Workplace Interventions Aimed to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
FG Garipova ◽  
AR Khabibullina ◽  
EA Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Workplace Interventions

Introduction: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the workplace can have a considerable effect on reducing human and labor losses. Objective: To summarize and to systematize the results of academic studies on workplace interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of academic studies published in English and Russian and uploaded to PubMed и Web of Science. We selected 41 studies containing empirical assessments of the effectiveness of both short-term and long-term prevention programmes in the workplace and grouped them by intervention types. Results: Education programmes have controversial signs of a cardiovascular risk preventive effect associated with blood and weight parameters. Comprehensive programmes aimed to form a healthy lifestyle show similar results, whereas the programmes aimed to increase physical activity of employees proved their effectiveness in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases through normalizing the body weight, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels; yet, these results had only a short-term effect. Ergonomics-related interventions and shift rotation failed to demonstrate strong evidence of the potential to lower the risk of heart diseases. Conclusion: Understanding the effectiveness of prevention programs will help employers and governments to identify necessary interventions to reduce losses related to cardiovascular diseases and to make the right health and social protection decisions.

scholarly journals Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Maroofi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

scholarly journals Exercise therapy improves eGFR, and reduces blood pressure and BMI in non-dialysis CKD patients: evidence from a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Lianlian Xiong ◽  
Yanfang Luo ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, which often lead to physical inactivity that correlates with CKD exacerbation. The benefits of regular exercise to cardiovascular health have been well established in healthy population and highly suggestive in patients with CKD. To further strengthen the evidence base for the management of CKD, this meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the effects of exercise therapy on renal function, blood pressure, blood lipid and body mass index (BMI) in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted following a previous protocol. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of exercise therapy in non-dialysis CKD patients were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and three major Chinese biomedical databases (CNKI, WANGFANG and VIP) from their start date to October 30th, 2018. The Cochrane systematic review methods were applied for quality assessment and data extraction, and Revman version 5.3 was used for systematic review and meta-analysis. Results 13 RCTs, representing 421 patients with non-dialysis CKD, were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to the controls, exercise therapy brought an increase in eGFR (MD = 2.62, 95% CI:0.42 to 4.82, P = 0.02, I2 = 22%), and decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD = -5.61, 95% CI:-8.99 to − 2.23, P = 0.001, I2 = 44%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD = -2.87, 95% CI:-3.65 to − 2.08, P < 0.00001, I2 = 16%) and BMI (MD = -1.32, 95% CI:-2.39 to − 0.25, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%) in non-dialysis CKD patients. Exercise therapy of short-term (< 3 months) decreased triglyceride (TG) level (P = 0.0006). However, exercise therapy did not significantly affect serum creatinine (SCr), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) or low density lipoprotein (LDL) in non-dialysis CKD patients. Conclusion Exercise therapy could benefit non-dialysis CKD patients by increasing eGFR while reducing SBP, DBP and BMI. Additionally, short-term intervention of exercise could decrease TG.

scholarly journals Possibilities of telemedical monitoring risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases: experience of using a patient-oriented model of remote rehabilitation care

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kotelnikova ◽  
Valery N. Senchikhin ◽  
Tatyana P. Lipchanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Remote Assistance

Introduction. The modern system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the creation of conditions for the formation and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle (coolant) includes activities in the development of monitoring systems for information on risk factors. Purpose: to assess the capabilities of telemedicine monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in the structure of a patient-oriented model of distance rehabilitation care. Material and methods. The study included patients with coronary heart disease and/or arterial hypertension of the I-III degree, without cognitive dysfunction and contraindications to physical rehabilitation, with a mobile device with Internet access. The following groups were distinguished: remote cardiac rehabilitation, with the participation of patients in a 12-month program (28 patients, 86% of men, average age 55.2 ± 10.7 years), and traditional follow-up (30 patients, 80% of men, average age 64.7 ± 6.9 years). Remote cardiac rehabilitation model provided for office consulting using a decision support system, monitoring indicators based on digital recording devices, mobile applications and the electronic «Patient Diary» deferred telemedicine counselling. The effectiveness of the observation was evaluated by the trend of the modified risk factors; patient satisfaction with remote assistance - according to the «Client Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ-8» questionnaire. Results. After completion of the remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) program, a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were observed, and a tendency to increase physical activity. Upon completion of the RCR-program, a high level of satisfaction with telemedicine assistance was noted. Conclusion. The results of the pilot phase of the study, dedicated to the study of the possibilities of remote rehabilitation in the context of maximizing the benefits for cardiovascular prophylaxis, indicate the possibility of using a patient-oriented model of remote cardiac rehabilitation to monitor and modify risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The importance of dietary balance at COVID-19: the systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairim Ira Silva Brugnoli ◽  
Diogo Augusto de Almeida Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: COVID-19 disease has been heralded as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Dietary therapy and immunity play a decisive role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, the lack of regulation and the excessive immune response to the viral stimulus produces an exacerbated pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), reaching the state of hyperinflammation. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the main considerations in the management of dietary therapy in the control or prophylaxis of COVID-19. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results: A total of 370 articles were found involving dietary therapy, immunity, and COVID-19. A total of 107 articles were evaluated in full, and 28 were included and discussed in this study. Underlying systemic inflammation is believed to exacerbate COVID-19 infection. Studies have shown that there is a high risk of mortality in individuals with pre-existing health problems, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Nutritional status is known to play a significant role in patient outcomes. It is necessary to follow a diet characterized by anti-inflammatory properties to benefit or prevent COVID-19. Adequate supplies of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D are essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. There are nutritional triggers to favor immune-strengthening responses, as well as improving the performance of mitosis, meiosis, and all cellular functioning, all of this functioning is directly integrated with the energy balance and nutritional status of the body. Endogenous metabolites and nutrients in the diet can directly influence epigenetic enzymes. Conclusion: It is necessary to control the activities of inflammatory mediators through modifiable risk factors, such as diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices to control or prevent the harmful effects of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Diversity, Waist to Hip Ratio and Cardiovascular Diseases Among Selected African Women (P10-079-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday NUPO ◽  
Clara Oguntona ◽  
Babatunde Oguntona ◽  
Abosede Nupo ◽  
Jokodola Akinlotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the association between the dietary diversity, waist to hip ratio and cardiovascular diseases among women African. Methods A longitudinal study was carried out among randomly selected one thousand eight hundred and ninety eight ready and willing women in Nigeria. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and physical activity pattern of the respondents. Information on dietary diversity score (DDS) was obtained using a standardized Food and Nutrition Technical Assistant (FANTA) Project Questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) were calculated from anthropometric measurements and used to classify subjects’ nutritional status. Nutrient intake was obtained using 24-hour dietary recall technique. The blood pressures of the subjects were measured using sphygmomanometer and classified using World Health Organization standard. The total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were determined from collected blood samples of selected participants. Cardiovascular Risk was determined using American Heart Diseases software Version10. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical package for social science version 21. Results The DDS for cereals and grain (1.5 ± 0.2), Seeds, nuts and legumes (0.41 ± .4), starchy, roots and tubers (1.8 ± 5 and 1.59 ± 0.5), Fruits group (0.53 ± 0.19), meat and meat products (0.36 ± 0.4), fish and sea foods (1.09 ± 0.3), Oil and dairy group (0.17 ± 0.4).The BMI showed that 19% had obesity grade I, 8% had obesity grade II while WHR indicated that 6% were overweight and 10% obese. The mean energy intake was 2068 ± 957 kcal while the protein intake was 116 ± 59 g/day. Desirable TC level (<200 mg/dl) was found in 80% of the selected subjects while the normal TG (<150 mg/dl) and LDL (<129 mg/dl) was found in 95% and 90% subjects respectively. Cardiovascular disease risk showed that (93%) of the subjects had low risk while 7% had average risk. Conclusions The study showed significant relationship (r < 0.05) between dietary diversity, waist to hip ratio, obesity as well as sedentary lifestyle and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Funding Sources TETFUND NIGERIA.

scholarly journals Associations between lifestyle interventions during pregnancy and childhood weight and growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Raab ◽  
Sophie Michel ◽  
Julia Günther ◽  
Julia Hoffmann ◽  
Lynne Stecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Childhood Weight ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Maternal health and lifestyle during pregnancy may be critical for the onset and progression of childhood obesity. Prenatal lifestyle interventions have been shown to positively affect maternal behaviors, gestational weight gain, and anthropometric outcomes in infants at birth. The influence of such interventions on child weight or growth beyond birth is unknown. We therefore examined the association between lifestyle interventions during pregnancy and anthropometric outcomes during childhood. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases, two clinical trial registers and further sources, without language or publication status restrictions. Additionally, 110 study authors were contacted to obtain unpublished data. Randomized controlled trials comparing any antenatal lifestyle or behavioral intervention to standard prenatal care, in women of any body mass index (BMI), with offspring anthropometric data at 1 month of age or older, were considered. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s updated tool. Data on weight, length, and BMI, and corresponding z-scores, were stratified into six age ranges and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in univariate and multivariate random-effects meta-analytical models. Results Twenty trials comprising 11,385 women were included in this systematic review, of which 19 were combined in meta-analyses. Overall, lifestyle interventions during pregnancy were not associated with differences in weight, length, BMI, or corresponding z-scores, in children aged 1 month to 7 years (e.g. weight in 5 to 6 month old children, WMD: 0.02 kg; 95% CI: − 0.05 to 0.10 kg, I2 = 38%; 13 studies, 6667 participants). Findings remained consistent when studies were stratified by maternal baseline BMI or other risk factors, and intervention content and duration. Based on the GRADE criteria, the strength of the body of evidence was considered moderate. Conclusion Prenatal lifestyle interventions were not shown to influence childhood weight or growth. Nevertheless, women should be encouraged to pursue a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Further efforts to establish early prevention strategies for childhood obesity are urgently needed. Thus, large, high-quality studies with pre-planned, long-term follow-ups are warranted. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42018118678.

scholarly journals Modification of High-Density Lipoprotein Functions by Diet and Other Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5897
Author(s):  
Albert Sanllorente ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Maria Trinidad Soria-Florido ◽  
Olga Castañer ◽  
Montserrat Fitó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Hdl Function

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functional traits have emerged as relevant elements that may explain HDL antiatherogenic capacity better than HDL cholesterol levels. These properties have been improved in several lifestyle intervention trials. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the results of such trials of the most commonly used dietary modifications (fatty acids, cholesterol, antioxidants, alcohol, and calorie restriction) and physical activity. Articles were screened from the Medline database until March 2021, and 118 randomized controlled trials were selected. Results from HDL functions and associated functional components were extracted, including cholesterol efflux capacity, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, HDL antioxidant capacity, HDL oxidation status, paraoxonase-1 activity, HDL anti-inflammatory and endothelial protection capacity, HDL-associated phospholipase A2, HDL-associated serum amyloid A, and HDL-alpha-1-antitrypsin. In mainly short-term clinical trials, the consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (particularly omega-3 in fish), and dietary antioxidants showed benefits to HDL functionality, especially in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. In this regard, antioxidant-rich dietary patterns were able to improve HDL function in both healthy individuals and subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, in randomized trial assays performed mainly in healthy individuals, reverse cholesterol transport with ethanol in moderate quantities enhanced HDL function. Nevertheless, the evidence summarized was of unclear quality and short-term nature and presented heterogeneity in lifestyle modifications, trial designs, and biochemical techniques for the assessment of HDL functions. Such findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. Large-scale, long-term, randomized, controlled trials in different populations and individuals with diverse pathologies are warranted.

scholarly journals Group-based healthy lifestyle workplace interventions for shift workers: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Demou ◽  
Alice MacLean ◽  
Lismy J Cheripelli ◽  
Kate Hunt ◽  
Cindy M Gray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Workplace Interventions

scholarly journals THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
S.V. Shut ◽  
Т.А. Trybrat ◽  
T.A. Ivanytska ◽  
O.O. Goncharova ◽  
L.O. Katrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Public

The cardiovascular pathology is a leading condition in the structure of clinical cases associated with overweight and obesity: more than two-thirds of cardiovascular mortality cases: annually, four million deaths worldwide are associated with a high body mass index (BMI). The awareness among the unorganized population aged from 20 to 82 years in the total number of 280 people was assessed. During the study it was found that overweight and obesity are quite common both among women (20.71 and 16.78%) and men (33.22% and 11.79%, respectively). Among the examined patients, an elevated blood pressure and various changes of the electrocardiogram were detected, of which left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 57%, which is not only a compensatory reaction, but one of the most important independent factors for the cardiovascular risk. All respondents were offered to attend the Health Promotion School providing the educational program for prevention and correction of the main risk factors for obesity and heart diseases. The principle objective of this program was a change of lifestyle with a primary focus on patients with CVD, increased e physical activity and change of the quality of the diet rather than restricting its caloric value. The second survey was conducted in 6 months and the findings are as follows: BMI was corrected among overweight and obese female patients (14.22 and 13.57%), as well as among male patients (23.21% and 7.5%, respectively), thereby reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The public awareness regarding the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is considered to be low. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, rational nutrition and educational program activities are the measures for management of overweight and obese patients resulting in reduction of the risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of short-term and long-term traffic noise exposure on the thyroid gland in adult rats: a sexual dimorphic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Ababzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh-Sadat Razavinia ◽  
Mohsen Eslami Farsani ◽  
Sorush Sharifimoghadam ◽  
Azam Moslehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The One

AbstractObjectivesTraffic noise, as one of the noise types, is a widespread feature of the urban environments. Traffic noise exposure can lead to hearing loss, hypertension, obesity and ischemic heart diseases. Thyroid hormones involved in the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Therefore, this study was designed to aim the evaluation of traffic noise effects on thyroid hormones secretion and thyroid tissue structure.MethodsSeventy two males and females wistar rats were used in this study. After one week adaptation, they divided randomly into 12 groups; the control, short term (one day) and long term (one, two, three and four weeks) groups. Traffic sound was recorded, adjusted and played (86 dB) for animals. Female rats’ cycle estrus was matched. At the end of experiment, the animals were anesthetized and cardiac blood sample was drawn. Thyroid tissue was then removed. Levels of the T3, T4, TSH, corticosterone and H&E staining were measured. p<0.05 considered to be statistically significant.ResultsFindings showed that in the one-day group, T3 levels increased and T3 levels decreased in the long term groups (p<0.05). In the same way, concentration of TSH decreased in the one day, while they increased in the one, two, three and four weeks’ groups (p<0.05). Histopathological evaluations showed that in the female and male animals, long-term traffic noise increased the full follicles and decreased empty follicles (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study revealed that traffic noise exposure led to increase of T3 plasma concentration and decrement of TSH level, although in the long term, they return to basal status. It may be due to adaptation to traffic noise.

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