X-ray microanalysis of mixed saliva with fluorosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
A.A. Musiev ◽  
A.G. Volkov ◽  
N.Zh. Dikopova ◽  
N.V. Makarenko ◽  
T.V. Budina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mixed Saliva

The aim of this research was to study patients with the chemical composition of mixed saliva in fluorosis using X-ray microanalysis both living in the endemic center of fluorosis and leaving it. The research involved 64 patients with dental fluorosis, all male, age — 20—35 years. To accomplish the purpose of the study, two groups were formed from them: the first group included 33 people with dental fluorosis of dashed and spotted forms, living in an endemic center of fluorosis (Krasnogorsk district, Moscow region). The second group included 31 people with dental fluorosis who left the endemic focus and live in areas with normal fluoride content in water. Results. According to the content in the mixed saliva of a number of chemical elements, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the studied groups. These elements include: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, and calcium. However, the content of other chemical elements in the oral fluid was observed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between patients with fluorosis living in the focus of endemic lesion and patients who migrated beyond it. Thus, in the first group, in the studied saliva, the fluorine content was 42% higher than in the second. Also in this group, compared with the second, the phosphorus content was higher 18%, chlorine and potassium 27%. The content of sodium in the first group was 27% lower than in the second.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DENTINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INTACT TEETH AND TEETH WITH WEDGE-SHAPED DEFECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1875
Author(s):  
Svitlana P. Yarova ◽  
Iryna I. Zabolotna ◽  
Olena S. Genzytska ◽  
Andrii A. Komlev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Cervical Area ◽  
Focused Beam

The aim: Is to define dentine chemical composition of intact teeth and those with wedge-shaped defects followed by the analysis of revealed differences. Materials and methods: Longitudinal sections of 22 clinically removed teeth (12 – clinically intact ones, 10 – with wedge-shaped defects) from both jaws were studied in patients aged between 25-54 years. JSM-6490 LV focused beam electron microscope (scanning) with system of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis INCA Penta FETх3 was used. The chemical composition of 148 dentine areas in the incisal region (tubercle), equator, cervical area has been determined as a percentage of the weight amounts of carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, zinc, potassium, aluminum. Results: Dentine chemical composition of teeth with wedge-shaped defects differed from those of intact teeth by significantly lower content: sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the incisal region (tubercle); sodium, magnesium − at the equator; sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). In the sample groups with cervical pathology there was more sulfur and oxygen in the incisal region (tubercle), phosphorus and zinc – at the equator, carbon and potassium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Differences in the chemical composition of intact teeth and teeth with wedge-shaped defects, the presence of correlation between the studied chemical elements confirm the role of macro- and microelements in the pathogenesis of non-carious cervical lesions.

X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Bertrum Sheid
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Ashing

Abstract X-ray spectroscopy was applied to the determination of the total phosphorus content of serum and the iron content of whole blood (hemoglobin). Samples were placed on confined spots on paper, dried, then passed through the X-ray field. Concentration was then determined from the peaks as drawn on a recorder. A device is described that permits automatic assay of successive samples dried on paper without delays between readings. Samples are placed in the field and rapidly withdrawn at 30-sec. intervals, the response of the recorder serving as a measure of concentration. Results for total phosphorus in serum and total iron in whole blood were compared with those obtained by a wet ashing procedure. No significant difference with respect to both mean values and precision was observed except that total iron by the wet ashing procedure was more precise. However, the X-ray technic was adequate for clinical purposes. Hemoglobin levels calculated from whole-blood iron values demonstrated that bilirubin, red cell debris, leukocytes, and lipids interfered in the colorimetric but not in the X-ray procedure. A hemoglobinometer based on the X-ray spectroscopic technic may, therefore, yield results of greater clinical significance.

scholarly journals Effect Of Age And Wholesale Cuts On The Quality Of Indigenous Sheep Carcass

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
MA Hamid ◽  
S Akhter ◽  
SME Rahman ◽  
M Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Bacteria

The study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value and microbial status of different wholesale cuts of sheep carcass. The meat sample was obtained from 3 sheep. The ages of sheep were approximately of 1, 2 and 3 years. The wholesale cuts were shoulder, rack, loin and leg of each sheep carcass. The pH, juiciness, chemical composition, total bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and mould were studied to assess the quality of meat. The range of pH value were 5.077 - 5.927. The value of juiciness was decreased with the age. The value of dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus content of all samples were ranged from 23.32-30.40%, 0.88-1.027%, 20.50-24.88%, 8.10-12.13%, 0.012-0.038% and 0.048-0.185% respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the value of pH, juiciness, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium, phosphorus and yeast (log value) was highly significant (P< 0.01) due to age and cut. Chemical composition, such as dry matter, ash, ether extract and calcium of all the samples increased gradually with the age, except crude protein, which decreased gradually with the age. The phosphorus content of the sample did not differ significantly due to age and cuts. The value of ash content was less significant (P<0.05) due to different cuts but highly significant (P<0.01) due to age. The range of total bacteria and coliform bacteria was 4.210-4.787 and 2.38-3.637/g of sample respectively. The range of yeast was 1.297-2.777/g of sample. Different meat cuts and ages did not show significant difference on total bacteria and coliform bacteria but in case of yeast, the value was highly significant (P<0.01) for the ages and cuts. Nutrient content of mutton varies due to different wholesale cuts as well as age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9865 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 32-38

Distribution, composition, and source of the White River Ash, Yukon Territory

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Lerbekmo ◽  
F. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
X Ray ◽  
White River ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Source ◽  
Distribution Composition

The White River Ash is a bi-lobate 1500 year old deposit occupying at least 6 cubic miles and covering some 125 000 square miles of southern Yukon and eastern Alaska. Sixty-six samples were collected at 5-mile intervals, principally along two traverses 120 miles apart across the main lobe, and subjected to X-ray fluorescence and petrographic analysis.The ash is a rhyodacite composed of glass (n = 1.502), andesine, hornblende, hypersthene, and magnetite. The average chemical composition is SiO2 = 67.4, Al2O3 = 15.1, TiO2 = 0.5, MgO = 2.0, FeO = 2.0, Fe2O3 = 2.2, Na2O = 4.1, K2O = 2.5 and CaO = 4.1, but there is a significant difference between the two traverses owing to the increase in glass relative to crystal components downwind.A synthesis of the distribution of the ash permitted the drawing of a 5 by 12 miles 'target' source rectangle in the St. Elias Range between Mts. Natazhat and Bona in Alaska. Aerial photographs revealed a suspect mound 0.4 miles in diameter beside the Klutlan Glacier. Access by helicopter showed the mound to be a flat cone of large White River pumice fragments. It is believed that the vent lies beneath the glacier next to the cone.

Multi-Component Coatings Formation on Polycathode Magnetron Sputtering Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
V.V. Kolesnik ◽  
Yu.K. Rubanov ◽  
Yu.E. Tokach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Surface Microrelief ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Formation

The results of experiments aimed at obtaining multi-component coatings, having a wider range of properties compared to single-component coatings, are provided. The process of formation of coating based on multi-component alloy Co (18...20%)-Cr (5...7%)-Al (0.3...0.4%)-Y(0.2...0.5) was studied. The chemical composition and thickness of the coating as well as the state of the transition layer were also studied. The results of electron probing and X-ray fluorescence microanalysis of obtained coatings are provided. This paper also demonstrates that the properties of surface microrelief are determined by the conditions of coating formation; that each sample of coating has similar sets of chemical elements, that their concentration depends on the precipitation conditions, chemical elements are equally distributed along the thickness of samples, and the diffusion zone of coating materials and substrate is almost non-existent. The low content of substrate material was found in obtained coatings. As the coating thickness increased, the content of substrate material decreased sharply.

Research of physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition and safety of melon variety «torpedo»

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Ауелбек Изтаев ◽  
Галия Куандыковна Искакова ◽  
Мадина Асатуллаевна Якияева ◽  
Бауыржан Ауелбекович Изтаев ◽  
Зайра Сатаевна Уйкасова
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
High Phosphorus Content

Представлены результаты исследований физико-механических свойств, химического состава и показателей безопасности составных частей (мякоть, кожура, семена) дыни сорта «Торпеда». В результате сопоставительного анализа химического состава мякоти, кожуры и семян дыни показано их существенное различие. Так, содержание жира в мякоти составляет 0,26±0,003 г, в кожуре - 1,24±0,01 г, в семенах - 26,21±0,31, содержание белка составляет 7,56±0,11; 9,92±0,14 и 21,52±0,32 г соответственно. Изучение содержания редуцирующих веществ и сырой клетчатки показало их высокое содержание в кожуре по сравнению с мякотью и семенами. Установлено, что высокое содержание калия (934,88±14,02 г) и натрия (270,54±3,78 г) сосредоточены в мякоти, высокое содержание железа (15,12±0,23) - в кожуре, а высокое содержание фосфора (854,72±0,82 г) - в семенах. По результатам исследований доказано, что показатели безопасности дыни сорта «Торпеда» полностью соответствуют требованиям ТР ТС 021/2011. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition and safety indicators of the constituent parts (pulp, peel, seeds) of «Torpedo» melon are presented. As a result of a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the pulp, peel and seeds of the melon, their significant difference was shown. Thus, the fat content in the pulp is 0.26±0.003 g, in the peel - 1.24±0.01 g, in the seeds - 26.21±0.31, the protein content is, respectively, 7.56±0.11; 9.92±0.14 and 21.52±0.32 g. The study of the content of reducing substances and crude fiber showed their high content in the peel, in comparison with the pulp and seeds. It was found that a high content of potassium (934.88±14.02 g) and sodium (270.54±3.78 g) are concentrated in the pulp, a high content of iron (15.12±0.23) - in the peel, and a high phosphorus content (854.72±0.82 g) - in seeds. According to the research results, it has been proven that the safety indicators of the Torpedo melon fully comply with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011.

Surface Roughness on the Slots and Wings of Various Ceramic Self-Ligating Brackets and their Potential Concern on Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Ki-Ho Park ◽  
Se Jik Han ◽  
Samjin Choi ◽  
Kyung Sook Kim ◽  
Steven Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Materials

Objective: The surface roughness of various orthodontic materials could affect biofilm formation and friction. The purpose of this study was to examine the surface roughness and chemical composition of the slots and wings of several ceramic self-ligating brackets. Study design: Four types of ceramic self-ligating brackets were separated into experimental groups (DC, EC, IC, and QK) while a metal self-ligating bracket (EM) was used as the control group. Atomic force microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope were used to examine the surface roughness and chemical composition of each bracket slot and wing. Results: The control group was made of ferrum and chrome while all the experimental groups were comprised of aluminum and oxide. There was a statistically significant difference in the roughness average (Sa) among the various self-ligating brackets (p&lt; 0.001 in slots and p&lt;0.01 in the wing). The slots in the EC group had the lowest Sa, followed by the DC, IC, control, and QK groups. The wings in the IC group had the lowest Sa, followed by the EC, DC, control, and QK groups. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the surface roughness of the slots and wings among several types of ceramic self-ligating brackets.

scholarly journals Characterisation of copper alloy antique ornamental accessories found in Northern Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olta Çakaj ◽  
Edlira Duka ◽  
Zamir Tafilica ◽  
Frederik Stamati ◽  
Nikolla Civici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Metallic Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Alloys ◽  
Polarised Light

This study was performed to determine the chemical elements used to produce ancient metallic alloys and to understand the manufacture technique of three archaeological founds. It also presents an evaluation method of the objects’ authenticity based on the observation of the corrosion products. This article also includes three ornamental accessories ca. VII-IV century BC found in the vicinity of Shkodra (Albania). A necklace, a belt application and a button are examined using X ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition and optical microscopy (OM) with reflected and polarised light in order to study the microstructure and the corrosion products. From the XRF results all the objects are bronze, copper-tin and copper-tin-lead alloys. After the OM analysis they are authentic objects (not fake replicas) and might have been produced after a casting process in moulds.

scholarly journals Research of the Chemical Composition of Industrial Waste of the Kadamzhay Antimony Combine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
N. Erkinbaeva ◽  
Y. Tashpolotov ◽  
E. Ysmanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
New Products ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Methods ◽  
Titanium Vanadium

This article investigates the chemical composition of industrial waste (dump slag and flotation tailings). This study, in contrast to previous studies, was carried out by chemical, atomic emission, X-ray fluorescence methods. Valuable rare earth chemical elements (ytterbium, yttrium, lanthanum, scandium), valuable chemical elements (antimony, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, niobium, indium, germanium, gallium, tantalum, molybdenum, strontium, beryllium, zirconium, cobalt) and others have been determined. The oxides of elements (SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, S, FeO) have been investigated. Toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, tin, lead). These studies were carried out with the aim of using man-made waste in various sectors of the national economy for the disposal of man-made waste and to improve the environmental situation in the region and reduce material costs for the production of new products.

scholarly journals Physicochemical investigation of shrimp fossils from the Romualdo and Ipubi formations (Araripe Basin)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Alcântara Barros ◽  
João Hermínio Silva ◽  
Gilberto Dantas Saraiva ◽  
Bartolomeu Cruz Viana ◽  
Alexandre Rocha Paschoal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Physicochemical Investigation ◽  
Dominant Phase

The Ipubi and Romualdo Formations are Cretaceous units of the Araripe Basin (Santana Group). The first and most ancient was deposited in a lake environment, and some fossils were preserved in shales deposited under blackish conditions. The second was deposited in a marine environment, preserving a rich paleontological content in calcareous concretions. Considering that these two environments preserved their fossils under different processes, in this work we investigated the chemical composition of two fossilized specimens, one from each of the studied stratigraphic units, and compared them using vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and IR), X-ray diffraction and large-field energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings. Calcite was observed as the dominant phase and carbon was observed in the fossils as a byproduct of the decomposition. The preservation of hydroxide calcium phosphate (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, hydroxyapatite) was observed in both fossils. In addition, it was observed that there was a smaller amount of pyrite (pyritization) in the Romualdo Formation sample than in the Ipubi one. Large-field EDS measurements showed the major presence of the chemical elements calcium, oxygen, iron, aluminum and fluoride in the Ipubi fossil, indicating a greater influence of inorganic processes in its fossilization. Our results also suggest that the Romualdo Formation fossilization process involved the substitution of the hydroxyl group by fluorine, providing durability to the fossils.

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