th to the 20th century inclusive. K. Rasmussen worked on preparing a volume on the Russian history of the 16th century. In the second part of his speech (article), the author shared his thoughts on the chosen approach to the assessment of historiography and spoke about the content of this volume, where he outlined the controversial problem of enslaving peasants, discussions on the reasons for backwardness of Russian cities as the basis of Moscow defeats in Livonia, possible ways of Russian revival, on the state and its institutions and on the development of historical events in the field of domestic policy. This volume was published after the death of the author in the same year: Rasmussen Knud. Ruslands historie i det 16. Arhundrede: En forsknings-og kildeoversigt. Kobenhavn, 1985. 161 s. Bibliography about K. Rasmussen: Lind J. Creative Way Knud Rasmussen (on the 10th anniversary of his death) // Archeographic Yearbook for 1995. – Moscow : Nauka, 1995. – P. 160–165; Lind J. H. Knud Rasmussen in memoriam // Jacob Ulfeld. Travel to Russia. – M. : Languages of Slavic culture, 2002. – Р. 17–25; Vozgrin V. E. Knud Rasmussen and Zans Bagger – Danish historians of Russia // Proceedings of the Department of the History of New and Newest Times of St. Petersburg State University. – 2016. – № 16 (2). – Р. 205–219. The abstract is prepared by Candidate of Sciences (History), Associate Professor N.V. Rybalko.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document