scholarly journals STUDY ON AIR QUALITY AT SEVERAL RURAL AREAS SELECTED IN JOHOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Haryati Shafii ◽  
Nursyikin Miskam ◽  
Azlina Md Yassin ◽  
Tawee Seow ◽  
Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Recorded Data

The rapid development that spills over into rural areas has resulted in rural areas in the State of Johor is no exception showed deterioration of air quality as a result of development. The study area was in Kampung Paya Pulai, Segamat; Parit Raja, Batu Pahat; Kampung Sri Bahagia, Mersing and Kampung Pok and Johor Bahru. Air quality sampling for this study is for gas pollutant SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM10 which requires sampling for one hour. Gases such as SO2, NO2 and CO2 content gas concentration values are seen in air through air quality sampling tool YESAIR Model #6000. While sampling the Ozone O3 through the tool Detector. These two tools are portable and direct reading of values obtained after the observations made on-site sampling study area. While PM10, the air samples are collected using the tool per sample air G2142 Model E-Sampler. Recorded Data will be transferred to the computer using Terminal Utility Software (TUS) to analyzed. Air observation was carried out three times a day, in the morning, noon and night. Air quality sampling performed on two different days which are business days in Johor (Monday-Friday) and not working (Saturday & Sunday). While for pollutants PM10 is determined within the last 24 hours. Determination of air quality based on the Standards referenced/air quality environment in Malaysia, issued by the Department of Environment (DOE). The results showed pollution occurs in all rural areas in the State of Johor. Gas SO2 and NO.2 show the highest reading was in Parit Raja with each recitation of SO2 am 0.011 0.024 noon and night, 0.008 ppm, while NO.2 at reading in the morning, noon and 0.009 0.011-night 0.005 ppm. The main gas contributing to air pollution is PM10, CO, and O3 in all areas of the study. API on average less than 50 reading still categorized as ' healthy '. Only one station that recorded the value of the ' medium ' in Kampung Paya Pulai, Segamat contributed by the concentration of PM10. It is hoped that this study will serve as a guide to community and stakeholders in the development of rural areas and the need to maintain the air quality in rural areas.

scholarly journals Air quality assessment in Southeast Brazil during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: report of increased air pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Kabke Bainy ◽  
Ilma Aparecida Paschoal ◽  
Ana Maria Heuminski de Avila ◽  
Henrique Oliveira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Air Quality Assessment ◽  
Possible Cause

On March 24, 2020, a partial lockdown was decreed in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, as a measure to hinder the spread of COVID-19, which consisted in prohibiting crowding and advising people to stay home, except for urgent or extremely necessary matters. Based on studies performed in other countries, this study aims to assess the impacts of the lockdown on the air quality of five cities in the state of São Paulo. Our study was conducted by using particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide as air quality indicators, and by correlating the contaminants concentrations with weather data. The results showed an increase in these contaminants in all cities within the first weeks after the lockdown compared with the weeks before the decree and with the same period in previous years. This result is inconsistent with the literature. Therefore, a secondary goal was set to investigate the possible cause (or causes) of such deterioration in air quality, which led to the increased number of wildfires. The anomalous dry weather favored the burning of vegetation in agricultural rural areas and in small, vegetated areas near the municipalities, and limited pollution scavenging by rainfall, both of which contributed to higher pollution concentration. We hypothesize the possible effects of worse air quality on the aggravation of COVID-19, but further research is necessary to obtain a complete assessment.

scholarly journals Quantifying Air Pollutant Variations during COVID-19 Lockdown in a Capital City in Northwest China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Rong Feng ◽  
Hongmei Xu ◽  
Zexuan Wang ◽  
Yunxuan Gu ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions

In the context of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict lockdown policies were implemented to control nonessential human activities in Xi’an, northwest China, which greatly limited the spread of the pandemic and affected air quality. Compared with pre-lockdown, the air quality index and concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO during the lockdown reduced, but the reductions were not very significant. NO2 levels exhibited the largest decrease (52%) during lockdown, owing to the remarkable decreased motor vehicle emissions. The highest K+ and lowest Ca2+ concentrations in PM2.5 samples could be attributed to the increase in household biomass fuel consumption in suburbs and rural areas around Xi’an and the decrease in human physical activities in Xi’an (e.g., human travel, vehicle emissions, construction activities), respectively, during the lockdown period. Secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere increased in the lockdown period, as evidenced by the increased O3 level (increased by 160%) and OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 (increased by 26%), compared with pre-lockdown levels. The results, based on a natural experiment in this study, can be used as a reference for studying the formation and source of air pollution in Xi’an and provide evidence for establishing future long-term air pollution control policies.

scholarly journals Air Quality Assessment in the State of Kuwait during 2012 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Adeeba Al-Hurban ◽  
Sawsan Khader ◽  
Ahmad Alsaber ◽  
Jiazhu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

This study aimed to examine the trend of ambient air pollution (i.e., ozone (O3), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), benzene (C6H6) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at 10 monitoring stations located in the main residential and industrial areas in the State of Kuwait over 6 years (2012–2017). We found that the SO2 level in industrial areas (0.065 ppm) exceeded the allowable range of SO2 in residential areas (0.030 ppm). Air pollution variables were defined by the Environmental Public Authority of Kuwait (K-EPA). In this study, integrated statistical analysis was performed to compare an established air pollution database to Kuwait Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and to determine the association between pollutants and meteorological factors. All pollutants were positively correlated, with the exception of most pollutants and PM10 and O3. Meteorological factors, i.e., the ambient temperature, wind speed and humidity, were also significantly associated with the above pollutants. Spatial distribution mapping indicated that the PM10 level remained high during the southwest monsoon (the hot and dry season), while the CO level was high during the northeast monsoon (the wet season). The NO2 and O3 levels were high during the first intermonsoon season.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Desain Bangunan Berdasarkan Sistem Sertifikasi DGNB (Studi Kasus : The Khabele School, Austin)

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Dady Wicaksono ◽  
Sugini Sugini
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Zero Carbon

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-GB">The air pollution problem had become a big problem for many cities in the world. In line with the rapid development of these cities, the concept of sustainability also continues to develop with various solutions to overcome existing problems. To solve the air pollution problem, the authors evaluated the selected building object, The Khabele School, to see the extent of the building's contribution to overcoming the air pollution problem.  The evaluation was carried out based on the DGNB (German Sustainable Building Council) certification system, the variables measured were biotope area factor (BAF), indoor air quality, daylight factor, and zero-carbon mobility. The results reveal that indoor air quality and daylight factors could meet the desired standards, while BAF and zero-carbon mobility had not met the standard. Based on theoretical and empirical studies, this paper discussed alternative design strategies, to improve the quality of the building, so that they can contribute more to overcoming air pollution problem.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals Air pollution in landfill of wastes other than hazardous or inert / Zanieczyszczenia powietrza na składowiskach odpadów innych niż niebezpieczne i obojętne

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Miaśkiewicz-Pęska ◽  
Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacteria ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Portable Gas Chromatograph

Abstract Microbiological and chemical analysis of air was carried out on the area of landfill of wastes other than inert or hazardous. The landfill covers 20 ha and 40 000 Mg of wastes is deposited annually. Municipal waste is not segregated at the landfill. The research was conducted in April, May and November 2012. Number of the psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria and fungi was estimated by a culture-based method. Quantitative determination of sulfur compounds and meteorological and olfactrometric examinations were also carried out. Chemical analysis was conducted with a Photovac Voyager portable gas chromatograph. Air samples were collected at 5 points. The largest group of microbes were psychrophilic bacteria, especially in summer. The highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide and other odorants was found at leachate tank and landfill body. According to the Polish Standard for the assessment of atmospheric air pollution the air in the area of the landfill is classified as not contaminated and sporadically moderately contaminated. In spring and summer the number of microscopic fungi was increased also in control samples.

scholarly journals Construcción de un sensor electroquímico para determinación de gases contaminantes en el aire (CO, CO2 y O3), empleado una tarjeta Arduino

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Lozano-Camargo ◽  
Christian Hugo Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Laura Galicia-Luis ◽  
Fernando Talavera-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical And Chemical

As humanity evolves, air pollution has increased due to the various anthropogenic activities that man carries out, alienating emissions of gases and polluting particles to the environment, seriously affecting the health of living beings and the planet, since these cause Irreversible physical and chemical alterations in the environment, becoming a major problem worldwide. In Mexico there are meteorological stations that measure air quality and they are only found at fixed points, however, they do not cover all areas of the State of Mexico, the deterioration of air quality brings with it an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases ; That is why this project's main objective is to build a portable electrochemical sensor using an Arduino board, using customizable software capable of quantifying and analyzing three polluting gases CO, CO2 and O3, especially in the municipality of Chimalhuacán located in the area East of the State of México.

scholarly journals On the long term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air-quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 32101-32155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huszar ◽  
M. Belda ◽  
T. Halenka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Central European ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Urban Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the impact of urban emission from Central European cities on the present-day regional air-quality, the regional climate model RegCM4.2 was coupled with the chemistry transport model CAMx, including two-way interactions. A series of simulations was carried out for the 2001–2010 period either with all urban emissions included (base case) or without considering urban emissions. Further, the sensitivity of ozone production to urban emissions was examined by performing reduction experiments with −20 % emission perturbation of NOx and/or NMVOC. The validation of the modeling system's air-quality related outputs using AirBase and EMEP surface measurements showed satisfactory reproduction of the monthly variation for ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). In terms of hourly correlations, reasonable values are achieved for ozone (r around 0.5–0.8) and for NO2 (0.4–0.6), but SO2 is poorly or not correlated at all with measurements (r around 0.2–0.5). The modeled fine particulates (PM2.5) are usually underestimated, especially in winter, mainly due to underestimation of nitrates and carbonaceous aerosols. EC air-quality measures were chosen as metrics describing the cities emission impact on regional air pollution. Due to urban emissions, significant ozone titration occurs over cities while over rural areas remote from cities, ozone production is modeled, mainly in terms of number of exceedances and accumulated exceedances over the threshold of 40 ppbv. Urban NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 emissions also significantly contribute to concentrations in the cities themselves (up to 50–70 % for NOx and SO2, and up to 60 % for PM2.5), but the contribution is large over rural areas as well (10–20 %). Although air pollution over cities is largely determined by the local urban emissions, considerable (often a few tens of %) fraction of the concentration is attributable to other sources from rural areas and minor cities. Further, for the case of Prague (Czech Republic capital) it is shown that the inter-urban interference between large cities does not play an important role which means that the impact on a chosen city of emissions from all other large cities is very small. The emissions perturbation experiments showed that to achieve significant ozone reduction over cities in central Europe, the emission control strategies have to focus on the reduction of NMVOC, as reducing NOx, due to suppressed titration, leads often to increased O3. The influence over rural areas remote from cities is however always in favor of improved air-quality, i.e. both NOx and/or NMVOC reduction ends up in decreased ozone pollution, mainly in terms of exceedances.

scholarly journals Status of Air Pollution in Botswana and Significance to Air Quality and Human Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modise Wiston
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World

Background. Air pollution is an important issue in developed and industrialized countries. The most common sources of air pollution are anthropogenic activities such as construction dust, vehicular emissions and mining. For low- and middle-income countries, biomass burning and indoor heating are the leading sources of air pollution. As more of the world undergoes development and human populations increase, industrialization is also increasing, along with the potential for air pollution. Objectives. This article reviews the status of air pollution to raise awareness of air quality and human health in Botswana. Discussion. Since independence, Botswana has experienced one of the highest economic development growth rates in the world. These changes have occurred as a result of economic growth and resource utilization associated with increased industrialization. However, there is growing worldwide concern about the effect and impact of pollution due to industrial growth. Botswana is ranked amongst the most polluted countries with serious air pollution, despite a population of just over 2 million. Conclusions. Rapid development and increased urbanization have had a major environmental impact around the world. This increased growth has the potential to lead to air quality degradation. Significant health threats are posed by industrial and vehicular emissions, especially in urban and peri-urban areas where the population is most concentrated. It is important that the linkage between air pollution and health effects is fully examined across all scales of life, especially in developing countries. In addition, programs should be devised to educate the public about the pollution impacts on health. Competing Interests: The authors declare no financial competing interests.

scholarly journals Air Quality over China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3542
Author(s):  
Gerrit de Leeuw ◽  
Ronald van der A ◽  
Jianhui Bai ◽  
Yong Xue ◽  
Costas Varotsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Underlying Processes

The strong economic growth in China in recent decades, together with meteorological factors, has resulted in serious air pollution problems, in particular over large industrialized areas with high population density. To reduce the concentrations of pollutants, air pollution control policies have been successfully implemented, resulting in the gradual decrease of air pollution in China during the last decade, as evidenced from both satellite and ground-based measurements. The aims of the Dragon 4 project “Air quality over China” were the determination of trends in the concentrations of aerosols and trace gases, quantification of emissions using a top-down approach and gain a better understanding of the sources, transport and underlying processes contributing to air pollution. This was achieved through (a) satellite observations of trace gases and aerosols to study the temporal and spatial variability of air pollutants; (b) derivation of trace gas emissions from satellite observations to study sources of air pollution and improve air quality modeling; and (c) study effects of haze on air quality. In these studies, the satellite observations are complemented with ground-based observations and modeling.

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