ANALYSIS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM STATES OF MILK-RAW MATERIAL MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF EFFECTIVE REGIONAL AGRARIAN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Supply Elasticity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Equilibrium Market ◽  
Actual Price ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In order to analyze non-equilibrium states in the regional markets of milk-raw materials, a model of "estimated price" has been developed. That model is a function of two factors, an indicator opposite to the supply elasticity, the role of which is to assess the efficiency of the price stimulus and resource efficiency, acting as an indicator of the balanced state of the market. Four types of non-equilibrium market state were identified based on that model and tested on the example of individual markets of the VRO (Volga Region Okrug). Thus it is possible to classify markets according to two characteristics: surplus or deficit and positive or negative reaction of milk sales volume to price incentive. These parameters are determined by the structural characteristics of the market and, above all, by the level of development of the collective sector - agricultural organizations. In regions with low level of development of the collective sector there is a significant shortage in the market of milk-raw materials and a weak reaction of agricultural organizations to the price incentive. At the same time, the actual price of milk sales came close to the upper limit of the price range of the "estimated price," which as a matter offact indicates that there is a limit for further price incentives. However, even under these conditions, the structural position ofprocessors in the market is stronger and incapable of solving the deficit problem. Regions with a high level of development of the collective sector are characterized by two situations - either surplus or slight deficit with the possibility of transition to balance in the market and excessive price incentive. Here, the actual price turns out to be much higher than the "estimated price," which shows the presence of a complementary price, - an investment instrument for the development of dairy cattle breeding. The application of the "estimated price" tool allows to synthesize the methodology of several approaches. In particular the decomposition of the price factor of 1 ton of milk by two factors: full costs and profit from the sale of 1 ton of milk, allowed to link the provisions of the concept of supply elasticity and the theory of reproduction.

scholarly journals Edible coating quality with three types of starch and sorbitol plasticizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Utami Hatmi ◽  
Erni Apriyati ◽  
Nurdeana Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

Edible coating is one form of packaging technology with environmentally friendly theme. The raw materials of edible coating derived from nature, while the waste is decomposed or even zero waste. The research of edible coating using experimental design RAL (completely randomized design) with two factors, namely the type of raw material used tuber starch (cassava, arrowroot and canna) and the percentage of starch (3%, 4% and 5%) (b/v) with three replications time. The quality analisys of edible coating includes the physical properties (thickness (mm), tensile strength (N) and elongation (mm)) and chemical properties (moisture content (%), solubility (%), the water vapor transmissin rate (g/hour) and peroxide (mek/kg). The research showed that the edible coating with sorbitol plasticizer of arrowroot starch 4% provide best physicochemical properties (thickness 0,09mm; 1,63N tensile strength; elongation 84,38mm; water content of 11.19%; solubility of 31.40%; the transfer of water vapor 0,16g / h and 3,20mek/ kg).

scholarly journals Carbonate complexes underlying Flysch belt and subsurface Neogene volcanic in the NE part of Slovakia – a potential for geothermal energy and raw materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Ľudovít Kucharič ◽  
Vladimír Bezák ◽  
Dušan Majcin ◽  
Ján Vozár
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Carbonate Complexes

Abstract A positive gravity anomaly was observed in the Flysch belt realm. Based on this fact and available geological knowledge we suppose that the source of gravity anomaly might be carbonate rocks lying perhaps in the footwall of Flysch sediments. The carbonates belong perhaps to the Penninic crust cover (a part of Klippen belt), or to lower structural stage of the Flysch belt. Besides this it is interpreted more volume of Neogene subvolcanic bodies in the frame of the Flysch belt based on the results of the newest magnetic measurements in the NE part of Slovakia (Kucharič et. al., in press). These are accompanied by increasing heat flow and hydrothermal alteration within neighbouring rocks what may eventuate into creation of raw materials. These two factors - carbonates and subvolcanic bodies - are important items for appraisal of new perspective in this area not only from hydrocarbon occurrences point of view (a primary intend within this area) but also for enhancement of geothermal potential of Slovak Republic and opening possibilities for prognosis of raw material occurrences as well.

Penggunaan Pot Berbahan Dasar Organik untuk PembibitanGmelina arborea Roxb. di Persemaian

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wilarso Budi ◽  
Andi Sukendro ◽  
Lina Karlinasari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objectve of this research was to obtain the best materials composition and adhesive of organic pot for forest trees seedling production. Organic pot strength was evaluated by testing the strength of rupture elasticity and elasticity stiffness of each composition. The bioassay testing used Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern, consisting of two factors, (1) basic raw materials of the pot (used newspaper, litter and compost) and (2) the type of adhesive (control, tanin and starch). The results showed that the adhesive starch gave higher strength, whereas adhesive tannin gave higher stiffness as compared to control. Results of bioassay showed that the mixture (50:50 v/v) of basic materials of used newspaper and compost (KKK) which were glued with tannin, produced the best results for height and diameter increament with the value of 35.85 cm, 0.31 cm respectively and biomass value of 0.99 g after 12 weeks of planting. The highest level of damage in organic pot with basic raw materials KKK without adhesive was 47.6%, whereas lowest level of damage in organic pot with basic raw material used newspaper (KK) with tannin addhesive was 2.0% after 12 weeks in the nursery.Keywords: adhesive, Gmelina arborea,organic pot, organic matter, nursery,

scholarly journals Scope of biodiesel from oils of woody plants: a review

Clean Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Baskar Thangaraj ◽  
Pravin Raj Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Abstract Non-edible oils obtained from chosen non-conventional woody plants are considered as potential raw materials for biodiesel production. These plants mostly grow in wastelands. Structural characteristics of these oils as raw material are very much in tune with the properties of biodiesel such as long-chain hydrocarbon, having an adequate level of unsaturation with branched chain. Four primary methods are being followed to make biodiesel from vegetable oil. They are direct use through blending, microemulsion, thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and transesterification. Non-edible oil would eliminate the issue of food vs fuel. The biodiesel manufactured from oils of woody plants may partially reduce the demand for liquid-fuel energy and addresses the environmental consequences of using fossil fuels. Oil from a total of 17 species of woody plants (Angiosperms) belonging to 14 families are considered in this paper. The habit, habitat and geographical distribution of each species are also presented. The physico-chemical properties of their oil, with special reference to the fatty-acid profile that ultimately decides the characteristics of the biodiesel prepared from them, are reviewed.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF DAIRY ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-25
Author(s):  
FEDULOVA Iryna ◽  
VASIUTYNSKA Yuliia
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
New Products ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Negative Effect

Background. The dairy industry plays an important role in ensuring the country’s food security, and the consumption of quality dairy products by the population in the required quantity and at reasonable prices is an urgent condition for ensuring the health of the nation. That’s why the study of the main trends and prospects for the development of the dairy market in Ukraine is relevant and important, especially in an unsaturated market. The analysis of recent research and publications hasrevealed the need of studying the innovative aspect of the development of the dairy industry and deter­mi­ning the prerequisites for the innovative activity of dairy enterprises to ensure their competitiveness on the market. The aimof the study is to analyzethe development of the dairy industry in Ukraine in general and in the context of its innovative activities in particular.The tasks of the study were to identify trends, highlight the problems of innovative activities of dairy industry enterprises to ensure successful long-term work on the market and determine the directions for their solution. Materials and methods. In the process of the study, we used statistical methods of analysis, which made it possible to determine the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of the dairy industry and its main structural characteristics. We also used dialectical, abstract-logical and systemic analysis, which made it possible to determine the main positive and negative trends in the development of the dairy industry and, in par­ticular, its innovative activities. Results. In Ukraine, the dairy industry is developing unevenly. The article examines the indicators of the development of the dairy raw material market, the amount of production and consumption of milk per person in Ukraine, the structure of the market of dairy producers, the volume of dairy products production, the volume of innovative products sold by the dairy companies, the number of food and dairy enterprises, that were engaged in innovative activities and introduced innovations according to their types, the number of units of new products that were introduced in the food and dairy industry, the structure of new products introduced in the food and dairy industry, the number of introduced products per enterprise, the amount of innovation expenditures, and the cost efficiency ratio. This made it possible to identify the main trends and problems in the development of the dairy industry and determine the main directions of their solution. Conclusion. The main reasons that hinder the development of the dairy industry in Ukraine and have a negative effect on dairy producers are: lack of raw materials; price fluctuations for raw materials and finished products; law quality of raw materials, un­stable socio-economic situation of the country, decline in the purchasing power of the population, loss of some international sales markets; decrease in market capacity due to the loss of control over the part of the territory of Ukraine. At the same time, the deve­lopment of technical and technological basis doesn’t allow manufacturers and processors to reduce prices and stimulate demand; the links between producers and processors aren’t optimized in terms of delivery charges; low world prices for dairy products reduce the export potential of domestic dairy products. Therefore, there is a need for significant adap­tation of dairy producers to export requirements.

scholarly journals The physical characteristics of cheese made of milk, colostrum and both during the ripening

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
F. D. Astuti ◽  
T. Setyawardani ◽  
S. S. Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Cheese Texture ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cheese Production

This study aimed to understand the physical characteristics of cheese made of cow milk, colostrum, and milk+colostrum ripened for 20 days. Two factors in this study were cheese made of three materials: A (100% cow milk), B (50% cow milk + 50% colostrum) and C (100% colostrum), and ripening time, i.e. 0, 10, and 20 days. The process of cheese production started by heating the raw material, followed by decreasing the temperature, incorporating kefir as the starter. The next step was and the rennet and re-incubate the mixture for one hour until the fluid became solid granules, then the granules were filtered and pressed. The cheese was stored at a low temperature (4-8oC) according to each treatment. Each combination was repeated three times. The physical properties of cheese examined in this study were color, texture, pH, and microstructure. The result showed that the raw materials of cheese would produce different cheese colours in terms of lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), and whiteness index (WI) as well as cheese texture (hardness and gumminess). Also, ripening time would affect the hardness, springiness gumminess, chewiness, L*, a*, and WI of cheese. Colostrum added in cheesemaking has increased both yellowness and cavities in the microstructure. 

scholarly journals Malgorzata Daszkiewicz, O. Munteanu, V. Iarmulschi, Pottery found at the Butuceni and Orheiul Vechi Iron Age settlements – results of archaeoceramological analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-225
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Know How ◽  
Pottery Technology ◽  
Two Factors

The aim of laboratory analysis carried out on pottery fragments recovered from the Poienești-Lucaşeuca (PL) site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni was to verify the hypothesis that there was a continuity in pottery technology traditions and the hypothesis that there was continuity in raw material use. In order to verify these hypotheses, i.e. to determine whether we are dealing with continuity or with changes in pottery manufacturing, two factors must be taken into account: know-how and raw material. This means that it is necessary to perform both technological and raw material analyses. For the purposes of this study the following methods were used: MGR-analysis, chemical analysis by WD-XRF, thin-section studies and an estimation of physical ceramic properties. The results of archaeometric analysis of pottery from the PL site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni did not substantiate the hypothesis that there had been a continuity in pottery technology traditions. The results of archaeometric analysis of pottery from the PL site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni did, conversely, confirm the hypothesis that there was a continuity in raw material use. At both sites and in both phases there is a marked emphasis on local production of ceramics using locally sourced raw materials.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM THE FRUIT BODY OF INONOTUS HISPIDUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Gulnoza Abduvahobovna Khalilova ◽  
Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich Turaev ◽  
Bakhtiyor Ikromovich Muhitdinov ◽  
Al'bina Vasil'yevna Filatova ◽  
Saida Bokizhonovna Haytmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Exclusion

The article is devoted to the study of polysaccharides isolated from the basidiomycete raw material I. hispidus and studying their physical and chemical properties. Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from mushroom raw materials by the method of sequential water extraction and the yield was 9.44%. Polysaccharides were separated into neutral fractions by ion exchange chromatography and purified from proteins and peptides. During the separation process, it was determined that the polysaccharide sample consisted of homogeneous polysaccharides, while the carbohydrate content of the purified polysaccharide sample was 99.4%. The carbohydrate composition of polysaccharides was determined, it was found that the polysaccharide consists mainly of glucose residues and contains minor amounts of fructose and rhamnose residues. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were determined by size exclusion chromatography. The Mw of the polysaccharide sample obtained was 18.7 kDa, the polydispersity index was 1.3. The results of IR-, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies have shown that the polysaccharide, according to its structural characteristics, belongs to the β-glucan type polysaccharide having β-(1,3) and β-(1,6)-glycosidic bounds.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

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