scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF EVALUATING THE RELIABILITY OF MICROPROCESSORS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Evdokimova ◽  
Yunlong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Operational Failure

The paper considers the trends in the development of foreign microprocessors for comput-ers. Special attention is paid to a series of high-performance Loongson processors manufactured in China. The reliability indicators of processors and models for calculating the operational failure rate are given.

SELECTION OF AN OPERATIONAL FAILURE RATE MODEL FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BASED ON EXPERT ANALYSIS OF OPERATING EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Artyukhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Operational Failure ◽  
Selection Of

Evaluation of reliability indicators is necessary procedure in the design of a technical system. The article consider two failure rate models for integrated circuits and a number of conclusions, derived from model comparison with operating experience.

scholarly journals Using Different ML Algorithms and Hyperparameter Optimisation to Predict Heat Meters' Failures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Pałasz ◽  
Radosław Przysowa
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ensemble Classifier ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Large Set ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Heat Meters

The need to increase the energy efficiency of buildings as well as the use of local renewable heat sources has caused that heat meters are used not only to calculate the consumed energy but also for the active management of central heating systems. Increasing the reading frequency and the use of measurement data to control the heating system expands the requirements for the reliability of heat meters. The aim of the research is to analyse a large set of meters in the real network and predict their faults to avoid inaccurate readings, incorrect billing, heating system disruption and unnecessary maintenance. The reliability analysis of heat metres, based on historical data collected over several years, shows some regularities which cannot be easily described by physics-based models. The failure rate is almost constant and does depend on the past but is a non-linear combination of state variables. To predict meters' failures in the next settlement period, three independent machine learning models are implemented and compared with selected metrics because even the high performance of a single model (87\% True Positive for Neural Network) may be insufficient to make a maintenance decision. Additionally, performing hyperparameters optimisation boosts models' performance by a few percent. Finally, three improved models are used to build an ensemble classifier which outperforms the individual models. The proposed procedure ensures the high efficiency of fault detection (>95\%), while maintaining overfitting at the minimum level. The methodology is universal and can be utilised to study the reliability and predict faults of other types of meters and different objects with the constant failure rate.

scholarly journals Analyzing the reliability of rolling stock units based on operational data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Aleksey E. TSAPLIN ◽  
◽  
Zh. O. Kuvondikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
Operational Data

Objective: To determine the most failure-prone rolling stock components and assemblies by processing statistical data obtained during operation using the classical reliability theory; to develop recommendations for maintaining the operational state of individual rolling stock components. Methods: Methods for calculating the quantitative reliability characteristics are used based on the rolling stock operational statistical data. Results: The 5-year operational data have been used to provide tabulated statistics on the failure rate of various rolling stock equipment. Reliability indicators have been calculated for various types of rolling stock equipment and the corresponding graphs have been plotted. Based on the calculations, the recommendations for the rolling stock maintenance have been developed. Practical importance: The calculations and the recommendations described determine the types of rolling stock equipment requiring more attention during maintenance

Thermal Design, Analysis and Verification of Chip-Level MCM with Properties of Semiconductor Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Wu ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Hui Ping Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Reliability Indicators

A lot of practice had proved that the failure rate can be used as the reliability indicators of MCM (Multi-Chip Module). The lower the junction temperature of the semiconductor integrated circuit device in MCM, the lower the failure rate of components was, thus the higher the reliability of MCM. Therefore, in order to measure the junction temperature of the semiconductor components of MCM, computer simulation is needed in the stage of design，which was essential for improving the reliability of MCM’s encapsulation and even the whole electronic machine system. In this paper, we tried to thermal design the high-power heating devices-MCM of the multi-functional electronic devices. First, the cooling principles of MCM encapsulation were introduced. And then based on the design principles and precautions of MCM, we designed an MCM encapsulation for cooling analyses of ANSYS. The results of finite element analyses showed the reasonableness of the design of MCM, and combined with the different substrate materials and circuit board materials, further discusses about improved cooling capability of MCM were expressed in this paper. At last, we got the desired effect.

scholarly journals The algorithm of parry failures in the onboard digital computer complexes with the structural and time redundancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
D. S. Viktorov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Samovolina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Structural Redundancy ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Minimal Mass ◽  
Type Of Failure ◽  
Test Control

Currently, the problem of ensuring reliable operation of onboard digital computing systems is becoming increasingly important. When designing on-Board digital computing systems of spacecraft, it is necessary to provide a combination of a number of indicators: high performance, minimal mass-size and energy characteristics, availability of diagnostic tools and parry the consequences of failures. In addition, one of the main requirements for the onboard digital computing complex of spacecraft is the high total reliability of the system, the minimum time for detection and parry of failures. To improve the reliability of control systems, there are many ways, the main of which is structural redundancy. The use of reservations makes it possible, through the introduction of redundancy, by voting to identify the failed system and exclude it from the configuration. However, in onboard digital computing complexes the failure rate is much lower than the failure rate. This can cause the failure to be perceived by the system as a failure and cause the system to exit the configuration of a healthy channel. By returning the program to the previous recovery point and passing the program fragment again, you can classify the type of failure/failure. Under this approach, the reconfiguration of the system will occur only after unsuccessful attempts to pass a fragment of the program n times (as a rule, the technique is used repeat 7–8 times). The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for parrying failures in onboard computing systems with three-channel architecture, which involves the complex application of test control and recovery points with different dominance depending on the number of serviceable channels.

scholarly journals Effect Of Selected Factors On The Safety Integrity Level (SIL)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Młynarski Stanisław ◽  
Pilch Robert ◽  
Kaczor Grzegorz ◽  
Smolnik Maksymilian ◽  
Szkoda Maciej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Repair Time ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Iec 61508 ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The presented paper concerns the functional safety problems of technical systems. The characteristics of safety assessment, described in IEC 61508 standard are an introduction to the problems associated with the methodology of the calculation of Safety Integrity Levels (SIL). The parameters obtained from reliability indicators, were calculated for the purpose of assessing the impact of repair time for the elements of a given system on the SIL. The calculated values of failure rate and the probability of dangerous failure show the sensitivity of the system at different time to repair values for various reliability-wise configurations. The indicators characterizing the safety level, calculated of the system with no repair time are the basis for demonstrating the influence of repair on the safety integrity level.

scholarly journals Methods for calculating the reliability of power supply systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
A. S. Lukovenko ◽  
I. V. Zenkov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Technical Reliability

The aim was to determine the reliability indicators of a power supply system using an artificial neural network model. A model for calculating technical reliability was developed using the following methods: an algorithm for calculating reliability indicators of power supply systems, the method of failure rate of a power supply system and a forecasting model using artificial neural networks. It was established that a power supply system is formed by an open radial power supply circuit. The failure rate of the power supply subsystem was determined by calculating the failure rate of i-th element of the subsystem. As a result of calculating the probability of failure-free operation of the subsystem for various conditions (5 time intervals), it was found that with an increase in the operating time from 100 to 500 h, a linear increase in the rate of system failures occurs from 0.0051 to 0.0073 1/h. A comparison of the obtained mean-to-failure values of the main and the same backup subsystem in the unloaded mode with an absolutely reliable switch (269.62 h) with the main and the same backup subsystem in the loaded mode (202.21 h) was carried out. The results differ by 67.41 h, which indicates a higher degree of reliability of the first method. The software package Prognoz_INS_2020 was developed. An acceptable accuracy of no more than 2.17% was obtained by comparing the results of the conventional calculation of the failure rate of power supply systems and using the Prognoz_INS_2020 software package. This indicates the efficiency of the proposed software package in reliability calculations at operating energy enterprises. The proposed methods for assessing technical reliability both using the conventional model and a model based on an artificial neural network made it possible to assess the state of power supply systems, which helps to prevent dangerous emergencies. 

scholarly journals Using Different ML Algorithms and Hyperparameter Optimization to Predict Heat Meters’ Failures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Przemysław Pałasz ◽  
Radosław Przysowa
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Large Set ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Hyperparameter Optimization ◽  
Heat Meters

The need to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, as well as the use of local renewable heat sources has caused heat meters to be used not only to calculate the consumed energy, but also for the active management of central heating systems. Increasing the reading frequency and the use of measurement data to control the heating system expands the requirements for the reliability of heat meters. The aim of the research is to analyze a large set of meters in the real network and predict their faults to avoid inaccurate readings, incorrect billing, heating system disruption, and unnecessary maintenance. The reliability analysis of heat meters, based on historical data collected over several years, shows some regularities, which cannot be easily described by physics-based models. The failure rate is almost constant and does depend on the past, but is a non-linear combination of state variables. To predict meters’ failures in the next billing period, three independent machine learning models are implemented and compared with selected metrics, because even the high performance of a single model (87% true positive for neural network) may be insufficient to make a maintenance decision. Additionally, performing hyperparameter optimization boosts the models’ performance by a few percent. Finally, three improved models are used to build an ensemble classifier, which outperforms the individual models. The proposed procedure ensures the high efficiency of fault detection (>95%), while maintaining overfitting at the minimum level. The methodology is universal and can be utilized to study the reliability and predict faults of other types of meters and different objects with the constant failure rate.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION THE PERIOD OF GUARANTEED TROUBLE-FREE OPERATION OF THE HYDRAULIC SCHEMES BASED ON THE OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY INDICATORS OF PUMPING UNITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
I. V. Nikolenko ◽  
E. E. Kotovskaya ◽  
A. O. Budchany
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Pumping Units

The article presents the values of the failure rate for modern types of pumps of four groups: submersible, designed for drainage and wastewater drainage; domestic; cantilever; submersible - for artesian water intake based on statistical data processing on their operation. The obtained values of the failure rate allow us to evaluate the reliability indicators of hydraulic circuits that use various types of pumping equipment. The article analyzes the failures of pumping equipment with their detailed description and presentation of practical photos accumulated at a specialized enterprise, whose activities are aimed at designing pumping stations, supply, installation and maintenance of pumping equipment on the territory of the Republic of Crimea.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ НАДІЙНОСТІ ШАСІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО ЛІТАКА АН-140 НА ПОЧАТКОВОМУ ЕТАПІ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
А. К. Мялица ◽  
C. Ш. Шаабдиев
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
General Information ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
Made In

The article presents an analysis of the reliability of the chassis of the regional passenger aircraft AN - 140 at the initial stage of operation, as well as general information about the aircraft, front and main supports of its landing gear. The average failure rate and the total number of failures over a period of time are used as reliability indicators. The calculation of reliability indicators is based on failures detected during periodic maintenance (PM) of aircraft on planned forms 1H - 4H in the maintenance organization Part - 145 and entered into defective statements in accordance with the Management Maintenance Organization. These forms are made in accordance with the Aircraft Maintenance Manual of AN - 140 with a frequency of 500±50 flight hours. To analyze the reliability of the chassis selected a fleet of six aircraft AN - 140 and AN - 140 - 100 with a total flight of 12,000 hours and is divided into three groups by the date of their manufacture and the improvements made on them - "Leader Planes," "Refined Aircraft" and "Serial Aircraft". The condition of sampling the fleet of aircraft is the flight time of 2000 hours for each instance and the execution of four forms of PM on a swoop to form 4N. The dependence of the number of failures of the landing gear of each aircraft on the shape of the PM, the average flight of failure of the fleet and each aircraft individually, the total number of failures of the landing system for each instance of the aircraft, the most denied elements of the main and front landing gear of the aircraft are presented.Based on the results of the analysis of these reliability indicators, both generalized conclusions on the distribution of the number of failures by groups and aircraft instances, and on the specific most denied elements of the chassis system as a whole are presented. The tendency to reduce the number of failures and increase the average flight to failure, depending on the duration of aircraft operation and the manufacture date, has been revealed.

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