scholarly journals MODELING A CLINKER FURNACE MONITORING SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
В. В. Шухин ◽  
М. С. Насуханов ◽  
М. С. Бараев
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Stationary Approximation ◽  
Hot Zone ◽  
Main Operating

Вращающиеся печи используются для преобразования кальцинированной сырьевой смеси в цементный клинкер. В этой статье рассматривается система контроля и управления клинкерной вращающейся печью посредством трехмерной модели для моделирования ключевых процессов, происходящих в твердом слое клинкерных печей. Эта система опирается на математическую модель, состоящую из пяти операционных уровней: три слоя для мониторинга состояния печи и два для ее системы управления. Изменение высоты слоя и образование расплава в горячей зоне внутри печи были учтены. Энергетический баланс (включая кондуктивный, конвективный и радиационный теплообмен) определялся на основе квазистационарного приближения. Численные эксперименты проводились с целью исследования влияния основных рабочих и проектных параметров на потребление энергии печи. Модель можно использовать для мониторинга температурного профиля внутри печи, для снижения потребления энергии на тонну клинкера. Модель и результаты, рассматриваемые в данной статье, обеспечивают настройку системы управления печи обжига клинкера. Rotary kilns are used to convert calcined raw materials into cement clinker. This article discusses a control and management system for a clinker rotary kiln through a 3D model to simulate key processes occurring in the solid bed of clinker kilns. This system is based on a mathematical model consisting of five operating levels: three layers for monitoring the state of the furnace and two for its control system. The change in the layer height and the formation of melt in the hot zone inside the furnace were taken into account. The energy balance (including conductive, convective and radiative heat transfer) was determined on the basis of a quasi-stationary approximation. Numerical experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of the main operating and design parameters on the energy consumption of the furnace. The model can be used to monitor the temperature profile inside the kiln to reduce energy consumption per tonne of clinker. The model and results discussed in this article provide tuning of the clinker kiln control system.

scholarly journals METHODS OF REPEATED USE OF CEMENT DUST

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ш. Саламанова ◽  
С.А. Алиев ◽  
Р.С.-А. Муртазаева
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitators ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

В процессе обжига портландцементного клинкера в электрофильтрах вращающихся печей скапливается большое количество пыли, как клинкерной, так и аспирационной, поэтому рациональное использование этих продуктов, содержащих определенную долю полноценного сырьевого ресурса, является актуальной задачей индустрии цемента. В данной работе представлены результаты исследований цементной пыли, проведен энергодисперсионный и сравнительный анализ исследуемых порошков, а также приводится возможный способ утилизации цементной пыли для получения бесклинкерных цементов щелочной активации и бетонов на их основе. Разработанные рецептуры бесклинкерных вяжущих с применением отходов цементной промышленности и натриевого жидкостекольного затворителя позволят получать менее затратные, прочные и долговечные композиты, которые позволят частично заменять традиционный бетон на дорогом портландцементе. Работа выполнена в рамках исследований по реализации научного проекта 1848200001 Высококачественные бетоны с повышенными эксплуатационными свойствами на основе местного природного и техногенного сырья , получившего поддержку Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ). In the process of firing Portland cement clinker in electrostatic precipitators, in rotary kilns, a large amount of harmful substances, both clinker and aspiration, accumulates, therefore rational use of these products leads to certain shares of a fullfledged river resource, which are derived from industrial cement. It should be noted that the reuse of dust electrostatic precipitators is impossible. The basis for obtaining durable and more resourceefficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder. The developed clinkerfree binder formulations using the cement industry wastes and sodiumbased sludge glass will make it possible to produce less expensive, durable, and durable composites that will partially replace traditional concrete with expensive portland cement.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONNECTING ALKALINE ACTIVATION USING CEMENT DUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
S. A. Aliev ◽  
R. S.-A. Murtazayevа ◽  
M. Sh. Salamanova
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitators ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Methods

Objectives In the process of firing Portland cement clinker in electrostatic precipitators, in rotary kilns, a large amount of harmful substances, both clinker and aspiration, accumulates, therefore rational use of these products leads to certain shares of a full-fledged river resource, which are derived from industrial cement. It should be noted that the reuse of dust electrostatic precipitators is impossible.Method The basis for obtaining durable and more resource-efficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder.Result The basis for obtaining durable and more resource-efficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder.Conclusion The developed clinker-free binder formulations using the cement industry wastes and sodium-based sludge glass will make it possible to produce less expensive, durable, and durable composites that will partially replace traditional concrete with expensive portland cement. 

Phase Change Material Melting in an Energy Storage Module for a Micro Environmental Control System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Koz ◽  
H. Ezzat Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Change Material

Abstract An experimentally validated finite element model (FEM) was developed to analyze the design parameters of a latent heat storage device (LHSD) for a micro environmental control system (μX). The μX provides local cooling to an office worker in a room whose thermostat setpoint has been elevated from 23.9 °C (75 °F) to 26.1 °C (79 °F) in order to reduce heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption. For this application, the LHSD is designed to provide ≥50 W of cooling for a full, 8.5 h workday to restore thermal comfort in the warm, 26.1 °C room. The LHSD comprises several parallel slabs of encased phase change material (PCM) with interposed airflow channels. The airflow rate is selected to obtain ≥50 W of cooling at the end of the 8.5 h operation. The LHSD exhibits a decreasing cooling rate over the 8.5 h period when a constant airflow is passed through it, indicating that more cooling is supplied during the day than the minimum 50 W required for thermal comfort. The parametric analysis explores the effects of PCM thermal conductivity, slab thickness, air channel width, and number of slabs on LHSD performance. Parametric cases are compared against each other on the basis of their required PCM mass and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Influence of Design Parameters of Idler Bearing Units on the Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Piotr Kulinowski ◽  
Piotr Kasza ◽  
Jacek Zarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Selection Of

This publication presents the results of laboratory tests of idler rolling resistance under operational loads. Operational loads are understood as radial and axial forces acting on the idler, with values corresponding to those that occur in the conditions of its operation in copper ore mines. Knowing the rolling resistance is important not only at the stage of conveyor design, selection of the drive power or calculations of the necessary belt strength, but also when improving and searching for new idler design solutions. The idlers adopted for this research were differentiated in terms of bearings and idler axial clearance. The investigations were carried out on a unique test stand designed and built by the authors. The construction of the stand enables simulating operational loads while measuring the rolling resistance. The test rig measures idler bearing losses and rolling drag, not belt indentation rolling resistance. The object of the research were ø133×465 idlers, which are most commonly used in the raw materials industry. The results show the possibility of reducing the belt conveyor energy consumption by appropriate selection of the design features of the idler bearing unit.

scholarly journals Socio-environmental Impacts Associated with Burning Alternative Fuels in Clinker Kilns

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Mainier ◽  
L. P. C. Monteiro ◽  
R. J. Mainier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Rotary Kilns

The pollutants found in emissions from cement plants depend on the processes used and the operation of the clinker kilns. Another crucial aspect concerns the characteristics of raw materials and fuels. The intensive use of fuels in rotary kilns of cement plants and the increasing fuel diversification, including fuels derived from coal and oil, from a multitude of industrial waste and from biomass, charcoal and agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse, rice husk), is increasing the possibilities of combinations or mixtures of different fuels, known as blends. Thus, there are socio-environmental impacts associated with the burning of alternative fuels in clinker kilns. In view of the growing trend of entrepreneurs who want to target the waste produced in their unit and of the owners of the cement plants who want to reduce their production costs by burning a waste with lower cost than conventional fuels, it is necessary to warn that a minimum level of environmental care should be followed regarding these decisions. It is necessary to monitor the points of emission from cement kilns and in the wider area influenced by the plant, in order to improve environmental quality. Laboratory studies of burning vulcanised rubber contaminated with arsenic simulate the burning of used tires in cement clinker kilns producing SO2 and As2O3.

UNIVERSAL DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF A MACHINE AND TRACTOR AGGREGATES

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
А. Yu. Izmaylov ◽  
Ya. P. Lobachevskiy ◽  
V. К. Khoroshenkov ◽  
N. Т. Goncharov ◽  
S. E. Lonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Control And Management

The introduction of information and digital technologies that support and support all technological processes in the field is an urgent need for the development and implementation of such technology. An organisationally complex and financially intensive project is necessary because of the wide variety of economic entities that differ in the size of production, forms of ownership and socio-economic conditions of production. Automated information control system for mobile units agricultural enterprise provides those-Niko-economic performance, optimum capacity utilization through the use of timely and reliable information on technology. Machine and tractor aggregates are appertained as control objects with variable structure, which is explained by possibility of the system formation from tractor or field machines mobile units with various purposes: tillable, cultivatable, sowing, harvesting and etc. This MTA feature was determined creation of digital control systems of two groups of automatic control and management of the basic energy and operational parameters: tractors, machines and vehicles as part of MTA. To the first group are appertained the automatic control system of tractor motor component loading, motion speed, frictional sliding. To the second group – automatic regulation system of operating depth, seed rate, treatment of liquid combined fertilizers and crop protection agents, filling and driving of various MTA. Novelty of researches consists in methodology of the organization of the centralized control and management of various technological processes at carrying out field works.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

Energy savings potential of new aeration system: Full scale trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lazić ◽  
V. Larsson ◽  
Å. Nordenborg
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Aeration Control

The objective of this work is to decrease energy consumption of the aeration system at a mid-size conventional wastewater treatment plant in the south of Sweden where aeration consumes 44% of the total energy consumption of the plant. By designing an energy optimised aeration system (with aeration grids, blowers, controlling valves) and then operating it with a new aeration control system (dissolved oxygen cascade control and most open valve logic) one can save energy. The concept has been tested in full scale by comparing two treatment lines: a reference line (consisting of old fine bubble tube diffusers, old lobe blowers, simple DO control) with a test line (consisting of new Sanitaire Silver Series Low Pressure fine bubble diffusers, a new screw blower and the Flygt aeration control system). Energy savings with the new aeration system measured as Aeration Efficiency was 65%. Furthermore, 13% of the total energy consumption of the whole plant, or 21 000 €/year, could be saved when the tested line was operated with the new aeration system.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT MACHINE FOR SORTING ANIMALS ACCORDING TO SPECIFIED CRITERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
ALEKSEY SEDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Intelligent Machine ◽  
Modbus Protocol ◽  
Automatic Sorting ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Control And Management

The Federal scientific Agroengineering center VIM has developed technical tools, algorithms and software for the intelligent automatic control system for milking animals “Stimul” on the “Herringbone” milking unit in three versions. The created system does not include automatic selection gates for effective management of zootechnical and veterinary services of animals. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing an intelligent machine for automatic sorting of animals for servicing and managing the herd according to specified characteristics. (Materials and methods) The article presents the development of control and management systems in dairy farming based on the conceptual principles of digital transformation. The digital control system is based on a multifunctional panel controller. The created control unit has a port for connecting to the RS 485 network and provides support for network functions via the Modbus Protocol. The programming of the control unit has been made in the SMLogix tool environment, which supports the FBD function block language. (Results and discussion) The article presents an intelligent machine for automatic sorting of animal flows for servicing and managing the herd according to specified characteristics with the unification of hardware, software modules and interface. The article describes the necessary parameters for the automatic remote animal identification system, the basic component of the control system of an intelligent machine for sorting animals according to specified characteristics. (Conclusions) The machine allows to automatically identify, sort and send animals to the specified areas for individual service.

Simulation of the Control System of the Coke Calcination in Tubular Rotary Kilns

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 1600-1606
Author(s):  
T. V. Dontsova ◽  
K. G. Kozulin ◽  
T. V. Piskazhova ◽  
G. B. Danykina
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Rotary Kilns
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