Local landscaping development assessment in Nur-Sultan based on 3d models constructed with the application of unmanned aircraft

The article describes the assessment of the areas and spatial distribution of adjoining green spaces as one of the most vulnerable and low studied kind of green spaces in cities. Usually gardening near the residential houses is not legally regulated is being destroyed during the implementation of urban renovation projects. The characteristics of adjoining green spaces were assessed for the city of Nur-Sultan, where, on the one hand, natural properties make green spaces vulnerable, and on the other hand, the acquisition of capital functions increases the value for the urban environment. A large-scale assessment, carried out using unmanned aerial vehicles, has demonstrated its high efficiency in assessing the vertical and horizontal structure of adjacent green spaces and other elements of the city. As a result of aerial imagery sessions for representative key points, a series of orthophotomaps with the horizontal resolution of 3–4 cm and digital terrain models with a horizontal resolution of 3 cm and a vertical resolution of about 4 cm were obtained. These products provided possibility to identify 12 historically established morphotypes of urban buildings, characterized by different levels and types of adjacent landscaping. Using a three-dimensional model of green cover, the average size of the biomass and the density of biomass per 1 m2 of the area in the selected morphotypes of the building were calculated. Territorial differences of adjoining green spaces in the different morphotypes depend on the period of construction, distance from the river, types of the building and urban planning standards typical for the period of the morphotype forming. Losses of the adjoining green spaces during the implementation of the renovation program according to the modern General Plan, excluding restoration, for the city of Nur-Sultan, will be mor than 11.5 % (+/-3.5 %) of the city’s tree cover.

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The Method of Cluster Drilling in the Western Ural as the Beginning of the Technical and Economic Revolution in the World Drilling

TECHNOLOGOS ◽

10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.3.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

Neroslov Alexey

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Drilling Process ◽

Directional Drilling ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The World ◽

The City

In 1943, at the height of the Great Patriotic War, the new revolutionary drilling technique with high efficiency was used in Krasnokamsk oilfield of Molotov (Perm) Oblast for the first time in the world – the cluster turbodrilling method. The development of oil industry in Prikamye in the 1940s was associated with certain complications. The main deposits of the Krasnokasmk oilfield discovered before the war turned out to be located due to a number of reasons within the area of industrial and residential construction of the city of Krasnokamsk and under the Kama river and the Paltinskoye swamp close to the city. Conventional drilling methods could not be used for their development. The way out was to use the method of directional drilling that was little known at that moment. The development of the innovative technology in Krasnokamsk oilfield in 1942 was largely due to the involvement of the specialists of the Experimental Turbodrilling Bureau evacuated from Baku. Directional drilling which involved the deviation of the bottom hole (the ultimate lowest point of the well) from the wellhead (the initial uppermost location) by several hundred metres opened up broad opportunities for developing hard-to-recover oil deposits while significantly accelerating and ensuring cost savings of the drilling process. The directional drilling served as the basis for the development in Prikamye of an advanced technology of cluster drilling when several directional wells with different azimuths were drilled from a small well pad. In 1943–1944, cluster drilling was tested and successfully used in Krasnokamsk oilfield. The cluster drilling comprised an entire range of innovative solutions including the movement of assembled drilling rigs without dismantling power equipment. Also, it resulted in the reduction of total labour costs, scope of construction and assembly works, costs of building oilfield roads, power lines and pipelines, and transportation costs. People’s Commissariat of Oil Industry of the USSR initiated a large-scale rollout of the advanced method of cluster drilling in the largest oil-producing regions of the Soviet Union – Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus, and the area of the “second Baku” – Bashkiria, Tatary, and Kuybyshev oblast. The transition to the advanced and cost-saving technology of cluster drilling laid the foundation for the technical and economic revolution of the world drilling practices.

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Development of a high-efficiency and long-life 500W class H-Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) system using skin-spar-foam sandwich composite structure

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2012-0110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 383-394

Author(s):

Changduk Kong ◽

Haseung Lee

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Test Results ◽

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽

Structural Test ◽

The City

AbstractSince the focus on the energy crisis and environmental issues due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, wind power has been considered as an important renewable energy source. Recently, several megawatt-class large-scale wind turbine systems have been developed in some countries. Even though the large-scale wind turbine can effectively produce electrical power, the small-scale wind turbine has been continuously developed due to some advantages; for instance, it can be easily built at a low cost without any limitation of location, i.e., even in the city. In case of small-scale wind turbines, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in the city despite having a lower efficiency than the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, most small-scale wind turbine systems have been designed at the rated wind speed of around 12 m/s. This aim of this work is to design a high-efficiency 500W class composite VAWT blade that is applicable to relatively low-speed regions. With regard to the aerodynamic design of the blade, parametric studies are carried out to decide an optimal aerodynamic configuration. The aerodynamic efficiency and performance of the designed VAWT is confirmed by computational fluid dynamics analysis. The structural design is performed by the load case study, initial sizing using the netting rule and the rule of mixture, structural analysis using finite element method (FEM), fatigue life estimation and structural test. The prototype blade is manufactured by hand lay-up and the matched die molding. The experimental structural test results are compared with the FEM analysis results. Finally, to evaluate the prototype VAWT including designed blades, the performance test is performed using a truck to simulate various ranges of wind speeds and some measuring equipment. According to the performance evaluation result, the estimated performance agrees well with the experimental test results in all operating ranges.

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Indicators for the Planning and Management of Urban Green Spaces: A Focus on Public Areas in Padua, Italy

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11247071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 7071 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas Campagnaro ◽

Tommaso Sitzia ◽

Vito Emanuele Cambria ◽

Paolo Semenzato

Keyword(s):

Economic Benefits ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Tree Cover ◽

City Center ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Public Areas ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

The City

Green spaces and trees are fundamental for the sustainability of cities. The use of management and planning indicators for green spaces, including urban forests, have been proposed, but are rarely applied and their potential to provide ecological, social, and economic benefits is usually overlooked by policy makers and managers. Here, we apply a set of indicators describing green spaces and their variability in different urban units within the Basso Isonzo, an area of the city of Padua (northern Italy). Eleven indicators were selected based on their capacity to consider availability, accessibility and the preservation or increase of urban green spaces and tree cover. The value of indicators was standardized and enabled to have five classes indicating increasing performance. The study indicates green spaces’ heterogeneous conditions. Interestingly, the indicators commonly change moving from the city center to the outskirts. Monitoring through these indicators will enable understanding whether specific management and planning targets are met and, in the absence of these targets, identifying main trends over time. The proposed approach and indicators applied are simple to collect, analyze, and convey information. The indicators are related to relevant social, economic and ecological conditions pertaining to green spaces. The proposed indicators can therefore be used as a simple tool to guide decision-making with the aim of enhancing green spaces.

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Analysis of Cooling and Humidification Effects of Different Coverage Types in Small Green Spaces (SGS) in the Context of Urban Homogenization: A Case of HAU Campus Green Spaces in Summer in Zhengzhou, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11080862 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 862

Author(s):

Huawei Li ◽

Handong Meng ◽

Ruizhen He ◽

Yakai Lei ◽

Yuchen Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Green Space ◽

Impervious Surface ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Cooling Effect ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Area Index ◽

Urban Green Spaces

In the context of global warming, more and more cities are experiencing extreme Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects and extreme weather phenomena, but urban green spaces are proven to mitigate UHI. Most of UHI’s research focuses on the large scale and uses remote sensing methods, which do not reflect the dynamic characteristics in detail and do not detect internal influencing factors of the green space cooling effect. Therefore, this study focused on Small Green Spaces (SGS), carrying out the measurement of the meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, photosynthetic radiation) of the 16 sites in four types of coverage (Impervious surface; Shrub-grass; Tree-grass; Tree-shrub-grass) in a university campus. At the same time, the coverage characteristic parameters, such as Canopy Density (CD), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Mean Leaf Angle (MLA), of each plot were analyzed and compared. The results showed that there were significant differences in temperature among different coverage types in SGS. The biggest difference was concentrated in the noon period when solar radiation is strongest during the day. The difference between the four types of coverage with vegetation at night was small. The maximum air temperature difference among the four types could reach 8.9 ℃ and the maximum relative humidity difference was 28.5%. The cooling effect of the multi-layer vegetation-covered (Tree-shrub-grass) area was the largest compared to the impervious surface, indicating that tree cover was the core factor affecting the temperature. Temperature and relative humidity had a close correlation with surface coverage types and some plant community characteristics (such as CD and LAI). The cooling and humidifying effects of plants were also related to PAR and leaf angle. The results provide suggestions for green space management and landscape design.

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RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING URBAN GREEN SPACES IN DONBASS CITIES TO RECREATE THE RESOURCE STATE OF THE MINING REGION

10.31713/m1029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valerii Sokolenko ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Urban Development ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Human Potential ◽

Resource Base ◽

General Plan ◽

The City ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Ukrainian Donbass has crossed the peak of extensive growth. Today this industrialized urbanized region has faced with a complex of problems. Sustainable urban development cannot be based only on the exploitation of natural raw materials. The task is to build a balanced model for the development of an industrial region, when the criteria for success are the quality of the environment, urban development, human potential. The exploitation of the resource base must be compensated for by the preservation of the environment. The natural landscapes of Donbass have been partially destroyed, partially changed by economic and industrial activities. There is a need to reproduce adapted green landscapes of cities in order to improve the ecological situation and restore the landscape and recreational potential of the territories. Alchevsk is in many ways the median city of Donbass. The subject of the study has chosen the green spaces of the city of general use, limited and special purpose for a period of more than 25 years, that is, the duration of the General Plan. The goal of research is to determine the species composition of green spaces typical for the cities of the Luhansk region and the establishment of a group of plants that are maximally adapted to independent growth in the urban landscape. The geographical, climatic and orographic characteristics of the city are considered, the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative state of the city's green spaces is carried out. The sample also covers areas of disturbed territories of waste heaps, industrial zones, landfills. Analyzed the retrospective and prospective urban planning policy in the development of green spaces, and the overall results. The actual species composition of trees and shrubs growing in the city areas has been determined. There are 44 species of trees and 20 species of shrubs registered in the city. It is desirable to spread the species composition of trees and shrubs that are used for landscaping at the expense of species that feel good in the city. The results of the study can be taken into account in the development of measures for the greening of urban areas and the restoration of ecologically disturbed urban areas of industrial cities of the Luhansk region.

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Concerning the Concept of Light-Colour Arrangement of the Urban Environment in the Central Part of Tyumen

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2019-033 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Nikolay I. Shchepetkov ◽

Svetlana B. Kapeleva ◽

Denis V. Bugaev ◽

Gregory S. Matovnikov ◽

Anna S. Kostareva

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Assessment Criteria ◽

Field Observations ◽

General Plan ◽

Design Solutions ◽

Methodological Principles ◽

The City

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of outdoor lighting in the central part of Tyumen (with consideration of conducted field observations) and prospects of its development on the basis of the general plan of illumination of the central part of the city being under design. Main provisions of this general plan as well as methodological principles and assessment criteria of design solutions illustrat-ed by photographs, schemes and visualisations of the illuminated objects are described.

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The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

10.26434/chemrxiv.6231140.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias May ◽

Kira Rehfeld

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

High Temperature ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Solar Fuels ◽

Negative Emissions ◽

Viable Approach ◽

Low Sensitivity

Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut to limit global warming to 1.5-2C above preindustrial levels. Yet the rate of decarbonisation is currently too low to achieve this. Policy-relevant scenarios therefore rely on the permanent removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, none of the envisaged technologies has demonstrated scalability to the decarbonization targets for the year 2050. In this analysis, we show that artificial photosynthesis for CO2 reduction may deliver an efficient large-scale carbon sink. This technology is mainly developed towards solar fuels and its potential for negative emissions has been largely overlooked. With high efficiency and low sensitivity to high temperature and illumination conditions, it could, if developed towards a mature technology, present a viable approach to fill the gap in the negative emissions budget.

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The Potential of Photoelectrochemical Carbon Sinks

10.26434/chemrxiv.6231140 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias May ◽

Kira Rehfeld

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

High Temperature ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Solar Fuels ◽

Negative Emissions ◽

Viable Approach ◽

Low Sensitivity

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Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture

POMICULTURE & SMALL FRUITS CULTURE IN RUSSIA ◽

10.31676/2073-4948-2020-60-159-168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

V. V. Antonenko ◽

A. V. Zubkov ◽

S. N. Kruchina

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Planting Material ◽

Relative Safety ◽

Pome Fruits ◽

Weed Plants ◽

Spread Of Infection

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.

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CONCEPT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF «ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS», VORONEZH)

НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ◽

10.36622/vstu.2020.60.4.010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 97-109

Author(s):

С. Л. Подвальный ◽

О. А. Сотникова ◽

Я. А. Золотухина

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Public Space ◽

Large Scale ◽

Economic Value ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Territory Design ◽

Definition Of ◽

The City ◽

Modern Technologies ◽

Intensive Growth

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов. Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.

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