scholarly journals Características de la glicerina obtenida del proceso de la reacción del metóxido de sodio en la producción del Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Ligia Adelayda Torres-Rivero ◽  
Brants Cheriff Ben-Youssef ◽  
María Fernanda Pérez-Gasca
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Glycerin Solution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Ph Range

Biodiesel is one of the alternative sources of energy obtained from the edible oils used in different types of kitchens as a renewable resource. The by-product derived from the reaction process transesterification in the production of biodiesel is glycerin the aqueous glycerin solution is filtered to remove the impurities and then neutralized with 1N NaOH. The objective of this work was to identify the characteristics of this glycerin and its applications and future use, the characterization made of this by-product from which it was collected. liters in amber bottles, the pH range between 6 and 7, density 1.24 g / l, viscosity .897 pascal sec., it is possible to recover methanol to a purity of 58% by weight, glycerin is used in many products of consumption, has a low toxicity, its properties are stability and compatibility towards other chemical compounds. The applications of this by-product are the manufacture of liquid soap, degreaser, floor cleaning, it is a non-irritating, biodegradable and recyclable compound.

scholarly journals Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Chung ◽  
Yu-Ju Chen ◽  
Chia-Hui Kang ◽  
Hung-Yun Lin ◽  
Chih-Ching Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Toxicity

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications and high biocompatibility. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether CQDs can cause acute or long-term adverse reactions in aquatic organisms. In this study, two different types of CQDs prepared by ammonia citrate and spermidine, namely CQDAC and CQDSpd, were used to evaluate their biocompatibilities. In the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET), the LD50 of CQDAC and CQDSpd was about 500 and 100 ppm. During the stage of eleutheroembryo, the LD50 decreased to 340 and 55 ppm, respectively. However, both CQDs were quickly eliminated from embryo and eleutheroembryo, indicating a lack of bioaccumulation. Long-term accumulation of CQDs was also performed in this study, and adult zebrafish showed no adverse effects in 12 weeks. In addition, there was no difference in the hatchability and deformity rates of offspring produced by adult zebrafish, regardless of whether they were fed CQDs or not. The results showed that both CQDAC and CQDSpd have low toxicity and bioaccumulation to zebrafish. Moreover, the toxicity assay developed in this study provides a comprehensive platform to assess the impacts of CQDs on aquatic organisms in the future.

scholarly journals A Review of Photoelectrocatalytic Reactors for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Stuart McMichael ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽  
John Anthony Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Electrical Bias

The photoexcitation of suitable semiconducting materials in aqueous environments can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can inactivate microorganisms and degrade a range of chemical compounds. In the case of heterogeneous photocatalysis, semiconducting materials may suffer from fast recombination of electron–hole pairs and require post-treatment to separate the photocatalyst when a suspension system is used. To reduce recombination and improve the rate of degradation, an externally applied electrical bias can be used where the semiconducting material is immobilised onto an electrically conducive support and connected to a counter electrode. These electrochemically assisted photocatalytic systems have been termed “photoelectrocatalytic” (PEC). This review will explain the fundamental mechanism of PECs, photoelectrodes, the different types of PEC reactors reported in the literature, the (photo)electrodes used, the contaminants degraded, the key findings and prospects in the research area.

scholarly journals Phosphate and Ammonium Removal from Wastewaters Using Natural-Based Innovative Bentonites Impacting on Resource Recovery and Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6684
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Zamparas ◽  
Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Vasilis C. Kapsalis
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ph Range

The research objective of the study is the estimation of a novel low-cost composite material f-MB (Fe-modified bentonite) as a P and N adsorbent from wastewaters. Τhe present study aimed at examining the phosphate and ammonium removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using f-MB, by conducting bench-scale batch experiments to investigate its equilibrium characteristics and kinetics. The SEM analysis revealed that the platelets of bentonite in f-MB do not form normal bentonite sheets, but they have been restructured in a more compact formation with a great porosity. Regarding the sorption efficiencies (Qm), the maximum phosphate sorption efficiencies (Qm) calculated using the Langmuir model were 24.54, 25.09, 26.13, 24.28, and 23.21 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range of 5 to 9. In addition, the maximum NH4+-N adsorption capacities (Qm) calculated from the Langmuir model were 131.8, 145.7, 168.5, 156.7, and 159.6 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range from 5 to 9. Another important finding of this study is that f-MB can recover P from treated wastewater impacting on resource recovery and circular economy (CE). The modified clay f-MB performed the phosphate and ammonium recovery rates of 80% and 78.5%, respectively. Finally, f-MB can slowly release the largest proportion of phosphate and ammonium ions for a long time, thus extending the application of the f-MB material as a slow-release fertilizer and soil improver.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Anticancer Therapies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Habault ◽  
Jean-Luc Poyet
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Applied Biology

Cell-penetrating-peptides (CPPs) are small amino-acid sequences characterized by their ability to cross cellular membranes. They can transport various bioactive cargos inside cells including nucleic acids, large proteins, and other chemical compounds. Since 1988, natural and synthetic CPPs have been developed for applications ranging from fundamental to applied biology (cell imaging, gene editing, therapeutics delivery). In recent years, a great number of studies reported the potential of CPPs as carriers for the treatment of various diseases. Apart from a good efficacy due to a rapid and potent delivery, a crucial advantage of CPP-based therapies is the peptides low toxicity compared to most drug carriers. On the other hand, they are quite unstable and lack specificity. Higher specificity can be obtained using a cell-specific CPP to transport the therapeutic agent or using a non-specific CPP to transport a cargo with a targeted activity. CPP-cargo complexes can also be conjugated to another moiety that brings cell- or tissue-specificity. Studies based on all these approaches are showing promising results. Here, we focus on recent advances in the potential usage of CPPs in the context of cancer therapy, with a particular interest in CPP-mediated delivery of anti-tumoral proteins.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Isotherm Studies of Copper Removal by Brushite Calcium Phosphate: Linear and Non-Linear Regression Comparison

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1532-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnane El Hamidi ◽  
Said Arsalane ◽  
Mohamed Halim
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Sorption Parameters

Interactions of Cu(II) ions with calcium phosphate Brushite (DCPD) in aqueous solutions were investigated by batch conditions and under several sorption parameters like contact time, pH of solution and initial metal concentration. The retention of copper was found maximum and dominated by exchange reaction process in the pH range 4-6. The reaction process was found initially fast and more than 98% was removed at equilibrium. The kinetics data of batch interaction was analyzed with various kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo-first order model using the non-linear regression method predicted best the experimental data. Furthermore, the adsorption process was modeled by Langmuir isotherm and the removal capacity was 331.64 mg.g-1. Consequently, Cu2+concentration independent kinetics and single surface layer sorption isotherm are then suggested as appropriate mechanisms for the whole process.

scholarly journals Influence of Pomace Matrix and Cyclodextrin Encapsulation on Olive Pomace Polyphenols’ Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Permeability

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Radić ◽  
Bisera Jurišić Dukovski ◽  
Dubravka Vitali Čepo
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Simple Formulation ◽  
Antioxidant Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Impact

Olive pomace is a rich source of biologically active compounds, mainly polyphenols. Recently, an efficient and sustainable cyclodextrin (CD)-enhanced extraction was developed. It enabled a relatively simple formulation of high-quality olive pomace extracts (OPEs) that can be used as alternative sources of olive-derived polyphenols in the nutrition and pharma industries. However, biological effects and nutraceutical potential of OPEs are primarily limited by generally low oral bioavailability of major polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives) that can be significantly influenced by OPE matrix and the presence of CDs in formulation. The major goal of this research was to investigate the impact of complex matrix and different types of CDs on gastrointestinal stability and intestinal permeability of major OPE polyphenols, and provide additional data about mechanisms of absorption and antioxidant activity in gut lumen. Obtained results showed high bioaccessibility but relatively low permeability of OPE polyphenols, which was negatively affected by OPE matrix. CDs improved antioxidant efficiency of tested OPEs and tyrosol gastrointestinal stability. Effects of CDs on permeability and the metabolism of particular OPE polyphenols were CD- and polyphenol-specific.

Effect of different types of sesquiterpene lactones on the maturation of Rhinella arenarum oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
G. Sánchez-Toranzo ◽  
J. Zapata-Martínez ◽  
C. Catalán ◽  
M.I. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Rhinella Arenarum ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Asteraceae Family

SummaryThe sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large class of plant secondary metabolites that are generally found in the Asteraceae family and that have high diversity with respect to chemical structure as well as biological activity. STLs have been classified into different groups, such as guaianolides, germacranolides, and melampolides etc., based on their carboxylic skeleton. In amphibians, fully grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at the beginning of meiosis I. Under the stimulus of progesterone, this meiotic arrest is released and meiosis progresses to metaphase II, a process known as oocyte maturation. The purpose of this work was to determine whether sesquiterpene lactones from the germacranolide and melampolide groups act as inhibitor agents on the meiosis of amphibian oocytes in vitro. Results for germacranolides indicated that the addition of deoxyelephantopins caused a high degree of inhibition and that minimolide showed a moderate inhibitory effect, whereas glaucolide A was inactive. Furthermore, the addition of melampolides (uvedalin, enhydrin, polymatin A and polymatin B) showed inhibitory effects. For enhydrin and uvedalin, inhibitory effects were observed at the higher concentrations assayed. The results of this study suggest that the inhibitory activity of the tested sesquiterpene lactones on the meiosis of Rhinella arenarum oocytes is not dependent on the group to which they belong, i.e. not on the carboxylic skeleton, but probably due to the arrangement and type of function groups present in the molecules. All assayed lactones in the germacranolide group showed low toxicity. In contrast, important differences in toxicity were observed for lactones from the melampolide group: enhydrin and uvedalin showed low toxicity, but polymatin A and B were highly toxic.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF A SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR TRANSFORMING THE REGIONAL FARM OF BULGARIA TOWARDS THE BIOECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF BIOMASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 480-484
Author(s):  
D. Toteva ◽  
R. Popov ◽  
P. Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Micro Organisms

The bioeconomy includes all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, micro-organisms and biomass, including organic waste), their functions and principles. The use of new technologies in the national economy is a key moment, which will create opportunities for the production of high - quality products from bioeconomy represented by the different types of activities. In the paper presents some of the basic indicators (socio-economic) applicable in the regional economy of the country, based on the principles and factors specific to each region. The transformation of indicators towards the bioeconomy will give greater opportunities for social and economic prosperity in each region of the country according to its specific characteristics. Biomass is a kind of solar energy conserved in plant and animal organisms. Biomass as a resource includes waste products from animals and human activities. On earth, there is a certain amount of "dead" organic matter that can be used once as a non-renewable resource from organic fuels.

A Series of Extremely Potent Thrombin-Inhibitors Newly Synthetized

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto ◽  
A. Hijikata ◽  
R. Kikumoto ◽  
S. Tonomura ◽  
Y. Tamao
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Thrombin Activity ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Very High

Starting with the simple arginine derivatives having weak thrombin-inhibitory activity, ca. 320 chemical compounds were designed and synthetized by the authors, in such a way as increasing the inhibitory activity by stepwise chemical modifications. The extremely potent inhibitors thus obtained are described.These inhibitors are chemcially naphthalene-sulfonyl-arginine derivatives, the basic structure being composed of three functional sub-units and designed, to reflect the part of fibrinogen peptide to be split by thrombin.One of the representatives, dansyl-arginine-ethyl-piperidine amide, inhibited 50% of thrombin activity at 0.1 μM when 5 μM fibrinogen was substrate. Similar result was also obtained when benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA was substrate. The mode of inhibition was found competitive.The inhibitors suppressed the platelets aggregation due to thrombin satisfactorily. However, the inhibition on plasmin, reptilase or trypsin was far weaker, indicating the very high selectivity to thrombin. Their relatively low toxicity led the authors to extend the studies toward the animal experiments and results obtained will be reported elsewhere.

Natural Cyclic Peptides as Clinical and Future Therapeutics

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smritilekha Bera ◽  
Dhananjoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Conformationally Constrained ◽  
Therapeutic Landscape ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Essential Resource

Natural cyclic peptides are conformationally constrained notable biomolecules and reveal several drug-like properties such as high binding affinity, metabolic stability, target selectivity, bioavailability, low toxicity and flexibility. They have attracted a lot of attention as alternative sources of new drugs to traditional small molecules in drug discovery. Compared to classical medicines, cyclic peptides with a novel mechanism of action are attractive for their potential therapeutic applications particularly for cancer therapy and several diseases caused by resistant and non-resistant bacteria, virus, and fungi. Herein, we provide an overview of the naturally occurring biologically active cyclic peptide therapeutic landscape, including promising candidates, which are under trial in different stages for future and/or clinically used drugs against different diseases. This will certainly be an essential resource for upcoming and existing researchers and scientists within industry and academia in medicinal, bioorganic, and natural product chemistry.

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