scholarly journals Генетическая интерпретация клоновой селекции винограда

2019 ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Viktor Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Проведен обзор научно-исследовательских работ по методологии клоновой селекции винограда. Анализируются различные определения термина «клон винограда». Рассмотрены возможные причины возникновения клонов: точковые мутации, поликлональное происхождение, модификации. Поддерживающий отбор, используемый для сохранения чистоты, типичности сорта и его хозяйственно ценных свойств, способствует очищению сорта от отрицательных клонов и созданию выровненных насаждений. Для улучшения существующих сортов винограда используется направленный отбор и размножение нетипичных, ценных в биолого-хозяйственном отношении форм растений. Также одной из задач отбора должна быть задача восстановления сортов. Идентификация отличий нового клона нуждается в индивидуальном подходе в зависимости от свойства: мутации и полиплоидия, качественные и количественные признаки . У винограда химерность тканей и клеток является распространенным явлением, многие сорта виноградной лозы являются периклинальными химерами. Приведены варианты отличий маточного куста от исходного сорта, необходимых и достаточных для выделения клона в первом вегетативном поколении. С генетической точки зрения, к основным признакам для клонового отбора винограда обоснованно следует отнести признаки, наследование которых установлено и существенно. Поскольку при работе с клонами приходится принимать во внимание большое количество признаков, представляется эффективным использование многомерных моделей изменчивости. Отмечена перспективность развития методов молекулярной генетики, позволяющих идентифицировать плоидность и генетические различия между растениями, но изучение клонов такими методами пока не получило широкого распространения. Рассматриваются возможности использования в клоновой селекции винограда биотехнологических методов. Недостатком клонового отбора является однородность виноградников и продукции в дополнение к генетической эрозии. Поэтому изменчивость в пределах отдельных сортов должна поддерживаться путем отбора различных клонов, и в виноградарстве, наряду с клоновой селекцией, обязательно должна иметь место генеративная селекция. Таким образом, клон в виноградарстве - это идентичное по генотипу и фенотипу вегетативное потомство растения, выделенного в насаждениях какого-либо сорта винограда и отличающегося от типичных кустов исходного сорта по характеристикам, сохраняющимся при вегетативном размножении. Клоновая селекция винограда перспективна, чему способствуют генетические особенности этой культуры: большая частота спонтанных мутантов, наличие сортов с достаточно широкой генетической изменчивостью, вегетативное размножение, позволяющее сохранять каждое отклонение на неограниченное время.A review of research work on the methodology of clone selection of grapes was carried out. Various definitions of the term ‘grape clone’ are analyzed. Possible causes for the emergence of clones are discussed: point mutations, polyclonal origin, modifications. Recurrent selection used to preserve the purity and typicality of a variety and its economically valuable traits promotes cleansing the variety from negative clones and creating uniform plantings. To improve existing grape varieties, directional selection and propagation of atypical, biologically and economically valuable plant forms are used. Also, restoration of varieties should be one of selection tasks. The identification of different features of a new clone needs an individual approach depending on the properties: mutations and polyploidy, qualitative and quantitative traits. Chimerism of tissues and cells is common in grapes; many varieties of grapevines are periclinal chimeras. Variants of differences between the clone mother vine and the initial variety which are necessary and sufficient for clone selection in the first vegetative generation are presented. From the genetic point of view, main traits for clone selection of grapes should reasonably include traits whose inheritance is essential and has been established. Since a large number of traits have to be taken into account when working with clones, it seems efficient to use multidimensional models of variability. It is noted that development of molecular genetic methods has good prospects since they make it possible to identify ploidy and genetic differences between plants, but the study of clones by such methods has not yet become widespread. The possibilities of using biotechnological methods in clone selection of grapes are discussed. In addition to genetic erosion, the uniformity of vineyards and products enters as a weak point of clone selection. Therefore, the variability within individual varieties should be maintained by selection of various clones, and, along with clone selection, generative breeding must necessarily take place in viticulture. Thus, a clone in viticulture is a vegetative offspring of a plant selected in the plantings of any grape variety and differing from typical vines of the initial variety in terms of characteristics preserved during vegetative propagation. Plants of a clone are identical in genotype and phenotype. Clone selection of grapes is promising, which is facilitated by genetic characteristics of this crop: a high frequency of spontaneous mutants, existence of varieties with a fairly wide genetic variability, vegetative propagation which allows to preserve each deviation for an unlimited time.

Glucokinase and glucose homeostasis: proven concepts and new ideas

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zelent ◽  
H. Najafi ◽  
S. Odili ◽  
C. Buettger ◽  
H. Weik-Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Metabolic Switch ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis

The enzyme GK (glucokinase), which phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate, serves as the glucose sensor of insulin-producing β-cells. GK has thermodynamic, kinetic, regulatory and molecular genetic characteristics that are ideal for its glucose sensor function and allow it to control glycolytic flux of the β-cells as indicated by control-, elasticity- and response-coefficients close to or larger than 1.0. GK operates in tandem with the K+ and Ca2+ channels of the β-cell membrane, resulting in a threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin release of approx. 5 mM, which is the set point of glucose homoeostasis for most laboratory animals and humans. Point mutations of GK cause ‘glucokinase disease’ in humans, which includes hypo- and hyper-glycaemia syndromes resulting from activating or inactivating mutations respectively. GK is allosterically activated by pharmacological agents (called GK activators), which lower blood glucose in normal animals and animal models of T2DM. On the basis of crystallographic studies that identified a ligand-free ‘super-open’ and a liganded closed structure of GK [Grimsby, Sarabu, Corbett and others (2003) Science 301, 370–373; Kamata, Mitsuya, Nishimura, Eiki and Nagata (2004) Structure 12, 429–438], on thermostability studies using glucose or mannoheptulose as ligands and studies showing that mannoheptulose alone or combined with GK activators induces expression of GK in pancreatic islets and partially preserves insulin secretory competency, a new hypothesis was developed that GK may function as a metabolic switch per se without involvement of enhanced glucose metabolism. Current research has the goal to find molecular targets of this putative ‘GK-switch’. The case of GK research illustrates how basic science may culminate in therapeutic advances of human medicine.

Somatic mutations in the androgen receptor gene as the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Kalinchenko ◽  
Anna A. Kolodkina ◽  
Vasiliy M. Petrov ◽  
Evgeniy V. Vasiliev ◽  
Anatoly N. Tiulpakov
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Somatic Mosaicism ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by either complete or partial insensitivity of target tissues to androgens. This disease is caused by mutations in the AR gene located on the Х chromosome. Currently, there are no distinct clinical, biochemical, or hormonal markers that would allow one to differentiate androgen insensitivity syndrome from a number of other forms of 46,XY disorders of sex development. Therefore, final verification of this condition is based on the results of molecular genetic tests. Although more than 1,000 point mutations in the AR gene have been reported, somatic mutations in this gene have been described rather rarely. However, this very type of mutations makes the course of this disease difficult to predict, since various cells in the human body contain both normal and mutant receptors. Somatic mosaicism can cause spontaneous masculization during puberty in individuals born with a completely normal female phenotype. In this case report, we describe the phenotypic and molecular genetic characteristics of eight patients with various forms of androgen insensitivity syndrome caused by somatic mutations in the AR gene.

scholarly journals Cupapé (Cordia dodecandra DC., Boraginaceae) a fruit tree in the process of domestication in Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽  
Maria T. Lwón ◽  
Victor M. Albores
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Selection Of

The fruit tree. <em>Cordia dodecandra</em> DC.. which is partly domesticated in the region of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas (Mexico) is described from the horticultural and biological point of view. The fruit is up to 5 cm in diameter and its flesh contains 14-25%; of total lipids, 6-14%; of total protein and 5-15% of total sugars in dry mass. The fresh fruit does not have a very good flavor but cooked with sugar is very tasty. The plant shows marked variability which can be taken into consideration in the selection of better forms for vegetative propagation and breeding.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pollens of Five Different Male-palm Trees on the Physical Characteristics of Jiroft Mazafati Date C.V.

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 887A-887
Author(s):  
A. Talaie ◽  
B. Panahi
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Selection Of

The type of pollens of the date palm trees could affect on the outward and physical characteristics of date fruits, so far to determine its qualitative and quantitative aspects (15). Therefore careful selection of proper pollen for pollination of the date palms is considered of high importance. This research work was conducted to select the best pollinizers and to study the effects of pollens of five varieties of male trees, from Shahdad area, on the outward and physical characteristics of `Jiroft Mazafati'. For analyzing the results of this experiment, a completely randomized block statistical project was implemented for a period of 2 years from 1991 to 1993. The site of this experiment was in Jiroft area in Kerman Province. In this experiment, after pollination samples of fruit were collected during unripe (Kharak), ripe, and dry fruit stages and required information were recorded. Fruit length and diameter, seed length and diameter, weight of fruit, weight of seed, pulp weight, ration of fruit pulp to seed, ratio of fruit length to diameter, volume of fruit, weight of one full cluster of fruits, and finally the time of ripening were measured. Statistical calculations, analysis of compound variations and evaluation of treatments by Duncan's test indicate that different treatments of pollens will have no effect from statistical point of view on the ratio of fruit pulp to seed and the ratio of fruit length to diameter, and there are no significant differences. But there are significant effects on the other outward and physical characteristics of the fruit, and the differences from statistical point of view are considerable. The type of pollens are effective on the ripening time of the fruit and this difference ranges from 15 to 25 days for different treatments, which is important from early ripening point of view of the product.

Clone selection of in vitro horseradish hairy root cultures

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bertóti ◽  
Á Alberti ◽  
A Böszörményi ◽  
R Könye ◽  
T Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Integrated FAHP-VIKOR model for green supplier selection in a Nickle coating SME

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Sanatan Ratna ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coating Industry ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Selection Of

In the past few decades, there has been lot of focus on the issue of sustainability. This has occurred due to the growing concerns related to climate change and the growing awareness about environmental concerns. Also, the competition at global level has led to the search for the most sustainable route in the industries. The current research work deals with the selection of green supplier in a Nickle coating industry based on certain weighted green attributes. For this purpose, a hybrid tool comprising of Fuzzy AHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) is used. The Fuzzy AHP is used for assigning proper weights to the selected criteria for supplier evaluation, while VIKOR is used for final supplier selection based on the weighted criteria. The three criterions for green supplier selection are, Ecological packaging, Corporate socio-environmental responsibility and Staff Training. The outcome of the integrated model may serve as a steppingstone to other SMEs in different sectors for selecting the most suitable supplier for addressing the sustainability issue.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Clinical application of polymorphic variants of the genes ESR1 and CYP2D6*4 in patients with breast and endometrial cancer

2017 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
O.V. Paliychuk ◽  
◽  
L.Z. Polishchuk ◽  
Z.I. Rossokha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Genetic Examination ◽  
The Impact

The objective: determining gene polymorphism features ERS1, CYP2D6 in patients with breast cancer (RHZ) and endometrial cancer (EC) and the impact assessment studied genetic characteristics compared to receptor status (immunohistochemical determination of expression levels of ER, PR) tumors and the results of the treatment. Patients and methods. article presents the results of complex clinical, morphological, clinical-genealogical, and molecular-genetic examination of 28 females: 19 patients with breast cancer (BC), 9 patients with endometrial cancer (EC), including 5 patients with primary-multiple tumors (PMT) with and without tumor pathology aggregation in families. Results. The It was determined that in patients’ families malignant tumors of breast, uterine body and/or ovaries prevail that corresponds to Lynch type II syndrome (family cancer syndrome). Molecular-genetic examination of genomic DNA of peripheral blood and histological sections for the presence of SNPs of ESR and CYP2D6*4 genes comparing with the results of immunohistochemical study of tumors for receptors ER and PR status have not found associations between these characteristics; although among EC patients the occurrence of genotypes 397ТТ and 351АА was significantly higher comparing with BC patients (55.55% and 10.5% for genotype 397ТТ,and 15.8% for genotype 351АА, respectively). At the same time the patients with BC and primary-multiple tumors (PMT) of female reproductive system organs (FRSO) that carried mutations in BRCA1 in all the cases demonstrated positive ER and PR receptor status and adverse combinations of polymorphous variants of the genes ESR1 (397СС, 397ТС) and CYP2D6*4 (1846G, 1846GA), suggesting combined effect of these factors on the development of malignant neoplasias of FRSO in families with positive family cancer history. In BC patients, receiving standard hormone therapy with tamoxifen, those, who had genotype 1846GG of the gene CYP2D6*4, in 3 patients (15.8%) of 19 (100%) patients disease recurrence was diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results allow clinical use of the assessment of polymorphism frequency of the genes ESR1 and CYP2D6*4 for selection of individual hormone therapy regimens schemes for BC patients, to increase efficacy of dispensary observation after finishing of special therapy for such patients, and also personalization of complex and combined treatment regimens. Key words: breast cancer, endometrial cancer, family cancer syndrome, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes ESR1, CYP2D6*4.

Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L A Bagdasaryan ◽  
I E Korneyeva
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

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