scholarly journals Neo-Kantianisme dan Implikasinya untuk Penelitian Terhadap Agama

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Sermada Kelen Donatus
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Human Rationality

The elaboration of the theme done by the author aims at introducing the philosophical stream of Neo-Kantianism based on Kant’s epistemology and at pointing out the implication of Neo-Kantianism on the scientific research about religion. This purpose should be realized by describing the main philosophical concept of Neo-Kantianism within its two wellknown schools. Its implication on the religion can be explained. The critique on religion can be pointed out, the theology of pluralism can be compared with the catholic theology, and the divine revelation provided by Neo-Kantianism can be enlighted under the scrutiny of rationality. The outcome of the research is lying on the recognition and the acceptance of the adherents’ Neo Kantianism to the theology as a scientific discipline based on the divine revelation under the authority of the human rationality. The conclusion taken out from the research is that the philosophy of Neo-Kantianism has given strong impact on the scientific research about religion. The divine revelation should be enlightened by the various scientific approaches before it is reflected theologically.   

scholarly journals Ernst von Leyden (1832–1910): a pioneer in making oncology a respected medical discipline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Voswinckel ◽  
Nils Hansson
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
German Society ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
New Research ◽  
German Physician

Abstract Purpose This article presents new research on the role of the renowned German physician Ernst von Leyden (1832–1910) in the emergence of oncology as a scientific discipline. Methods The article draws on archival sources from the archive of the German Society of Haematology and primary and secondary literature. Results Leyden initiated two important events in the early history of oncology: the first international cancer conference, which took place in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1906, and the founding of the first international association for cancer research (forerunner of today's UICC) in Berlin in 1908. Unfortunately, these facts are not mentioned in the most recent accounts. Both had a strong impact on the professionalization of oncology as a discipline in its own right. Conclusion Although not of Jewish origin, von Leyden was considered by the National Socialists to be “Jewish tainted”, which had a lasting effect on his perception at home and abroad.

Speculation, Conceptualization, or Evidence?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Downey ◽  
Reggie E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Positive Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter traces the history of examinations of well-being since the founding of psychology in 1879. Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) asserted that positive psychology as a scientific discipline was to focus on empirical examinations of valued individual experiences and traits, as well as group and institutional characteristics that mark positive functioning. Positive psychology set parameters on the types of evidence that would be given credence in the field. Many scholars had described well-being prior to 2000, but much of this work could not counted as within the bounds of the new positive psychology because of how the different movements approached gathering evidence. Therefore, the founding of positive psychology represented another step in an ongoing debate in psychology regarding the conduct of scientific research on human characteristics and behavior, and its accomplishments can be viewed as a paradigm shift in the study of well-being.

Challenges Faced by Modern Accounting as a Scientific Discipline : Four Plane Reflections

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Anna Karmańska
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The following text presents the author's four plane reflections in relation to modern accounting as a scientific discipline. This science is becoming increasingly significant in the world at present, which is due to the fact that: (1) the accounting science (scientific discipline) is an applied science, i.e. the one that considerably enriches the accounting practice, important not only for the company which deals with accounting, (2) its research spectrum is presently extraordinarily comprehensive as it focuses on many aspects, including the social and behavioural ones, which are important for accounting. Bearing in mind that accounting in real terms in the context of the worldwide standardisation trend in the author's opinion is one of the most original systems and the one which demands exceptional professionalism from among all the information systems related to human activity, the author shares her reflections with reader on the tasks of the scientific discipline dealing with this kind of accounting in a methodical and scientific way. The planes of deliberations have been determined by: (1) unlimited data processing revolution, (2) the imperative of opposition to the traditional perception of accounting, (3) commercialisation of scientific research results, (4) ethics in scientific research.

Conceptualization of the Base for Sustainable Rural Development Policy Implementation

2013 ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Njegovan Zoran ◽  
Olgica Boškovic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rural Development Policy

Looking in wider perspective, the problems of inequality have emerged relatively early even from the period of establishment of economy as a scientific discipline. However, those problems are also the subject of different socio-humanistic scientific research. That process lasts up to date, and it could be said that nowadays it is much more important than before. The main reason for that is that current inequalities are significant and radicalised nowadays as a cause of non-adequate development process.

Interdisciplinarity and conceptualization in the educational process at the Department of “Hoisting-and-transport, track and construction machines” of Petersburg State Transport University

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Vladislav P. BYKOV ◽  
◽  
Vladimir V. BYKOV ◽  
Gennady I. TIKHOMIROV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
The World ◽  
Design Objects ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Scientific Worldview

Objective: The issue of improving the educational process of training design engineers for mechanical engineering is considered on the basis of the “World Declaration on Higher Education for the 21st cen- tury: Approaches and Practical Measures”, which recommended the use of interdisciplinarity and trans- disciplinarity, the conceptualization of design is also touched upon. Improving the quality of training of specialists requires turning to modern methods of building the educational process. The need to take into account the complex relationships in which design objects exist leads to the need to introduce interdis- ciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Methods: Interdisciplinarity complements the content of in- dividual disciplines based on a unified methodology. Transdisciplinarity consists in the assessment of a particular phenomenon outside the framework of any particular scientific discipline, which contributes to the completeness of the world perception. Results: The proposed approaches to education contribute to the consolidation of the acquired knowledge or, as they say in the professional environment, increase the “retained knowledge”, widen students’ scientific worldview. Practical importance: The approaches considered are used in the educational process at the Department of Hoisting-and-Transport, Track and Construction Machines of Petersburg State Transport University. The following disciplines are already based on interdisciplinarity: “Basicss of Scientific Research” and “Design of Hoisting-and-Transport, Construction, Road Means and Equipment”. Methodologically, they are organized in such a way that the basicss of scientific research are considered in the context of designing, and designing – in the context of scientific research. With a transdisciplinary approach, the tasks of conceptualizing machine design objects and the design methodology itself are solved

A Critical Look at Critical Realism: Some Observations on the Problems of the Metatheory

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Käpylä ◽  
Harri Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ontological Turn

International Relations as a scientific discipline can be considered elusive and, in a sense, “under debate.” A distinctive feature of the theoretical debates of the discipline has been the various calls for different kinds of theoretical and metatheoretical “turns.” In this atmosphere, the return of ontologically oriented IR theorizing based on Critical Realism has increased in influence. The aim of this article is to problematize some of the formulations of Critical Realist metatheory, especially in relation to the notions of correspondence, retroduction and emergence. The article will argue that in the context of the social sciences, two things are highly problematic. The first problem is the quest for establishing “heavy ontological furniture” as a backbone for scientific research. The second problem is the attempt to combine the fallibility of human knowledge with the “getting things right” attitude based on correspondence-like concepts of truth. The article concludes with a recommendation for a healthy caution towards the Critical Realist aspiration for the “ontological turn” in the social sciences.

A Writer Looking for His Writing Scene: Paul Valéry's Procedures in His Notebooks around 1894

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Krauthausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Final Synthesis

ArgumentThe famousCahiersof Paul Valéry (1871–1945) cannot be reduced to a single scientific discipline, a specific philosophical tradition, or a literary genre. For today's reader these notebooks constitute a formatsui generis, one very often characterized by an “observation of a second order”: in theCahiersValéry uses writing, drawing, and calculating not only for purposes of argumentation; he also pays attention to the significance of such writing, drawing, and calculating processes for the production of knowledge. It is particularly thepracticeof note-taking and sketching in Valéry's notebooks that documents, rehearses, or questions the medial and instrumental conditions of both scientific research and artistic production. This is especially true of the early stages of theCahiersin the years beginning around 1894 when Valéry was intensely searching for notation systems that would be conducive to his research interests. At the time the problem of how to write (as well as calculate and draw) was intrinsically bound up with the way he established his notebooks as a specific scene of writing. By closely examining a number of pages from the early notebooks I hope to show that the emerging regulation of Valéry's writing in theCahiersresults from simple operations that are noted and repeated by the writer until they gradually become procedures. What Valéry'sCahiersshow us, however, is that procedures do not always work in favor of a final synthesis, but may also give rise to a format of eternal beginning. In the following I will present some of the constitutive procedures found in Valéry's early notebooks, procedures that range from a tentative gathering together and simple forms of recursion and variation to the rehearsing or invention of symbolic or graphic forms of notation.

scholarly journals Religious and Philosophical Concept of Semyon Frank in the Context of Western Christian Theology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
V. A. Dolin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Orthodox Theology

The article examines the theological concepts of Semyon Frank that derive from the system of Nicholas of Cusa’s Neoplatonism. The ideas of Frank are problematic in origin, as they are attributed to different religious traditions. The paper disputes the compliance of the Frank’s Cusa-like Neoplatonism with the provisions of Catholic theology. The methodological foundation underlying the research is based on method of content reconstruction and historical and comparative method. With the view to scrutinizing the ideas of theologians, the content of Frank’s concept was reconstructed. It presents God as a spiritual Absolute and focuses on the problem of the balance stroked between God and the world, human beings and society as a whole. The leading methodological idea applied by Frank is the principle of antinomic monodualism as the coincidence of opposites in the formula unity of two or duality is one. Theological steps of argumentation in favour of the religious philosopher’s keeping aside of the Catholic path are as follows. Firstly, the critical attitude the philosophy of Nicholas of Cusa takes when facing the Catholic philosophy of those times serves as the evidence base and the obstacle for Frank to become a close ally of the Catholic thought. Secondly, the article notes the criticism Semyon Frank has of the Augustinian proposition about the insignificance of human being before God, which is foundational for Catholicism. Third, the article substantiates the compatibility of Frank’s ideas with the Orthodox ideal of sobriety and the system of external change of human being as the foundation of the system of Orthodox education and selfimprovement, thus obscuring the thoughts of his ties with Roman Latinism. Another research line treats the common features philosopher has with the third Christian confession. When comparing Frank with the Protestant theology, parallels occur (i.e. the Frank–Niebuhr Christian realism), but they are insufficient to claim the Protestant turn of Semyon Frank. As a result, it is concluded that Frank’s religious and philosophical conception is a theology of philosophical theism developed by a bearer of the Orthodox faith, not Catholicism. In relation to Orthodox theology, it is a soft, non-radical version of Orthodox modernism, in which solutions of problems that were contemporary to Frank are combined with maximum possible preservation of the provisions of the Orthodox theology.

scholarly journals Human rationality in Vito Mancuso’s liberal Catholic theology augmenting the notions of Van Huyssteen’s ‘postfoundational transversality’ and McGrath’s ‘rational consilience’

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Buitendag ◽  
Corneliu C. Simut
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
Human Rationality

The cue for this article is human rationality being the cornerstone in Wentzel van Huyssteen’s thinking, and Alister McGrath’s scepsis about the feasibility of a postfoundational transversality in particular. This article does not intend to juxtapose Van Huyssteen’s postfoundational rationality to McGrath’s enterprise of a ‘rational consilience’ but contends that a transversal approach to rationality engages social ramifications as well. Subsequently, a liberal Catholic theologian’s take on rationality is presented here as such an offering from the social sciences contributes to a bricolage of unintegrated pieces of knowledge and discernments emerging from various disciplinary or social viewpoints on reality. Vito Mancuso continues to focus on human rationality which, in his view, provides humanity with the hope of eternal life or life from the perspective of eternity. Such a conviction is in line with his horizontal understanding of human rationality, in addition to the human being’s first challenge to understanding reality.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The reason d’être of this article is to call for a discussion partner to the notion of human rationality from the social sciences (indicated as one of the neglected fields in the theology and science discourse). Vito Mancuso, for one, brings the pragmatic and transformative (even revolutionary) dimension to the table. A transversal approach to rationality must integrate such social practices as well.

scholarly journals Ergonomics of Human Choice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Ghiurca Camelia
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Human Choice ◽  
The One ◽  
Outer Environment ◽  
Human Rationality

Abstract More than 100 years ago, Herbert A. Simon wrote the book “The sciences of the artificial” (1916) where he presented Economics as an artificial science. Even though back then the mainstream economics promoted the idea of <homo economicus>, Simon’s perspective of man was as one of an artificial system, characterized by a bounded rationality whose behavior depends on his inner and outer environment. Later, in the 70’s Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky investigated more on the limitation of human rationality and built, based on empirical studies, the maps of bounded rationality. Later, Richard H. Thaler introduced the concept of nudge, as a way to improve people’s choices by using the knowledge about their limited rationality and using it to direct their behavior in the direction in which they would have behaved if they were rational. This articles treats human behavior through the lens of ergonomics, a scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. We adopt the perspective of the man as an interface between his inner and outer environment and describe how behavioral economics developed a different perspective about human choice in contrast with the one promoted by standard economics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document