scholarly journals Variation of Indicators of Newborn Physical Development as a Manifestation of Adaptive Self-Organization of Their Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
GV Chernova ◽  
VV Sidorov ◽  
LV Shiryaeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Many published data on variability of anthropometric characteristics of newborns related to the influence of adverse environmental factors during their antenatal development have been accumulated by now. The purpose of our work was to study the relationship between certain parameters of antenatal physical development of newborns and varying environmental and climatic conditions. Materials and methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken in the delivery room immediately after birth and then assessed against environmental and climatic characteristics of the antenatal period. Results: We established the relationship between the exposure to different environmental and climatic factors, including radiation, during the antenatal period and anthropometric characteristics of the examined newborns. We observed a quantitative variety of signs and found that the body mass was most “sensitive” to the impact of adverse environmental factors. At the same time, the phenogenetic analysis helped establish a significant effect of atmospheric pressure on the body mass. The effects of radiation exposure were, to a greater extent, associated with the signs of influence of both environmental (including the total and ultraviolet radiation – in 57.3 % and 67.8 % of cases, respectively) and genetic factors (in 42.7 % and 32.2 % of cases, respectively). Conclusion: The established genotype-environment effects of exposures to changing environmental and climatic conditions prove the importance of continuing longitudinal observations of the examined infants using a cytogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kazimov ◽  
R. Kh. Aliyevа ◽  
V. M. Kazimova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Identification of the relationship between the state of physical development and the peculiarity of nutrition of students of theAzerbaijanMedicalUniversity.Material and Methods. Measurement of anthropometric indicators of the students of the 2nd and 5th courses was carried out by the currently known methods. Calculation methods were used to determine sigma deviation, Broca index, body mass index, vital index. The features of student nutrition are studied using the questionnaire-method. Based on the collected questionnaires, the number of macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) in the daily ration and its energy value are calculated from the table of the chemical composition of the products.Results. The gender difference in the actual indicators of physical development and the number of macronutrients used in the diets is stated. The largest number of students with normal mass-scale indicators are defined among the girls of the 2nd year and boys of the 5th year. The content of macronutrients in the diets of these students corresponded to the standards and was confirmed by the values of the body mass index.Comparison of the physical development and the chemical composition of the daily ration indicates that the nutritional status of students, in particular, for young men of the 2nd year (25%) and girls of the 5th year (more than 30%), is inefficient. Excessive fat content in the daily ration and the scarce supply of other macronutrients to the body of students gives grounds for developing recommendations on dietary nutrition.

scholarly journals The relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function: A survey on Iranian pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Senobari ◽  
Elham Azmoude ◽  
Marziyeh Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The prevalence of sexual problems is high during pregnancy. Despite this, there are limited data about the impact of physical and psychological factors such as body weight and body image on sexual function in pregnant women. Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index, body image, and sexual function among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 206 Iranian pregnant women (106 with normal weight and 100 overweight women) in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were surveyed. Survey instruments included the Female Sexual Function Index and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of female sexual disorder was 72.3% in this survey. Diminished sexual desire/appetite was the most common problem reported by the participants (37.9%). The mean score of sexual problem and body image were not significantly different among overweight and normal weight women in the 2nd (p = 0.945 and p = 0.800, respectively) and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy (p = 0.310 and p = 0.507, respectively). Further, there were no relationships between the body mass index plus body image and the total female sexual function score (p = 0.44 and p = 0.837, respectively). However, the relationship between the appearance evaluation with lubrication (p = 0.043) and subjective weight with two subscales of sexual satisfaction (p = 0.005) and orgasm (p = 0.019) were significant. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that there were no relationships between body mass index plus body image score and the sexual function in pregnancy. Therefore, a further research is recommended to study other potential factors affecting sexual function during pregnancy.

The Impact of Environmental Factors on Malaria Prevalence in a Peri-Urban Community in Kwara State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Ajike Mokuolu ◽  
Oluwayemisi D Adegboye ◽  
Olugbenga A Mokuolu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p>There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression equation for the generation of a mathematical model. Ethical consent was obtained from the parents before samples were taken.The study showed that EF contributed to MP in the study area.  Integrated waste management system, and regular environmental sanitation were recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary, Socioeconomic, and Physical Factors on Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren Living in Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria) and Ain Defla (Centre)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Didaoui ◽  
Méghit Boumediene Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of environmental factors; food, socio-economic, and physical activity, on a group of obese children living in Ain-Defla (Center Algeria) and Sidi-Bel-Abbes (West Algeria). Material and methods: The protocol was carried out on a cohort of 125 school children aged of 5 to 11 years, including 64 boys and 61 girls, and 139 school children, including 93 boys and 46 girls in Ain Defla and Sidi-Bel-Abbes respectively. Concerning the classification of obesity and overweight, we referred to the International Obesity Task Force and the French References' curves. Results: Regarding dietary intake our results showed that 34% of students from both regions took their breakfast, compared to 66% who did not take. Furthermore, 73% of students skipped at least one meal, however 23% respected meals frequency i.e. 4 meals a day. Regarding socio-economic factors and physical activity, our findings showed that obesity rates were high (36%) among children whose fathers are workers. However, for mothers who are housewives, obesity increases among their children (88%). The relationship was reversed between the parents' education level and the Body Mass Index. We found an opposite relationship between Body Mass Index and physical activity, and investigated children use screen devices for long time periods. Conclusions: Our study showed a positive relationship between obesity and overweight and environmental factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Factors on Malaria Prevalence in a Peri-Urban Community in Kwara State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Ajike Mokuolu ◽  
Oluwayemisi D Adegboye ◽  
Olugbenga A Mokuolu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p>There is a consensus on the relationship between Malaria Prevalence (MP) and Environmental Factors (EF); however, there is a dearth of published data providing this evidence in a quantifiable way. This community based study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of the relationship between MP and key environmental factors in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 501 children from 200 households. Children under the age of 14 years in the selected households were sampled to obtain baseline MP using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) kit. Key household informant interviews and structured questionnaire were used. Relevant socio-demographic characteristics of the households, EF and non EF were determined. Acquired data was analyzed using statistical tools to determine the relationship between various independent variables and mRDT. Variables were also entered into a multiple regression equation for the generation of a mathematical model. Ethical consent was obtained from the parents before samples were taken.The study showed that EF contributed to MP in the study area.  Integrated waste management system, and regular environmental sanitation were recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Metabolic costs of growth and maintenance in the toad, Bufo bufo

1988 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
The Relationship

Metabolic costs of growth and maintenance were determined from the relationship M (metabolism) = m + nG (growth), where m is the metabolic rate at the feeding level at which growth is zero. In the past, the slope n was interpreted as indicating the metabolic costs of growth, and the costs of maintenance that arise with the increase in body mass were disregarded. These costs are included in n. In female toads, Bufo bufo, feeding at different rates, the uncorrected value of n was 0.44, when metabolism and growth were expressed as kJ kJ-1. After correction for increased metabolic maintenance expenditure with increased body mass, the value became 0.35, indicating that the physiological costs of growth were equivalent to about one-third of the body mass deposited. Metabolic costs of growth accounted for 80% of the increase in metabolism with growth, leaving 20% for costs of maintenance. At maximum growth rate the metabolic costs of growth amounted to about 60% of the total metabolism, total mass-specific metabolic rate being 2.5 times the rate at zero growth. The physiological costs of growth in young toads were compared with the costs in teleosts. Recalculation of published data on the relationship between metabolism and growth in the African catfish Clarias lazera indicated that the metabolic costs of growth amounted to about 28% of body mass deposited. The costs represented about 80% of the increase in metabolism with growth. The physiological costs of growth are several times higher than the net biochemical costs of synthesis of the macromolecules constituting the increase in body mass.

scholarly journals The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Ellis ◽  
Mimi Nguyen ◽  
Alexandra R. Vaughn ◽  
Manisha Notay ◽  
Waqas A. Burney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Microorganisms inhabit various areas of the body, including the gut and skin, and are important in maintaining homeostasis. Changes to the normal microflora due to genetic or environmental factors can contribute to the development of various disease states. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between the gut and skin microbiome and various dermatological diseases including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we will discuss the impact of treatment on the microbiome and the role of probiotics.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics of females in different age groups in Latvia from childhood to adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Pļaviņa ◽  
Helena Kārkliņa ◽  
Silvija Umbraško ◽  
Jekaterina Stankeviča ◽  
David Kachlik
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in main anthropometric parameters such as height, body mass, and body circumferences (chest, upper arm) in different age groups from childhood to adulthood in healthy females in Latvia and to determine the active growing age periods and the impact of tobacco use on anthropometric parameters. We provided a health well-being questionnaire concerning lifestyle and tobacco use. In the present study, we assessed the body mass index (BMI) values to identify body mass index-defined overweight and obesity. The levels of the body mass index exceeded the standard data only in a small number of the examined persons. Body composition data and the body mass index are used as an index of obesity as a standard practice by many clinicians according the recommendations of health authorities as a basis for health behaviour and physical activities to preserve physical and mental health. A significant correlation has been previously reported between anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and health capacity. The study data were collected with the participants’ informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistics program. The body mass index is the respondents’ major characteristic which describes the physical condition and nutrition level in any age group. Tobacco use by the mother during the pregnancy period has an influence on the child’s body mass and body mass index values that were fixed for girls in the 1st and 2nd childhood periods. Intensive increase in anthropometric parameters was observed during the transition from the adolescence to the youth period.

scholarly journals Prevention of Advanced Cancer by Vitamin D3 Supplementation: Interaction by Body Mass Index Revisited

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Sabine Kuznia ◽  
Clarissa Laetsch ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Ben Schöttker
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a protective effect of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation against cancer mortality. In the VITAL study, a RCT including 25,871 men ≥ 50 years and women ≥ 55 years, protective effects of vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day over a median of 5.3 years) with respect to incidence of any cancer and of advanced cancer (metastatic cancer or cancer death) were seen for normal-weight participants but not for overweight or obese participants. We aimed to explore potential reasons for this apparent variation of vitamin D effects by body mass index. We conducted complementary analyses of published data from the VITAL study on the association of body weight with cancer outcomes, stratified by vitamin D3 supplementation. Significantly increased risks of any cancer and of advanced cancer were seen among normal-weight participants compared to obese participants in the control group (relative risk (RR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.52, and RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.97, respectively). No such patterns were seen in the intervention group. Among those with incident cancer, vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of advanced cancer (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The observed patterns point to pre-diagnostic weight loss of cancer patients and preventive effects of vitamin D3 supplementation from cancer progression as plausible explanations for the body mass index (BMI)—intervention interactions. Further research, including RCTs more comprehensively exploring the potential of adjuvant vitamin D therapy for cancer patients, should be pursued with priority.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Multi-Morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Factors as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110185
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nanda ◽  
Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Ann Vincent ◽  
Karen M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.

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