scholarly journals Teacher Careers in Education Systems That Are Coherent for Learning: Choose and Curate Toward Commitment to Capable and Committed Teachers (5Cs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Yi Hwa ◽  
Lant Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Multi Level

How can education authorities and organisations develop empowered, highly respected, strongly performance-normed, contextually embedded teaching professionals who cultivate student learning? This challenge is particularly acute in many low- and middle-income education systems that have successfully expanded school enrolment but struggle to help children master even the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic. In this primer, we synthesise research from a wide range of academic disciplines and country contexts, and we propose a set of principles for guiding the journey toward an empowered, effective teaching profession. We call these principles the 5Cs: choose and curate toward commitment to capable and committed teachers. These principles are rooted in the fact that teachers and their career structures are embedded in multi-level, multi-component systems that interact in complex ways. We also outline five premises for practice, each highlighting an area in which education authorities and organisations can change the typical status quo approach in order to apply the 5Cs and realise the vision of empowered teaching profession.

Career Development Theory: An Integrated Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Yates
Keyword(s):  
Career Choice ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Career Practice

Career theories are developed to help make sense of the complexity of career choice and development. The intricacy of the subject matter is such that career theories most often focus on one or two aspects of the phenomenon. As such, the challenges of integrating the theories with each other, and integrating them within career practice, are not insignificant. In this chapter, an overview of the theoretical landscape is offered that illustrates how the theories align with each other to build up a comprehensive picture of career choice and development. The chapter introduces a wide range of theoretical frameworks, spanning seven decades and numerous academic disciplines, and discusses the most well-known theorists alongside less familiar names. The chapter is structured around four concepts: identity, environment, career learning, and psychological career resources. Suggestions are offered for the incorporation of theories in career practice.

scholarly journals A global perspective on the issue of access to insulin

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beran ◽  
Maria Lazo-Porras ◽  
Camille M. Mba ◽  
Jean Claude Mbanya
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pricing And Reimbursement

AbstractThe discovery of insulin in 1921 changed the prognosis for people with type 1 diabetes. A century later, availability and affordability of insulin remain a challenge in many parts of the globe. Using the WHO’s framework on understanding the life cycle of medicines, this review details the global and national challenges that affect patients’ abilities to access and afford insulin. Current research and development in diabetes has seen some innovations, but none of these have truly been game-changing. Currently, three multinational companies control over 95% of global insulin supply. The inclusion of insulin on the WHO’s Prequalification Programme is an opportunity to facilitate entry of new companies into the market. Many governments lack policies on the selection, procurement, supply, pricing and reimbursement of insulin. Moreover, mark-ups in the supply chain also affect the final price to the consumer. Whilst expenses related to diabetes are mostly covered by insurance in high-income countries, many patients from low- and middle-income countries have to pay out of their own pockets. The organisation of diabetes management within the healthcare system also affects patient access to insulin. The challenges affecting access to insulin are complex and require a wide range of solutions. Given that 2021 marks the centenary of the discovery of insulin, there is need for global advocacy to ensure that the benefits of insulin and innovations in diabetes care reach all individuals living with diabetes. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Achieving Viral Suppression in 90% of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B Nachega ◽  
Nadia A Sam-Agudu ◽  
Lynne M Mofenson ◽  
Mauro Schechter ◽  
John W Mellors
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Although significant progress has been made, the latest data from low- and middle-income countries show substantial gaps in reaching the third “90%” (viral suppression) of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals, especially among vulnerable and key populations. This article discusses critical gaps and promising, evidence-based solutions. There is no simple and/or single approach to achieve the last 90%. This will require multifaceted, scalable strategies that engage people living with human immunodeficiency virus, motivate long-term treatment adherence, and are community-entrenched and ‑supported, cost-effective, and tailored to a wide range of global communities.

Mewirausahakan Birokrasi Sekolah Tinggi Penerbangan Indonesia Dengan Pola Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum

WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-163
Author(s):  
Tiarto Tiarto
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The Status

Currently, the STPI is in stagnant condition or status quo to be a Public Service Agency. This paper is intended for those who feel disturbed by this fact, and have concern for the STPI.Some problems: achievement cadets who decline, low quality but the quantity of excess human resources, education systems, curricula, low reward / low salaries, expenditures per student is high, crowded dormitories, degree requirements, marketing graduates, competency standards / certification, accreditation, Research and Community Service (PPM) which does not fit with the mission, training co-operation contracts with third parties, outsourcing and so on.It all resulted in efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and low yields, thus the need for reform toward a more entrepreneurial way STPI bureaucracy, and fortunately with a strong new leadership of the Chairman with the spirit of high entrepreneur, STPI want to build a center for human flight (center of excellence human resources development for aviation), including the urgent need to change the status of a Pattern of Financial Management of Public Service Agency.

George Washington: a revolutionary approach to leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1009
Author(s):  
Todd C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Leadership Theories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tools And Techniques

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine George Washington’s approach to leadership through the lens of contemporary leadership theory and practice; and second, to help modern managers further reflect upon and develop their own leadership capabilities through a historiographic examination of Washington’s leadership traits and skills.Design/methodology/approachCombining three different academic disciplines, management, psychology and history, the author utilized a historiographic and interdisciplinary research methodology, conducting a detailed exploration of the life of George Washington through an examination of a wide range of original archival materials, books, journal articles and other sources.FindingsThe present analysis reveals that Washington demonstrated a variety of well-validated leadership competencies (e.g. emotional intelligence, resilience, integrity, etc.) that are largely consistent with leader-centered theoretical conceptions of leadership.Originality/valueThis is the first historiographic study of George Washington’s approach to leadership within the management literature. Additionally, through the development of a competency model, the study demonstrates how Washington employed tools and techniques from a host of modern leadership theories to achieve critically important results.

scholarly journals Pioneer: A New Tool for Coding of Multi-Level Finite State Machines Based on Evolution Programming

VLSI Design ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
S. Muddappa ◽  
R. Z. Makki ◽  
Z. Michalewicz ◽  
S. Isukapalli
Keyword(s):  
Finite State Machines ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
State Machines ◽  
State Assignment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Crossover And Mutation ◽  
Evolution Programs

In this paper we present a new tool for the encoding of multi-level finite state machines based on the concept of evolution programming. Evolution programs are stochastic adaptive algorithms, based on the paradigm of genetic algorithms whose search methods model some natural phenomenon: genetic inheritance and Darwinian strife for survival. Crossover and mutation rates were tailored to the state assignment problem experimentally. We present results over a wide range of MCNC benchmarks which demonstrate the effectiveness of the new tool. The results show that evolution programs can be effectively applied to state assignment.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Anna M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundExpert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.AimsThis review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice.MethodA narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines.ResultsThe Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses.ConclusionFurther work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries.Declaration of interestA.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.

scholarly journals Preprint of "Income Inequality Reduces Civic Honesty"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Du ◽  
Anli Chen ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Income inequality has been shown to have a detrimental impact on a wide range of psychological, economic, and social outcomes. In this study, we focus on the role of income inequality in reducing civic honesty. Study 1 reanalyzed data of a “lost wallet” experiment conducted by Cohn, Maréchal, Tannenbaum, and Zünd (2019) in 355 cities spread across 40 countries. Multi-level analyses indicated that citizens in countries with higher income inequality were less likely to return a lost wallet. Study 2 examined the causal effects of income inequality by utilizing an experimental design. We found that income inequality reduced one’s personal desire to return a lost wallet. Convergent findings from two studies indicate the crucial role played by income inequality in reducing civic honesty.

scholarly journals Health-related research publications on religious mass gatherings of Muslims: a bibliometric analysis (1980–2020)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Sweileh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
International Health ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Objective Mass gatherings medicine is an emerging and important field at the national and international health security levels. The objective of the current study was to analyze research publications on religious mass gatherings of Muslims using bibliometric tools. Methods Keywords related to religious mass gatherings of Muslims were used in Scopus database. The duration of the study was from January 01, 1980 to December 31, 2020. Examples of keywords used include hajj, Umrah, mass gatherings/Mecca or Makkah, mass gatherings/Karbala, pilgrim/Makkah or Mecca, and others. Bibliometric indicators and mapping were presented. Results In total, 509 documents were retrieved. The average number of citations per article was 16.7 per document. Analysis of the retrieved documents indicated that (1) more than 90% of the retrieved documents were about the mass gatherings in Mecca/Makkah; (2) two-thirds of the retrieved documents were research articles; (3) a take-off phase in the number of publications was observed after 2008; (4) the retrieved documents were disseminated in a wide range of journals but specifically the ones in the fields of infectious diseases, public health, and travel medicine; (5) the retrieved documents were mainly published by scholars from Saudi Arabia with collaborative research ties with scholars in the US, France, the UK, and Australia; (6) Saudi Arabia contributed to more than half of the retrieved documents; and (7) four research themes were found: knowledge, attitude, and practices of pilgrims to Mecca/Makkah, vaccination, etiology of hospital admission among pilgrims, and epidemiology of various types of infectious diseases. Conclusions Research on mass gatherings, specifically the Hajj, is emerging. Researchers from the Saudi Arabia dominated the field. Research collaboration between scholars in Saudi Arabia and scholars in low- and middle-income countries is needed and must be encouraged since these countries have weaker health systems to screen, monitor, and control the spread of infectious diseases because of the Hajj season.

Overall Structure Control for Product Design Using Geometric Skeleton Based on Functional Decomposition

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
LianShui Guo ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Lian Zhao ◽  
Qingming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Skeleton Model ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Engineering Design Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Design Knowledge Reuse ◽  
Rapid Modeling

Product conceptual design derives from the functional requirement initially, and the overall structure control for product design is one of the most difficult problems being addressed in CAD modeling. The objective of this investigation is to present a framework on rapid modeling using rules and mechanism library for mapping between functions and mechanism structures. In this paper, it is shown that the overall structure can be achieved largely by using multi-level parametric skeleton model. In order to drive the conceptual design into a more detailed design, the intelligent master model is presented to realize the parametric feature modeling and design knowledge reuse. The main contribution of this paper is that an integrated framework has been developed to design assembling tools of satellite by using a necessary auxiliary wizard. The case studies presented demonstrate the potential significance of this work for a wide range of engineering design problems.

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