scholarly journals Construcción de un sensor electroquímico para determinación de gases contaminantes en el aire (CO, CO2 y O3), empleado una tarjeta Arduino

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Lozano-Camargo ◽  
Christian Hugo Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Laura Galicia-Luis ◽  
Fernando Talavera-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical And Chemical

As humanity evolves, air pollution has increased due to the various anthropogenic activities that man carries out, alienating emissions of gases and polluting particles to the environment, seriously affecting the health of living beings and the planet, since these cause Irreversible physical and chemical alterations in the environment, becoming a major problem worldwide. In Mexico there are meteorological stations that measure air quality and they are only found at fixed points, however, they do not cover all areas of the State of Mexico, the deterioration of air quality brings with it an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases ; That is why this project's main objective is to build a portable electrochemical sensor using an Arduino board, using customizable software capable of quantifying and analyzing three polluting gases CO, CO2 and O3, especially in the municipality of Chimalhuacán located in the area East of the State of México.

scholarly journals Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Adeeba Al-Hurban ◽  
Sawsan Khader ◽  
Ahmad Alsaber ◽  
Jiazhu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

This study aimed to examine the trend of ambient air pollution (i.e., ozone (O3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at 10 monitoring stations located in the main residential and industrial areas in the State of Kuwait over 6 years (2012–2017). We found that the SO2 level in industrial areas (0.065 ppm) exceeded the allowable range of SO2 in residential areas (0.030 ppm). Air pollution variables were defined by the Environmental Public Authority of Kuwait (K-EPA). In this study, integrated statistical analysis was performed to compare an established air pollution database to Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and to determine the association between pollutants and meteorological factors. All pollutants were positively correlated, with the exception of most pollutants and PM10 and O3. Meteorological factors, i.e., the ambient temperature, wind speed and humidity, were also significantly associated with the above pollutants. Spatial distribution mapping indicated that the PM10 level remained high during the southwest monsoon (the hot and dry season), while the CO level was high during the northeast monsoon (the wet season). The NO2 and O3 levels were high during the first intermonsoon season.

scholarly journals COVID-19 national lockdown in Morocco: impacts on air quality and public health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenza Khomsi ◽  
Houda Najmi ◽  
Hassan Amghar ◽  
Youssef Chelhaoui ◽  
Zineb Souhaili
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quality Status

AbstractOn the 20th April 2020, the end date of the first strict lockdown period in Morocco, 2 403 410 cases of the corona Virus were confirmed globally. The number of Morocco confirmed cases attended 2990, while 12 746 were suspected and 143 deaths were recorded. Due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 worldwide and in Morocco, almost all avoidable activities in the country were prohibited since the kingdom announced activities reduction on March 16, 2020 and then general lockdown with reduced industrial activities on March 20, 2020.This study aims at comparing the air quality status in Casablanca and Marrakech, two large cities from Morocco, before the pandemic and during the lockdown situation to show whether COVID-19 compelled-anthropogenic activities lockdown may have saved lives by restraining ambient air pollution than by preventing infection.We found that, during the quarantine, NO2 dropped by -12 μg/m3 in Casablanca and -7 μg/m3 in Marrakech. PM2·5 dropped by -18 μg/m3 in Casablanca and -14 μg/m3 in Marrakech. CO dropped by -0.04 mg/m3 in Casablanca and -0.12 mg/m3 in Marrakech. This air pollution reduction had created human health benefits and had reduced mortality and saved lives mainly from cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Status of Air Pollution in Botswana and Significance to Air Quality and Human Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modise Wiston
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World

Background. Air pollution is an important issue in developed and industrialized countries. The most common sources of air pollution are anthropogenic activities such as construction dust, vehicular emissions and mining. For low- and middle-income countries, biomass burning and indoor heating are the leading sources of air pollution. As more of the world undergoes development and human populations increase, industrialization is also increasing, along with the potential for air pollution. Objectives. This article reviews the status of air pollution to raise awareness of air quality and human health in Botswana. Discussion. Since independence, Botswana has experienced one of the highest economic development growth rates in the world. These changes have occurred as a result of economic growth and resource utilization associated with increased industrialization. However, there is growing worldwide concern about the effect and impact of pollution due to industrial growth. Botswana is ranked amongst the most polluted countries with serious air pollution, despite a population of just over 2 million. Conclusions. Rapid development and increased urbanization have had a major environmental impact around the world. This increased growth has the potential to lead to air quality degradation. Significant health threats are posed by industrial and vehicular emissions, especially in urban and peri-urban areas where the population is most concentrated. It is important that the linkage between air pollution and health effects is fully examined across all scales of life, especially in developing countries. In addition, programs should be devised to educate the public about the pollution impacts on health. Competing Interests: The authors declare no financial competing interests.

scholarly journals Development of a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer applied to the city of Oran, Algeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid RAHAL ◽  
Noureddine BENABADJI ◽  
Mohamed BENCHERIF ◽  
Mohamed Menaouer BENCHERIF
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
The City

Abstract In Algeria, air pollution is classified as a major risk by the law. However, this risk is underestimated because there is no operational network for measuring air quality on a continuous basis.Despite the heavy investments made to equip several cities with these measurement systems, they are out of order due to a lack of continuous financial support.The alternative to the absence of these air pollution measurement networks can come from the recent development of electrochemical sensor technologies for air quality monitoring which arouses a certain interest because of their miniaturization, low energy consumption and low cost.We developed a low-cost outdoor carbon monoxide analyzer called APOMOS (Air pollution Monitoring System) based on electrochemical sensor managed by microcontroller. An application developed with the Python language makes it possible to manage process and analyze the collected data.In order to validate the APOMOS system, the recorded measurements are compared with measurements taken by a conventional analyzer.Comparison of the measurements resulting from conventional analyzer and those resulting from the APOMOS system gives a coefficient of determination of 98.39 %.Two versions of this system have been designed. A fixed version and another embedded, equipped with a GPS sensor. These 2 variants were used in the city of Oran in Algeria to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide continuously.The targeted pollutant is carbon monoxide. However, the design of the APOMOS system allows its evolution in an easy way in order to integrate other sensors concerning the various atmospheric pollutants.

scholarly journals An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raslan Alenezi ◽  
Bader Al-anezi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM10 and NO2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NOx emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.

scholarly journals Effects of air pollution exposure on children lung function in three urban areas of São Paulo State

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A L F Braga ◽  
B B B Oliveira ◽  
A Senigalia ◽  
P R S Pestana ◽  
L A A Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
São Paulo

Abstract Deleterious effects of air pollution on human health have been observed, including increases in respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function. Few studies in Brazil have investigated this association in asthmatic children and there is no study in those regions. The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of air pollution on lung function in children. Methods Panel study with longitudinal assessment for 12 months of exposure to air pollutants and their effects on lung function in children living in Santos, Cubatão and Presidente Prudente. Data were obtained from monthly spirometry and information on air quality through Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo. Models of equations for generalized estimates were adopted to analyze the effects of the exposure to air pollution on respiratory function, controlled for temperature and humidity. Results The concentration of PM10 did not exceed the values established as standard for the state of São Paulo (120μg/m3) during the study. In spirometry, the main parameter for characterization of bronchial obstruction is FEV1/CVF. In Santos, it was observed that the increase of 13.35 μg/m3 of PM10 led to a significant reduction of FEV1/CVF on the day and seven days after exposure, with greatest effect in lag 5 (-21.45% (95% CI: -7.34; -35.56) in asthmatics. In Presidente Prudente it was found a significant reduction of FEV1/CVF on the day and on the seven days after exposure to PM10 (-78.22% (95% CI: 55.68-100.75)). In Cubatão, it was observed a significant reduction of FEV1/CVF on the day, the first, third, fourth and seventh day after exposure of PM10, (lag 4 -54.75% (95% CI: -22.09; -87.41)). In the non-asthmatics group no significant reductions were observed in any of the locations. Conclusions Although the pollution levels remained within the air quality standards for the State of São Paulo, children with asthma presented significant reductions in lung function after exposure to the pollutants. Key messages Susceptible groups must be the main concern on air pollution adverse health effects studies. Efforts to reduce air pollution in Brazil can not be abandoned, once it remains affecting public health.

scholarly journals Unprecedented Temporary Reduction in Global Air Pollution Associated with COVID-19 Forced Confinement: A Continental and City Scale Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Arfan Arshad ◽  
Chuanrong Zhang ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Weidong Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Maximum Reduction

Shortly after the outbreak of the novel infectious disease (COVID-19) started at the end of 2019, it turned into a global pandemic, which caused the lockdown of many countries across the world. Various strict measures were adopted to reduce anthropogenic activities in order to prevent further spread and infection of the disease. In this study, we utilized continental scale remotely sensed data along with city scale in situ air quality observations for 2020 as well as data from the baseline period (2015–2019) to provide an early insight on air pollution changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, by combining both continental and city scales. For the continental scale analysis, data of NO2, SO2, and O3 were acquired from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and data of aerosol optical depth (AOD) were collected from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). For city scale analysis, data of NO2, CO, PM2.5, O3, and SO2 were derived from ground-based air quality observations. Results from satellite observations at the continental scale showed that concentrations of NO2, SO2, and AOD substantially dropped in 2020 during the lockdown period compared to their averages for the baseline period over all continents, with a maximum reduction of ~33% for NO2 in East Asia, ~41% for SO2 in East Asia, and ~37% for AOD in South Asia. In the case of O3, the maximum overall reduction was observed as ~11% in Europe, followed by ~10% in North America, while a slight increase was found in other study regions. These findings align with ground-based air quality observations, which showed that pollutants such as NO2, CO, PM2.5, and SO2 during the 2020 lockdown period decreased significantly except that O3 had varying patterns in different cities. Specifically, a maximum reduction of ~49% in NO2 was found in London, ~43% in CO in Wuhan, ~38% in PM2.5 in Chennai, and ~48% in SO2 in Beijing. In the case of urban O3, a maximum reduction of ~43% was found in Wuhan, but a significant increase of ~47% was observed in Chennai. It is obvious that restricted human activities during the lockdown have reduced the anthropogenic emissions and subsequently improved air quality, especially across the metropolitan cities.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Status in 10 Mega-Cities in China during the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3172
Author(s):  
Crystal Jane Ethan ◽  
Kingsley Katleho Mokoena ◽  
Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Mega Cities ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

Over the past decades, urbanization and industrialization have led to a change in air quality, bringing researchers to a full realization of the damaging effects of human activities on the environment. This study focused on describing air quality during the initial phase of the Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (since there were fewer anthropogenic activities) in 10 Chinese mega-cities. Using the independent t-test, the means of air quality index (AQI) scores and individual air pollutants concentration during the outbreak were compared with the means before the outbreak. Cohen’s d was estimated to quantify how much difference was observed. Based on the AQI score, the air quality in these 10 cities ranged from excellent (Shenzhen) to light pollution (Xi’an) with 44.8 μg m−3 and 119.7 μg m−3, respectively. In comparison to the 2019 air quality, Guangzhou and Wuhan noted major differences in air quality during the outbreak. Indicators of traffic pollution, particularly NO2, were significantly lower during the outbreak in all cities. Particulate matter pollution varied, with some cities observing lower concentrations and other higher concentrations during the outbreak. There was a significant decrease in air pollution levels during the outbreak. More researchers should observe changes in air quality during peculiar or major events. Implementation of stringent regulation on vehicle use should be considered in mega-cities. Relevant findings should be employed in emphasizing the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and support the need for stringent emission control regulations.

scholarly journals STUDY ON AIR QUALITY AT SEVERAL RURAL AREAS SELECTED IN JOHOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Haryati Shafii ◽  
Nursyikin Miskam ◽  
Azlina Md Yassin ◽  
Tawee Seow ◽  
Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Recorded Data

The rapid development that spills over into rural areas has resulted in rural areas in the State of Johor is no exception showed deterioration of air quality as a result of development. The study area was in Kampung Paya Pulai, Segamat; Parit Raja, Batu Pahat; Kampung Sri Bahagia, Mersing and Kampung Pok and Johor Bahru. Air quality sampling for this study is for gas pollutant SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM10 which requires sampling for one hour. Gases such as SO2, NO2 and CO2 content gas concentration values are seen in air through air quality sampling tool YESAIR Model #6000. While sampling the Ozone O3 through the tool Detector. These two tools are portable and direct reading of values obtained after the observations made on-site sampling study area. While PM10, the air samples are collected using the tool per sample air G2142 Model E-Sampler. Recorded Data will be transferred to the computer using Terminal Utility Software (TUS) to analyzed. Air observation was carried out three times a day, in the morning, noon and night. Air quality sampling performed on two different days which are business days in Johor (Monday-Friday) and not working (Saturday & Sunday). While for pollutants PM10 is determined within the last 24 hours. Determination of air quality based on the Standards referenced/air quality environment in Malaysia, issued by the Department of Environment (DOE). The results showed pollution occurs in all rural areas in the State of Johor. Gas SO2 and NO.2 show the highest reading was in Parit Raja with each recitation of SO2 am 0.011 0.024 noon and night, 0.008 ppm, while NO.2 at reading in the morning, noon and 0.009 0.011-night 0.005 ppm. The main gas contributing to air pollution is PM10, CO, and O3 in all areas of the study. API on average less than 50 reading still categorized as ' healthy '. Only one station that recorded the value of the ' medium ' in Kampung Paya Pulai, Segamat contributed by the concentration of PM10. It is hoped that this study will serve as a guide to community and stakeholders in the development of rural areas and the need to maintain the air quality in rural areas.

scholarly journals The effect of COVID-19 on the air pollution in urban areas of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Afed Ullah Khan ◽  
Jehanzeb Khan ◽  
Fayaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Rooman Khan ◽  
Raza Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Evidence Based Care

Background: The impacts of lockdown on air pollution have been examined in various parts of the world. The concentration of main air pollutants has been decreased owing to a decline in anthropogenic activities like fossil fuel burning, etc. The main aim of this research was to assess the impacts of lockdown on air pollution of the main urban areas of Pakistan. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the air quality index (AQI) of the main urban areas of Pakistan based on the pre- and post-lockdown effects and mortality rate due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hotspot analysis was conducted to assess the most vulnerable spots at the country level. Results: The AQI greatly improved in all the main cities of Pakistan which ranges from 51 to 87. The pre- and post-lockdown AQI were categorized from unhealthy for sensitive groups to hazardous and moderate, respectively. There are noticeable hotspots in the vicinity of Lahore and Karachi. The level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) dropped 45%, 49%, 20%, 35%, and 56% in Peshawar, Lahore, Multan, Karachi, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, respectively. Conclusion: Nature healed due to lockdown, which is the only good face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The temporary lockdown greatly improved air quality which may stimulate the policymakers, researchers, and governments for the smart use of resources to minimize emissions to heal the nature. The present study also suggests the application of hotspot analysis in different contexts for the evidence-based care services decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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