Environmentally safe measures for regulating the number of harmful organisms in peach (Persica vulgaris Mill.) orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
L.V. Nagorna ◽  
◽  
I.V. Yudytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Anarsia Lineatella ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of the researches in 2016-2018, the display terms and intensity of the major peach diseases development changes from year to year and depends mainly on the weather conditions that in the south of Ukraine are favorable for the mass spread and development of Taphrina deformans Tull., Clacterosporium carpophilum (Lev.) Aderh. and Monilia cinerea Bonord. The leaves affection by Taphrina damage appeared to be 35.0-56.3 %, the intensity of the disease development being 22.4-23.4 %; Clacterosporium – 16.5 and 5.4 %, Monilia – up to 15.0 %. When studying the species composition of the peach entomocomplex, 6 major pests were detected among insects as follows: Anarsia lineatella Zell., Archips rosana L., Grapholitha molesta Busck, Lithocolletis cerasicolella H.S, Sciaphobus squalidus Gyll. and Brachycaudus tragopogonis Kalt. Lepidoptera prevailes (67 %) among them. Other species of pests (17 %) belong to the rows Coleoptera and Homoptera. The complex application of the chemical (Bordeaux Isagro, 20 % Copper Sulphate, 5.0 kg/ha) and a mixture of the biological preparations (Trichodermin, 2.0 l/ha, Planriz, 1.0 l/ha, Pentofag, 5.0 l/ha, Gaupsin, 3.0-5.0 l/ha, Lepidocide, 10 l/ha) at the beginning of the bud swell, and before and after the peach flowering, proves to protect reliably the orchards against harmful organisms. The technical efficiency of the above mentioned preparations against the main diseases and dominant pests 63.0-89.0 and 50.0-94.0 % respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Used to Predict Virulence Factors and Metabolic Genes among Monilinia Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
Maria Villarino ◽  
Laura Vilanova ◽  
Antonieta De Cal ◽  
Jan A. L. van Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Significant Yield

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is among the most important diseases in stone fruits, and some pome fruits (mainly apples). This disease is responsible for significant yield losses, particularly in stone fruits, when weather conditions favorable for disease development appear. To achieve future sustainable strategies to control brown rot on fruit, one potential approach will be to characterize genomic variation among Monilinia spp. to define, among others, the capacity to infect fruit in this genus. In the present work, we performed genomic and phylogenomic comparisons of five Monilinia species and inferred differences in numbers of secreted proteins, including CAZy proteins and other proteins important for virulence. Duplications specific to Monilinia were sparse and, overall, more genes have been lost than gained. Among Monilinia spp., low variability in the CAZome was observed. Interestingly, we identified several secondary metabolism clusters based on similarity to known clusters, and among them was a cluster with homology to pyriculol that could be responsible for the synthesis of chloromonilicin. Furthermore, we compared sequences of all strains available from NCBI of these species to assess their MAT loci and heterokaryon compatibility systems. Our comparative analyses provide the basis for future studies into understanding how these genomic differences underlie common or differential abilities to interact with the host plant.

scholarly journals Species composition of harmful entomocomplex in peach orchards of Southern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Iryna Yudytska ◽  
Yurii Klechkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Tree Development

Studies of the dynamics of changes in the species composition of pests in fruit orchards in the context of climate change became especially relevant. Monitoring of phytophagous insects in gardens with the isolation of dominant species is a key component for building an effective system of protection of perennial plantings. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenko IS NAAS. The purpose of the study was to establish the species composition of phytophages and the level of their colonisation of peach orchards to optimise measures to protect this crop from pest damage. Conducting route and detailed surveys in different phases of tree development (swelling of buds, pink bud, flowering, end of flowering, forming, growth and ripening of fruits) showed that the entomocenosis of peach orchards consisted of 15 species of phytophagous insects belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 2 species of mites. The species composition and level of pest colonisation of peach orchards changed under the influence of weather conditions and protection measures. Lepidoptera insects were represented by 7 species of pests, among which the main carpophages were Grapholitha molesta Busck., to a lesser extent Anarsia lineatella. The attack density of these pests each year was at a high and medium level, respectively. Throughout all the years of study most harmful of insects from the order Coleoptera was polyphagous Epicometis hirta. The main Homoptera pest in 2018 was Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst., while the prevalence of other catfacing insects was weak. During the vegetation periods of 2019-2020 the development of insects such as aphids and increase in the colonisation of leaves by mites, Thrips fuscipennis Haliche and Typhlocyba rosae L. was recorded in peach orchards

scholarly journals Use of polimerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Magdalena Grudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Chain Reaction

<i>Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides</i> was detected by PCR in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems in 2000 and 2001. In all tested systems only pathotype R of pathogen was detected. Detection of fungus depended on production system and weather conditions. Pathogen was not detected in both tested cultivars only in ecological system but only in season with less favourable conditions for disease development

scholarly journals Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Alexander Zhukovskiy ◽  
Natalia Krupenko ◽  
Yana Yakhnik ◽  
Olga Tarancheva ◽  
Galina Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Republic

The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of the Microclimate-Induced Conservation Risks in Hypogeal Sites: The Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla (Rome)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Frasca ◽  
Elena Verticchio ◽  
Alessia Caratelli ◽  
Chiara Bertolin ◽  
Dario Camuffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Critical Curves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Maintenance Intervention ◽  
Germination And Growth

The peculiar microclimate inside cultural hypogeal sites needs to be carefully investigated. This study presents a methodology that aimed at providing a user-friendly assessment of the frequently occurring hazards in such sites. A Risk Index was specifically defined as the percentage of time for which the hygrothermal values lie in ranges that are considered to be hazardous for conservation. An environmental monitoring campaign that was conducted over the past ten years inside the Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla (Rome) allowed for us to study the deterioration before and after a maintenance intervention. The general microclimate assessment and the specific conservation risk assessment were both carried out. The former made it possible to investigate the influence of the outdoor weather conditions on the indoor climate and estimate condensation and evaporation responsible for salts crystallisation/dissolution and bio-colonisation. The latter took hygrothermal conditions that were close to wall surfaces to analyse the data distribution on diagrams with critical curves of deliquescence salts, mould germination, and growth. The intervention mitigated the risk of efflorescence thanks to reduced evaporation, while promoting the risk of bioproliferation due to increased condensation. The Risk Index provided a quantitative measure of the individual risks and their synergism towards a more comprehensive understanding of the microclimate-induced risks.

The effect of thermal effluent, before and after macrophyte harvesting, on standing crop and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Lake Wabamun, Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3196-3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Plant Detritus ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Heated Area

The heated area of Lake Wabamun prior to macrophyte harvesting had higher submerged macrophyte production, greater amounts of plant detritus in the sediment, and a higher standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates than the unheated area. Species composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was also much different in the heated area with the warmest areas supporting a community dominated by tubificid oligochaetes (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex tubifex), and the moderately heated areas supporting a community dominated by large Chironomus species (Chironomus plumosus and Chironomus atroviridis). Benthos of the unheated parts of the lake consisted mainly of smaller chironomid species such as Chironomus maturus, C. (cf.) staegeri, Polypedilum nubeculosum, Cladotanytarsus spp., and Tanytarsus spp. The heated area was subjected to mechanical macrophyte harvesting which removed the majority of the submerged macrophytes. This reduced the amount of plant detritus within the sediment and also the standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates in the heated area. Species composition of the oligochaete-dominated community was not affected by harvesting. Species composition of the Chironomus-dominated area was greatly affected by harvesting and became more similar to that of the unheated area; densities of the large Chironomus species were reduced to low levels, while the densities of smaller chironomid species increased.

Mesocosm study of microalgae in different weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munay Abdulqadir Alteerah ◽  
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai ◽  
Hishamuddin Omar ◽  
Ahmad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Wet And Dry Cycles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Microalgae have valuable contributions in carbon dioxide sequestration. There are no much investigations about motivation of mix microalgae productivity in outdoor cultures. This study aims to evaluate microalgae biomass production in outdoor mesocosms under different weather conditions. The experiment was done in Tilapia pond in the hatchery of fisheries of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Weather parameters were recorded daily. Microalgae seeds were obtained from Tilapia pond effluent and added to eight floating aerated mesocosms. Mesocosms were divided into four treatments. Two g triple supper phosphate: 20g Urea were used as fertilizers. Physical and chemical conditions, microalgae primary productivity and biomass, and species composition were measured every two days. Three cycles were categorized as mix, wet and dry cycles based on weather recording scores. Water quality parameters in Treatments and controls cultures showed significant variations. Primary production variables were higher in the fertilized non-sheltered mesocosms (treatment 1). Productivity variables were lower in the dry cycle and higher in the mix cycle. The highest value of fixed CO2 was (3.2) mg/L/d in treatment 1 in the mix cycle, while the lowest value was (0.11) mg/L/d in treatment 3 and control 1 in dry cycle. Changes in weather patterns are seen in the light and temperature values. Microalgae biomass was lower in dry weather conditions because of effect of high air temperature. Weather conditions and different treatments significantly influenced microalgae species composition, due to the sensitivity in some of them to different light intensities. Chlorophytes were the most abundant due to their ability to adapt with different culture conditions.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN THE SPANISH CONSTRUCTION SECTOR PRE- AND POST-FINANCIAL CRISIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena KAPELKO ◽  
Alfons OUDE LANSINK
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates technical efficiency in the Spanish construction sector before and after the start of the current financial crisis, and examines the impact of socio-economic factors on technical efficiency. Bias-corrected efficiency measures are obtained using Data Envelopment Analysis with bootstrap for a sample of medium-sized and large construction firms over the period 2000–2010. Next, bias-corrected efficiency scores are regressed on the variables explaining efficiency using bootstrap truncated regression. The results show that technical efficiency is very low and is significantly lower after the beginning of the financial crisis than before. Firms with the highest technical efficiency scores have the lowest input-ratio for material and employee costs to output and the highest for fixed assets. The examination of the determinants of technical efficiency indicates that efficiency is higher for firms that export, are highly leveraged, are integrated in the form of joint stock company, and are located in Spanish regions with higher GDP per capita, while firms with high stock relatively to turnover have lower technical efficiency. Technical efficiency increases with size for relatively small sized construction firms, but decreases beyond a critical firm size, while technical efficiency decreases with age for young firms, but eventually increases for older firms.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Monitoring Results of Modernized Residential Multi-storey Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Rogoža ◽  
Giedrius Šiupšinskas ◽  
Kęstutis Valančius ◽  
Rūta Mikučionienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficiency Measures ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The main objective of the monitoring analysed in the article is to evaluate and make recommendations of the actual energy and technical efficiency of the implemented measures of the modernization of multi-apartment buildings. More detailed assessment of energy efficiency measures implemented by modernized buildings, measurements of indoor microclimate and their evaluation is made. Based on the actual heat consumption collected before and after the modernization of buildings, the thermal balance of the building was constructed under the normative conditions. The basics of the methodology, conclusions and recommendations are also presented.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Insecticidal Potential of the Essential Oil from Ocimum sanctum L. against Dangerous Fungal and Insect Species and Its Safety for Non-Target Useful Soil Species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Martin Žabka ◽  
Roman Pavela ◽  
Kateřina Kovaříková ◽  
Jan Tříska ◽  
Naděžda Vrchotová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Human Infections

The antifungal and insecticidal effect of the essential oil from Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated using a model set of harmful organisms hazardous for health and the economy. Toxigenic and plant pathogenic filamentous fungi, including causal agents of human infections, were chosen as exemplary fungal groups—Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus. Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm), Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito), the lymphatic filariasis vector and potential Zika virus vector, and the common housefly, Musca domestica were chosen as model insects. Major and minor active substances were detected and quantified using GC/MS analysis. Environmental safety was verified using the non-target useful organism Eisenia fetida. Significant antifungal and insecticidal activity, as well as environmental safety, were confirmed. The essential oil showed the highest efficacy against A. flavus according to MIC50/90, and against S. littoralis larvae according to LD50/90. The monoterpenoid alcohol linalool, t-methyl cinnamate, and estragole as phenylpropanoids were detected as effective major components (85.4%). The essential oil from Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated as universal and significantly efficient, providing a high potential for use in environmentally safe botanical pesticides.

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