ЭССЕ ЖАНРЫНЫН ТАБИЯТЫ ЖАНА ИЗИЛДЕНИШ ТАРЫХЫ

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Нурзат Акматалиева
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Бул макала эссе жанрына жана кененирээк жалпысынан эссеизм феноменине арналган, ошондой эле эссе жанрынын калыптаныш тарыхына арналган. Макала академиялык эссе жанрынын теориясына жана практикасына арналган. Автор бул жанрдын концепциясы, өнүгүү тарыхы, анын түрлөрү жана моделдери менен тааныштырат. Эссе жанрынын эки түрүн - батыш жана чыгыш жагы каралган, эссенин интер- претациясынын улуттук өзгөчөлөнгөн түрлөрүнөн жанрдын моделдерин жарыялоого чейинки канондун пайда болушунун ырааттуулугун жөнгө салат. Эссе изилдөөчүлөрүнүн, ушул жанрдын мыкты үлгүлөрүнүн ой-пикирлерин талдоо менен, автор өзүнүн эссени түшүнүү концепциясынын алкагында, анын маңызын, жанрдык өзгөчөлүктөрүн, түрлөрүн жана композициялык курулушун жөнөкөй жана так түшүндүрүп берет. Жанрдын так илимий аныктамасы берилген. Статья посвящена жанру эссе и, шире, феномену эссеизма в целом, а также истории становления жанра эссе. Статья посвящена теории и практике жанра академического эссе. Автор вводит понятие этого жанра, историю его развития, его виды и модели. Он регулирует последовательность возникновения канона двух типов эссе-жанров - западного и восточного, от национально-специфических форм интерпретации эссе до публикации образцов жанра. Анализируя взгляды исследователей эссе, лучшие образцы этого жанра, автор в рамках своей концепции понимания эссе просто и понятно объясняет его сущность, жанровые особенности, виды и композиционную структуру. Есть четкое научное определение жанра. This article is devoted to the genre of essays and, more broadly, to the phenomenon of essayism in general, as well as to the history of the formation of the essay genre. The article is devoted to the theory and practice of the academic essay genre. The author introduces the concept of this genre, the history of its development, its types and models. It regulates the sequence of the emergence of the canon of two types of essay genres - western and eastern, from nationally distinctive forms of interpretation of the essay to the publication of models of the genre. Analyzing the views of essay researchers, the best examples of this genre, the author, within the framework of his concept of understanding the essay, explains its essence, genre features, types and compositional structure in a simple and clear way. There is a clear scientific definition of the genre.

The History of Mitigation in Death Penalty Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Russell Stetler
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
Eighth Amendment ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Representation ◽  
The U.S

This chapter discusses how the theory and practice of mitigation have evolved over more than four decades, thereby helping to define the modern death penalty era in the United States. Prior to 1976, juries generally made death penalty decisions in a unitary proceeding. Juries then had unfettered discretion to impose death sentences, and the results were so arbitrary that in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all the existing death penalty statutes. In 1976, the Court approved new statutes that guided jurors’ discretion. The Court required individualized sentencing in which jurors could consider mitigating factors based on the diverse frailties of humankind. This broad definition of what might inspire juries to reject death was elaborated in succeeding decades in a series of decisions relying on the Eighth Amendment. Social workers and other nonlawyers became critical members of multidisciplinary capital defense teams providing effective representation under the Sixth Amendment.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing as an instrument of participatory democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Liliia Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The article considers the issues of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy. Emphasis is placed on the recognition ofa separate type of democracy – participatory democracy, which is a promising area of research, whose supporters seek to build a modelof civic participation in the management process, adequate to the conditions of modern society. Crowdsourcing is a key tool of parti -cipatory democracy. The need to use crowdsourcing in public administration is recognized worldwide, which is associated with thedevelopment of modern information and communication technologies, social networks and various online dialogue platforms. InUkraine, the use of this tool is only gaining momentum.The history of the origin of the technology of using collective intelligence and the resources of the crowd and scientific developmentsabout it is studied. Crowdsourcing has a long history, but it is the digital space, in particular the Internet, that has made it availablefor use in many areas of public life. In the theory and practice of crowdsourcing there is already a division into types depending on the scope. As an instrument of participatory democracy, it acts as a political crowdsourcing. This species is not as developed as others, buthas examples of application. At the present stage in science there is no fixed definition of the term. Domestic scholars mostly analyzethe existing terminology proposed by foreign researchers and practitioners. Based on the analysis of existing definitions, experience inthe use of crowdsourcing technologies in the policy of foreign countries and Ukraine, the article identifies specific features and princip -les of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy, and provides an author’s definition of “political crowdsourcing”.Particular attention is paid to clarifying the negative and positive aspects of the use of political crowdsourcing, during which itwas found that the latter is more.The article concludes that the use of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy in Ukraine with the prospect of conso -lidation at the legislative level.

scholarly journals Legal enlightenment in Russia: modern problems of theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M. A. Istomin ◽  
A. V. Nechkin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Ideology ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Primary Impact

The article examines the history of the development of legal enlightenment in Russia, its modern legal regulation, as well as the theoretical basis associated with its implementation. Revealing the paramount importance of legal enlightenment for the formation of civil society and state of law, the authors point out the need to create a unified system of normative legal acts regulating this activity. Currently, the legal regulation of the activities of various subjects of legal enlightenment is unsystematic, since at different levels there are a large number of unrelated legal acts, which makes it difficult to achieve the goals of legal enlightenment. Among other things, the study carried out a comprehensive theoretical analysis of activities in legal enlightenment, on the basis of which the authors, on the one hand, conclude about the unity of rational and irrational moments in this activity, on the other, about the primary impact on the emotional-volitional side of a person in the process of legal enlightenment. Linking the structure of legal enlightenment with elements of legal awareness legal ideology and legal psychology, the authors point to the unity of legal training and legal literacy with in the framework of legal enlightenment, offering their definition of the concept of legal enlightenment.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

CONSUMER CREDIT: THEORY AND PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Shavkat Abdullayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Consumer Lending ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article discusses the theoretical foundations, current status and ways of improving consumer lending in Uzbekistan. It were studied the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the definition of consumer credit. There are analyzed the disadvantages of consumer credits and are proposed ways to improve them

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

Light and Sensitivity: Love in the Time of the Daguerreotype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Male Gaze ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Passive Object

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.

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