Negotiating Equity: Examining Priorities, Ownership, and Politics Shaping Ethiopia’s Large-Scale Education Reforms for Equitable Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Asgedom ◽  
Shelby Carvalho ◽  
Pauline Rose
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Shared Commitment

In 2018, the Government of Ethiopia committed to large-scale, donor-supported reforms aimed at improving equitable learning in the basic education system—the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E). In this paper, we examine the reform design process in the context of Ethiopia’s political environment as a strong developmental state, assessing the influence of different stakeholder priorities which have led to the focus on equity within the quality reforms. Drawing on qualitative data from 81 key informant interviews with federal and regional government officials and donors, we explore the negotiation and power dynamics which have shaped the design of the reforms. We find that a legacy of moderately successful reforms, and a shared commitment to global goals, paved the way for negotiations of more complex and ambitious reforms between government actors and donors. Within government, we identify that regional governments were only tokenistically included in the reform process. Given that regions are responsible for the implementation of these reforms, their limited involvement in the design could have implications for success.

Meta-Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Egeberg ◽  
Jarle Trondal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Government Agencies ◽  
Instrumental Control

Chapter 8 draws attention to meta-governance and how the governing of reforms is affected by how reform processes are organized. The chapter asks how reformers can ensure support for large-scale reforms that are likely to attract profound resistance. The focal point of the chapter is a study of geographical decentralization of central government agencies. The chapter argues that successful meta-governance can be provided for by careful organization of the reform process. The empirical case studied is a large-scale relocation of government agencies in Norway during the early 2000s. In carrying out this reform, the government succeeded against the odds. Most importantly, research has revealed huge constraints on the instrumental control of large-scale reforms in general and of geographical relocation of organizations in particular. Yet, this chapter shows that large-scale reforms can be successfully achieved through careful crafting of the reform organization.

scholarly journals PESANTREN DALAM POLITIK DAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharisul Wathoni
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
The Government

A political policy that is carried out within a certain period of time seems to encourage the development of a social system as an effort to maintain the security of the system and political policies. As the government policy given to pesantren as Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, has had an impact on the development of Islamic education institutions in Indonesia from basic education institutions and even to the formation of higher education institutions that are able to compete with general education institutions. There are 5 characteristics inherent in Islamic boarding schools, namely: pondok, mosque, teaching of classical Islamic books, santri, and kyai. Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia have a very big role, both for the progress of Islam itself and for the Indonesian nation as a whole. Based on existing records, religious education activities in the archipelago have been started since 1596. These religious activities are later known as Islamic boarding schools. Ulama began to realize that the traditional Islamic boarding schools and education systems were no longer suited to the Indonesian climate at that time. Therefore, an idea emerged about the need to develop and renew Islamic education in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun pada Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah IBNU Taimiyyah Kebokura Sumpiuh Banyumas

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Rifqi Abdul Rosyad
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Director General ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Study Program ◽  
The Government

Abstract   This paper focused describing the implementation of the Nine-Year Compulsory Basic Education Learning Program at the Salafiyyah Ibn Taimiyah Islamic Boarding School in Kebokura, Sumpiuh, Banyumas Regency in terms of the Director General Decree of Islamic Institution Number: E / 239 / 2001. This is a qualitative research the subjects of which are the caregivers of Islamic boarding schools, Muslim scholars, Administrative Staff (TU), and santri. The data of this research were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the Implementation of the Nine-Year Compulsory Basic Education Study Program at Ibn Taymiyyah Islamic Boarding School was good, because of the 11 criteria contained in the Director General of Islamic Institutional Decree Number: E / 239/2001 concerning the implementation of the Compulsory Education Program in this institution is appropriate. In addition, the implications of the implementation of the Nine-Year Compulsory Basic Education Learning Program at Ibn Taymiyyah Islamic Boarding School had many positive impacts on management, such as the admission of certificate equivalece to formal education, the integration of religious and general education, the increase number of santri and regular funding from the government.. Keywords program implementation, nine-year basic education compulsory education program at salafiyah islamic boarding school, director general of islamic religion decision number: E/239/2001   Abstrak   Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk menguraikan pelaksanaan program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyyah Ibnu Taimiyah Kebokura Sumpiuh Banyumas ditinjau dari Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Kelembagaan Agama Islam Nomor: E / 239 / 2001. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, subjek penelitiannya adalah pengasuh pondok pesantren, Ustadz dan Staff Tata Usaha (TU) serta santri. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan datanya adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pelaksanaan Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Ibnu Taimiyah baik, karena dari 11 kriteria yang terdapat dalam Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Kelembagaan Agama Islam Nomor: E / 239 / 2001 tentang penyelenggaraan Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar pada Pondok Pesantren salafiyah Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Ibnu Taimiyah  sudah sesuai. Kemudian implikasi diterapkannya Program Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Ibnu Taimiyah memberikan banyak dampak positif terhadap manajemen di Pondok pesantren tersebut, mulai dari ijazah pondok yang setara dengan pendidikan formal, integrasi pendidikan agama dan umum, peningkatan jumlah santri dan adanya sumber dana yang sudah pasti dari pemeintah.

Bureaucracy and Geography: Geographic Relocation of the Norwegian Central Administration

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarle Trondal ◽  
Charlotte Kiland
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal Design

How did the Norwegian government succeed in the geographic relocation of a number of domestic agencies? This study suggests an organisational theory approach to explain the success. It argues that formal organisation of the decision-making process in government largely explains the success of the relocation reform. The government had to contend with: physical relocation of institutions tending to mobilise the attention and resistance of affected stakeholders, earlier attempts at physical relocation of agencies largely failing, and the absence of parliamentary majority. Studies demonstrate that large-scale reform processes tend to be characterised by medium degrees of hierarchical control. Instrumental leadership tends to be present in minor institutional reforms than in large-scale reforms. This study suggests that large-scale physical relocation of agencies was completed largely through the formal design of the reform process, i.e. by safeguarding hierarchical leadership from the government.

Japan's Interventionist State: Bringing Agriculture Back In

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURELIA GEORGE MULGAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

One of the perennial controversies in the study of Japanese political economy has centred on the role of the government in the economy and in Japan's economic growth. The best-known model of Japanese political economy is the ‘capitalist developmental state’, which offers both a descriptive model of Japanese political economy and an explanation for Japan's postwar economic miracle in terms of bureaucracy-led intervention. As a descriptive model, the ‘capitalist developmental state’ both over-generalises and under-generalises key features of Japan's political economy. It over-generalises because it builds a model of Japanese political economy based on government-business relations in a number of large-scale, export-oriented manufacturing industries ignoring inefficient or ‘laggard’ sectors or admitting them only as system supports. The model under-generalises Japanese political economy because types and modes of bureaucratic intervention are consistent across different sectors of the economy, and in fact are more prevalent in weaker sectors, such as agriculture.

scholarly journals Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions Policy (PSBB) in Bogor District Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Retnowati WD Tuti ◽  
Ma'mun Murod ◽  
Tria Patrianti
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Large-scale Social Limitation (hereinafter referred to as PSBB) is one form of concern. The government and local governments are Pendemic throughout Indonesia and the world, namely Pandemic Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Bogor Regency, which is one of the buffer cities of the Republic of Indonesia, is an area that is quite vulnerable in spreading the Corona virus. Why? because many DKI Jakarta employees / laborers live in Bogor Regency, whose mobility is very high. With the birth of Regent Regulation No. 16 of 2020 concerning Implementation of Large- Scale Social Restrictions in Handling COVID-19 in order to conserve the use of Covid 19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Implementation of Large Scale Social Limitation Policies in the Government of Bogor Regency. This research method uses Qualitative Methods with Literature Study research methods. (Huberman, Miles, 1994). The technique of inviting data is by searching Scientific Journals, Online Mass Media, Legislation and Books. The technique to determine Online Media by Pusposive, while for data analysis using Nvivo 12 Plus. Test the validity of the data by testing the data source. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Large-Scale Social Limitation Policy in the Bogor District Government has not yet proceeded, starting from the clash of authority between the Central Government and the Regional Government so that it cannot make improvements, and many more are in accordance with the provisions of Covid-19 and its distribution. Social assistance to the community.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGAWASAN, KOMPETENSI APARATUR DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PENGAWASAN BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DASAR DI KOTA DEPOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Muhamad Nur ◽  
Khasan Effendy ◽  
M. Aries Djaenuri ◽  
Sampara Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education System ◽  
The People ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstrak Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan diperlukan sebuah jalannya manajemen pemerintahan yang maksimal guna dicapainya penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik (good governance) untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan merupakan tuntutan konstitusi pada Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Alenia keempat. Pasal 31 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 mengamatkan bahwa Pendidikan merupakan hak setiap warganegara dan pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah menjamin terselenggaranya sistem pendidikan nasional sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalis pengaruh implementasi kebijakan pengawasan, kompetensi aparatur, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pengawasan bidang pendidikan dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan kuesioner terbuka dan tertutup. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara implementasi kebijakan pengawasan, kompetensi aparatur dan budaya birokrasi terhadap kinerja pengawasan bidang pendidikan dasar baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Kata Kunci: Pengawasan, Kompetensi Aparatur, Budaya Organiasi, Kinerja Pengawasan. Abstract The administration of government requires a way of maximizing government management in order to achieve good governance in order to realize the welfare of the people and constitute demands of the constitution at the Preamble of the fourth Alenia 1945 Constitution. Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution states that Education is the right of every citizen and the government and regional government guarantees the implementation of the national education system in accordance with Law Number 20 of 2003. This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of the implementation of supervisory policies, apparatus competencies, and culture organization of supervision performance in the field of basic education. The method used in this research is quantitative with open and closed questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the causality relationship partially or simultaneously between the Implementation of Supervision Policy, Apparatus Competency and Bureaucratic Culture to the Supervision Performance of the Basic Education Sector is entirely positive and significant. Keywords: Oversight, Apparatus Competency, Organizational Culture, Oversight Performance.

scholarly journals Implementation of Oversight Policy, Apparatus Competence and Organizational Culture and its Effect on Performance of Field Supervision Basic Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Muhamad Nur ◽  
Khasan Effendy ◽  
M. Aries Djaenuri ◽  
Sampara Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education System ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract The administration of government requires a way of maximizing government management to achieve good governance to realize the welfare of the people and constitute demands of the constitution at the Preamble of the fourth Alenia 1945 Constitution. Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution states that Education is the right of every citizen, and the government and regional government guarantees the implementation of the national education system by Law Number 20 of 2003. This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of the implementation of supervisory policies, apparatus competencies, and culture organization of supervision performance in the field of primary education. The method used in this research is quantitative with open and closed questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the causality relationship partially or simultaneously between the Implementation of Supervision Policy, Apparatus Competency, and Bureaucratic Culture to the Supervision Performance of the Basic Education Sector is entirely "positive and significant." Thus, the four hypotheses of this research are "accepted." Then, the results of the distribution of scores indicate that all dimensions of the variable values ​​are higher than 90% and can be categorized as "Good." Based on the two analyzes, it can be stated that the Supervision Performance of the Basic Education Field held by the City of Depok, West Java Province is "Good." Conclusion This study shows that the Performance of Oversight in Basic Education goes well. This is evidenced by all four accepted hypotheses, and a positive and significant causality relationship. This was obtained by models and concepts in the field of education supervision. With the findings of the Actual Oversight Model, it is recommended for the government that this model can be used as input for the supervision policy formulation, Work Standards Criteria (KSK), and Education Supervision Performance Indicators (IKPP). Keywords: Actual Oversight Model, Educational Oversight, Apparatus Competency, Organizational Culture, Oversight Performance.

scholarly journals O Simave à luz das três gerações de avaliação da educação básica

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (67) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Karla Oliveira Franco ◽  
Adolfo Ignacio Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Education Evaluation ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Government ◽  
Results Management

<p>Este artigo apresenta um panorama do processo de implantação do Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública (Simave), com objetivo de compreender sua trajetória à luz das três gerações de avaliação da educação básica no Brasil, no período entre 2000 e 2013. Por meio de estudo bibliográfico, constatou-se a existência dessas gerações no processo de implantação do Simave. A primeira foi identificada em experiências anteriores ao Simave e nos primeiros anos do referido sistema (2000-2002), período pautado pelo caráter diagnóstico das avaliações. Entre 2003 e 2007, foi identificada a segunda geração, marcada pelo início do programa Acordo de Resultados do Governo de Minas Gerais, envolvendo metas de desempenho e gestão por resultados. A terceira, iniciada em 2007, foi marcada pela segunda fase do Acordo de Resultados, envolvendo o pagamento do prêmio por produtividade atrelado ao desempenho dos alunos nos testes avaliativos do Simave.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Simave; Avaliação em Larga Escala; Educação Básica; Avaliação de Sistemas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Simave a la luz de las tres generaciones de evaluación de la educación básica</strong></p><p>Este artículo presenta un panorama del proceso de implantación del Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública (Simave), con el objetivo de comprender su trayectoria a la luz de las tres generaciones de evaluación de la educación básica en Brasil en el periodo que abarca del 2000 al 2013. Por medio de estudio bibliográfico, se constató la existencia de dichas generaciones en el proceso de implantación del Simave. La primera fue identificada en experiencias anteriores al Simave y en los primeros años del referido sistema (2000-2002), periodo pautado por el carácter diagnóstico de las evaluaciones. Entre 2003 y 2007 se identificó la segunda generación, marcada por el inicio del programa Acuerdo de Resultados del Gobierno de Minas Gerais, que involucraba metas de desempeño y gestión por resultados. La tercera, iniciada en 2007, fue marcada por la segunda fase del Acuerdo de Resultados e implicaba el pago del premio por productividad vinculado al desempeño de los alumnos en las pruebas evaluativas de Simave.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Simave; Evaluación en Gran Escala; Educación Básica; Evaluación de Sistemas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Understanding the simave in the light of the three generations of basic education evaluation</strong></p><p>This article presents an overview of the deployment process of the Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública (Simave), in order to understand its development in the light of three generations of evaluation of Basic Education in Brazil. These generations were identified through a bibliographical study of the Simave deployment process. The first generation was identified in experiments undertaken before Simave and in the first years of this system (2000-2002), period guided by the diagnostic nature of the evaluations. The second generation of evaluation was identified between 2003 and 2007 and marked by the beginning of the Results Agreement Program of the Government of Minas Gerais involving performance targets and results management. The third generation, started in 2007, was marked by a second phase of the Results Agreement Program, involving the payment of the productivity bonus linked to the performance of students in the Simave evaluation tests.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Simave; Large-Scale Evaluation; Basic Education; Evaluation Systems.</p>

scholarly journals Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindakan Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan dalam Kondisi Darurat Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Hasanal Mulkan
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Financial System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Government

This study will look at the government's policy of handling Covid-19 from a prophetic legal point of view based on three main pillars, namely humanization, liberation and transcendence. In this study, the authors use normative research by using the approach to legislation, the prophetic legal concept approach and the case approach. The results of the study show that the Covid-19 handling policy carried out by the government still contains inaccurate recipient data, the distribution of basic needs assistance is not carried out in stages from the Central Government to the Regional Government but is carried out simultaneously, there is a legal basis that opens space abuse of authority due to legal immunity for officials. Keywords: Policies, handling of covid-19, prophetic lawThe government has issued several legal products such as Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial Policy and Financial System Stability for Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and/ Or in the context of Facing Threats That Endanger the National Economy and/or Financial System Stability and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in the Context of Accelerating Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The government has also implemented PSBB and Physical Distancing policies, but these policies are not effective in breaking the chain of spread of COVID-19, it can be seen that the number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia on January 28, 2021 has reached 1 million cases, the highest in Southeast Asia.

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