scholarly journals TRANSITION OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY TO POSTINDUSTRIAL: IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
А. В. Акаев
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Rational Knowledge ◽  
Specific Management

В публикации раскрывается роль научно-технического прогресса, технических и рациональных знаний, конструирования механизмов, необходимых для использования качественного социально-экономического развития. Отмечается, что уровень цивилизационного развития находится в прямой зависимости от научно-технических достижений и их применения в производственной деятельности, особенно в массовом производстве различных видов товаров, что характерно для индустриального общества, имеющего специфическую структуру управления, основанную на рациональных принципах и жесткой вертикали управления. Переход к постиндустриальному обществу как обществу, оказывающему населению масштабные услуги, имеющие комфортный характер, в значительной мере основан на использовании информационно-компьютерных технологий, а система управления сводится к горизонтальной форме, где индивид приобретает большую свободу творчества в разработке и применении современных результатов технологической революции. The publication reveals the role of scientific and technological progress, technical and rational knowledge, the design of mechanisms necessary for using quality socio-economic development. It is noted that the level of civilizational development is directly dependent on scientific and technological achievements and their application in production activities, especially in the mass production of various types of goods, which is typical for an industrial society that has a specific management structure based on rational principles and a strict management vertical. The transition to a post-industrial society as a society providing large-scale services of a comfortable nature to the population is largely based on the use of information and computer technologies, and the management system is reduced to a horizontal form, where the individual gains more freedom of creativity in the development and application of modern results of the technological revolution.

scholarly journals Human in the face of global pandemics: historical and psychological review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1 (32)) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A.L. Ustinov ◽  
◽  
E.S. Naboichenko ◽  
S.V. Chuprakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

The article attempts to analyze the historical and psychological aspects of the world pandemics of the past and present. The authors provide a detailed overview of the world's pandemics and their impact on society and the individual. Historical and psychological reviews allow us to draw a parallel between the large-scale pandemics of the past and the present, which is especially relevant in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has engulfed humanity. A logical and reasonable periodization of global pandemics is suggested, and the authors give a detailed description of each stage. The first stage includes the pandemics of traditional and early industrial society that raged in the ancient world, the middle ages, and early modern times. The authors highlight such features as a high mortality rate, localization in certain regions and continents, the connection of the spread of diseases with the processes of population migration, crusades, and great geographical discoveries. The second stage includes the pandemics of the industrial era, which occur in the context of globalization, urbanization and increasing crowding of the population, but become less destructive. The authors associate the third stage with modern pandemics generated by the transition to a post-industrial (information) society. The authors note the reduction in mortality from pandemics, and at the same time mutations of viruses, which forces scientists around the world to constantly search for and develop new vaccines. Historical, cultural and psychological analysis of past pandemics allows us to understand better the psychological features of human life in the context of a new coronavirus infection. The authors reveal the role of technological progress in the fight against global pandemics, the role of virus mutations in the development of medical knowledge.

THE ROLE OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES IN THE MODERN CANADA. IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE GROWING OR FALLING?

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Komarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article reveals an evolution of political ideologies in Canada in 1993–2019. Following the Russian and foreign historiography, as well as the election programs of Conservatives and Liberals, the author analyzes the influence of political ideologies on the voting of Canadian voters in parliamentary elections in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Canada is still a country committed to political ideologies. He also considers as unacceptable the thesis about an absence of ideologies in Canada within the existing post-industrial society. The author believes that the model for political development of Canada, laid down in the second half of the 19th century by the founders of the state, is still effective at the present time. In a post-industrial society, Canada clearly follows national traditions based on previously developed political ideologies. That is what constitutes the foundation for the rule-of-law state and civil society in Canada. The author emphasizes that, despite the activities of other political movements, conservative and liberal ideologies represent the leading directions of the state development in Canada. Other political ideologies, like social democracy, are largely secondary and do not determine the present and future of the Canadian state.

scholarly journals The Role of Values in Social Change: An Analysis from The Qur’ānic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Means Of Production

In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society.  It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.

scholarly journals Managerial competencies required: a comparative analysis of Moscow and the Kaliningrad region

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Krivosheev ◽  
Sergey N. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Managerial Competencies ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Industrial

In a post-industrial society, social processes are dynamic, complex, and diverse. Social interaction management is turning into a competency in its own right. This competency is shaped by many factors, which are affected by the institutional setup as well as the individual features and localisation of the subject and object of management. Investigating and developing the managerial competencies that are necessary for the successful operation of society is a major trend in contemporary science. Studies in the area require an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of this research is to identify the managerial competencies that are crucial for the adequate and stable functioning of regional administration systems. An analysis of the components of managerial competencies and their factors is carried out to identify their status in the centre of an exclave region (Kaliningrad) and in Moscow. The study draws on the authors’ frame-based methodology (Rospatent No. 2012660535), which makes it possible to obtain objective empirical information on competency factors and their types. Sought-after competencies and their indicative structures were identified for each region. The findings are not only of theoretical importance but are well adapted for practical purposes, particularly, for advanced training of managers and teaching related university disciplines.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
А.А. Fedchenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Dorokhova ◽  
E.S. Dashkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post Industrial

The article examines the process of regulating employment through the introduction of digital technologies in the organizational and legal sphere. The authors considered the features of the manifestation of organizational and legal aspects of employment regulation during the transition to a post-industrial society. The attention is focused on the most problematic areas of employment regulation. The research is based on the position of continuity of socio-economic development and continuity of its stages. The study made it possible to identify quantitative, structural, and qualitative transformations in the field of employment in the Russian Federation, related to information and digital technologies. These changes require the solution of a set of tasks to improve the system of organizational and legal regulation of employment: limiting the negative impact of digital technologies in the process of regulating employment; regulation of organizational and legal regulation of all types of “agency labor” and its adjustment, considering the spread of its non-standard forms in terms of expanding the scope of digital technologies; ensuring cooperation between all parties of social and labor relations on issues related to the use of non-standard forms of employment in the context of the introduction of digital technologies; reduction of “digital illiteracy” among jobseekers; positioning of electronic self-employment as a promising form of employment regulation. Based on the results of the study, the authors determined the vector for solving these problems, considering the large-scale use of digital technologies.

scholarly journals IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.

The Evolving Role of Filial Piety in Eldercare in Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odalia Wong ◽  
Beatrice Chau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Filial Behavior

AbstractIn our study, we examine how prevalent the notion of filial piety remains in a modern Chinese society like Hong Kong as an initiative for individuals to become caregivers for their parents, and how it is practiced in actual caregiving scenarios. From the experiences of the caregivers analyzed in our paper, it can be seen that the Confucian notion of filial piety as a cultural norm still runs deep even in a post-industrial society like Hong Kong. However, the respondents in our study have adopted aspects of this filial norm to suit their own experiences and actual circumstances in their everyday caregiving practices. We also found that a relational approach to filial behavior with its emphasis on 'felt obligation' seemed to offer an apt interpretation of the respondents' motivations while engaging in caregiving for their parents. Specifically, caregiver obligations are negotiated commitments that can perhaps only be accurately interpreted in their highly personal family contexts. In addition, the notion of reciprocity, or giving back to one's parents, was also a prevalent factor, which reflected that emotional bonds binding the parents and children remained important, as was the empathy for elderly parents.

SMALL BUSINESS: ILLUSIONS AND REALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301-2312
Author(s):  
S.V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Industrial

In post-industrial society, there is an increase in the role of small business as an integral element of the reproduction process. The activities of small and medium-sized businesses in our country are carried out on the basis of the established global trends. Difficulties in the dynamics of this sphere are formed under the influence of increased concentration of production and consolidation of enterprises, which gives rise to a number of problems and contradictions. Considering small business as the most important component of the market economy, its role in solving the problems of creating a competitive environment and ensuring employment should be noted. The scientific literature on the problem under consideration shows the versatility in the authors’ views of the small business role in economic development. This problem is disclosed in sufficient detail in the works of foreign authors (M Weber, J. Gelbraith, P. Drucker, W. Sombart, R. Cantillon, R Coase, J. Keynes, K. Marx, A. Marshall, L. Mises, A. Smith, J. Schumpeter and others). In Russia, L. Abalkin, A. Anchishkin, K. Bazhenov, S. Witte, V. Inozemtsev, M. Lapusta, L. Slutsky, P. Stolypin, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, A. Chayanov and etc. considered this problem. The article reveals the role of small business in the Russian economy, as well as the problems and contradictions of its functioning. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the current trends, the problems, efficiency and significance of small business are identified. Research has shown that the role of small businesses is greatly exaggerated. Small business development acts as a factor in reducing unemployment. In the process of economic activity, a number of problems arise that the enterprises themselves cannot solve. A set of measures is required to support this activity and overcome the crisis. It is important that small and medium-sized enterprises can form their own accumulation fund, which can be used to adapt in the face of stagnation, which will increase the size of the labor force and labor productivity. The crisis of small and medium-sized businesses leads to a multiplier effect in the economy, which reduces the volume of GDP. As a result of the “concentration of capital” among large producers, smallscale production becomes unproductive and unprofitable. The opportunities for obtaining loans from small businesses are very limited. Modern high-tech productive equipment is not available to most. In many enterprises, there is no separation in order to save financial resources on wages. The social security of employees is low. The prosperity of any country in a post-industrial society depends on big business; small business is only an auxiliary sphere of activity. Relying on small business, it is impossible to improve the quality of life, to ensure economic growth and national security. The results of the study can be used in determining the strategic guidelines of economic policy and choosing development priorities.

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