scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
I.G. Shcherbakova ◽  
G.A. Khripko
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual

The tax on individual property is one of the local taxes of the tax system of the Russian Federation, which is established by regulatory legal acts of representative bodies of municipalities and is a source of income for local budgets. The share of property taxes received by local budgets is not more than 20 %, of which 17.5 % are income from land tax and 2.5 % are income from property tax of individuals. A feature of this tax is that its collection is determined solely by the characteristics of the property, regardless of the individual solvency of the taxpayer. From January 1, 2015 in the Udmurt Republic, the tax base for the tax on property of individuals is the cadastral value of real estate, before that the tax was calculated on the basis of the inventory value. In connection with the involvement of new real estate in the tax turnover and as a result of the cadastral valuation of real estate in the Udmurt Republic, there is an increase in the tax base and income tax on property of individuals. Despite this, the analysis of the property tax of individuals based on the cadastral value made it possible to identify a number of problems of its application in the Udmurt Republic, as well as identify possible solutions.

Features of property taxes and their role in the formation of local budget revenues

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Vasyl Prots
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Current System ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Property Inheritance

The extension of powers and functions of local self-government bodies in the context of financial decentralization should be accompanied by an appropriate increase of local taxes and fees to local budgets. Currently, property tax is a new element of the local taxation system and a financial tool for local governments. Since the property tax system is at an early stage in its development, there are a number of debatable issues, in particular, it is really necessary to assess the current system of property taxation in Ukraine, to investigate the fiscal role of property taxes and to outline directions for its improvement. The paper argues that in contrast to Ukraine, property taxes in many countries include the taxes on certain types of property, on net assets, on transfer of property ownership. The author proves that the taxation of property is based on the following principles: equivalence; solvency and equity; fiscal efficiency and financial capacity; security; performance. The analysis shows that since 2015, due to increased tax revenues, local taxes and fees have become the second largest source of local budgets. In 2015-2017 the largest share in the structure of property tax was paid for land 90-93%, the tax on real estate, other than land plot 4,6-8,3%, transport tax 0,8-2,7%. However, the greatest increase of revenues to local budgets accounted for the tax on real estate. The main factors of the growth of property tax since 2015 are due to the inclusion of land and transport taxes to property tax and the introduction of new ratios of indexation of normative monetary estimates for calculating land payments. The shortcomings of the system of property taxation are identified, namely: the level of urbanization of the territory where the object of taxation is located is not taken into account; the existing approach to taxing the area of immovable property, different from the land, does not take into account the degree of its physical depreciation; non-compliance with the principle of social equality and the imperfect mechanism of taxation of non-residential real estate of economic entities and individuals. The paper suggests to include irregular taxes into property taxes, that is, taxes on transfer of property: inheritance tax; gift tax. To determine the amount of real estate tax and land tax, the rates should be set as a percentage of the market value of the tax object, in order to simplify the process of taxes administering.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN SYSTEMS OF PROPERTY TAXATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Elena S. Stegnienko ◽  
Svetlana A. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Distribution Of Powers

The article discusses attempts to integrate land tax and property tax of individuals into a single tax on real estate in the Russian Federation. The analysis of foreign systems of property taxation on various grounds is given (level of distribution of powers, level of budget to which tax revenues, property, subject of tax are directed). The principles of the effectiveness of the system of taxation of real estate, developed by international practice, are identified.

APPLICATION OF A SPECIAL TAX REGIME FOR SELFEMPLOYED CITIZENS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. PROFESSIONAL INCOME TAX

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
V. B. DZOBELOVA ◽  
◽  
A. E. SALAMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the topic is largely due to the development of the country's tax base and the expansion of the geography of the special tax regime of the NAP. The main aspects of the functioning described in the work help to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the tax for self-employed persons. The purpose of the study is to reflect the trend in the development of a special tax regime for self-employed citizens in the Russian Federation. In connection with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were solved: to reveal the essence of the “self-employed population”, to characterize the main provisions of the special tax regime of the NAP, to consider the statistics of the number of self-employed persons in the Russian Federation, to identify the specifics of the tax regime for the self-employed population. The subject of the research is the special tax regime "Tax on professional income". The object of the research is the regulatory framework, as well as statistical data submitted by individuals to the Federal Tax Service on the implementation of activities to provide services to other individuals for personal, household and (or) other needs.As part of this research article explores the concept of "self-employed" citizens and trends in the use of special tax regime for the self-employed population in Russia according to the Federal Law from 27.11.2018 No. 422 «On the experiment of establishing a special tax regime "Tax on professional income"». The positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the tax regime are identified and the dynamics of the implementation of the law is studied.

scholarly journals Implementation of the principle of payment of land-use on the example of land tax: possibilities and issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Igor' Olegovich Nadtochii ◽  
Vera Nikolaevna Plesnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Exhaustive List

This article examines the relevant problems of land law – one of the most dynamically developing branches of law in the Russian Federation, and one of the first to undergo changes in the context of modernization of vectors of state legal policy. Analysis is conducted on the fundamental importance of the principle of payment of land-use on the example of land tax. The author explores the problems of the object of land tax and tax base, calculation of cadastral value. The conclusion is made that the chosen path of development of the land tax is unfeasible, thereby requiring an alternative solution. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, land is one of the key economic goods. The Russian legislator gives close attention to the commerce in land of various purpose. Land tax is the equivalent of rental charge. Such similarity is interchangeable in judicial practice. There are a number of issues in land tax regulation. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation are currently limited to establishing the exhaustive list of local taxes. The organizations and private entities are not recognized as taxpayers individuals with regards to land plots in uncompensated limited use or under a lease agreement. The post-Soviet states attribute land plots with ownership right as an object of taxation. The legislative and law enforcement practice on land tax in the Russian Federation indicates a close connection between land and civil legislation. For the purpose of replenishment of budgets, the Russian Federation took the path of increasing the tax burden. It is necessary to find the new ways for implementing the principle of payment of land-use in form of land tax, which would effectively address the problems of local financing.

scholarly journals Tax subsidies for entrepreneurs in case of property tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Edyta Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
Real Estate Tax

In Polish tax law, real estate is subject to taxation. Property tax rates depend not only on the type of property but also on the taxable person. Thus, as far as persons conducting business activity are concerned, real estate in their possession is taxed at a higher rate than that of natural persons. The amount of the tax payable annually may exceed the income of the trader concerned, since it does not depend on the taxable person's financial situation (as is the case with other taxes, e.g. personal income tax). Due to this fact, a catalog of tax reliefs and exemptions, i.e. the so-called tax subsidies, as well as the possibility of spreading the tax in instalments and deferring its payment date is an important role in real estate tax. The state, including municipalities, may create this form of aid, as long as it does not conflict with the provisions of the Act on State Aid and similar provisions in force in the European Union, which are designed to observe free competition in the market. The purpose of this Article is to indicate what are the current forms of assistance to entrepreneurs on the example of property tax.

scholarly journals Features of cadastral registration of real estate objects using 3D technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Oleg Tsvetkov ◽  
Ekaterina Vasileva ◽  
Kirill Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

The paper deals with the analysis and collection of information for state cadastral registration of real estate objects with certain design features. Previously, these design and technological features were not reflected in the cadastral documentation and quite often became a source of contradictions between stakeholders. Certain technical issues were settled only after going to court and pronouncing of a judgment. A list of problems that a cadastral engineer may encounter when collecting and analyzing data on an object in the matter of cadastral registering various types of underground structures, multi-level, multi-tiered objects and buildings of different heights for various purposes and profiles, as well as objects equipped with hidden niches and openings is given. The issues related to the state cadastral registration of casting structures are considered in terms of the individual characteristics of this process. The use of 3D cadastre technology is proposed as a real tool for solving the above issues. The positive experience of this practice in foreign countries is described. National features of the application of these technologies in the Russian Federation are given.

Improving the Equity Component of the Lagos State Land Use Charge (2018) for Enhanced Property Tax Yields

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kayode Babawale
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Tax Incidence ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Government

Property tax has remained a subject of recurrent debate amongst policy makers, scholars, public officials, real estate valuers, and other stakeholders, virtually everywhere over the years. The contention centres on issues such as the tax base, tax incidence, efficiency, and particularly, equity or fairness, among others. Qualities like ease of collection, difficulty of avoidance, accountability, and transparency etc., that ordinarily mark out property tax as a good tax in principle, are often compromised by controversial policies and mal-administration, particularly the latter. The new Lagos State Land Use Charge2018 (LUC, 2018) came into force effective January, 2018. Ina similar version that its immediate predecessor, the Land Use Charge2001 (LUC, 2001), attracted spontaneous and widespread protests on promulgation, the criticisms and protests that greeted the passage LUC (2018)has been vehement and remained unabated until the government was forced, like it did with the erstwhile law, to succumb to substantial but arbitrary reductions in rates and allowances across board (at two different times to date) but without a formal amendment to the law; an exact replica of what transpired under the erstwhile law and which opened it to abuse and arbitrary implementation with its compliance and revenue yields implications. The last of these reductions which took place in August saw a whopping 50%, and 25% cut in assessed rates on commercial properties and industrial properties, respectively. This study employed the doctrinal research methodology whereby the valuation or assessment aspect of the LUC (2018) was diagnosed with a view to finding amicable resolutions to the equity problem that virtually crippled the effectiveness of LUC (2001) over its seventeen years of existence and is already threatening the survival of the new LUC (2018). Keywords: assessment criteria, equity and fairness, Land Use Charge (2018), property tax.

ECONOMIC ESSENCE AND ROLE OF PROPERTY TAXES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Volodymyr DMYTRIV
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Taxation System

Introduction. The development of local self-government is one of the important prerequisites for the formation of a democratic state. Effective activity of local self-government bodies is impossible without a sufficient amount of financial resources, which are formed at the expense of the local budget’s own tax revenues. The local taxes and fees are the basis of financial independence of local authorities in the most developed countries of the world, the main among which are considered property taxes. The formation and development of national tax systems takes longer in the most developed countries than in Ukraine, which in its turn, affects the quality of tax legislation and as a consequence is accompanied by a misunderstanding on the part of society’s tax innovations. The construction of the taxation system should be based on the citizens’ awareness of the fiscal importance of property taxes in the formation of the revenue side of the state and local budgets. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the collection of property taxes in Ukraine, research their role in the formation of the revenue side of local budgets and to outline areas for improving property taxes in Ukraine using foreign experience. Results. The general features of the evolution of the property taxation system are considered. It is argued that a key element of the real estate taxation mechanism if the procedure for determining the tax base, which is mostly the valuation of the object. It is necessary to review property tax rates, conduct an inventory and ensure the full functioning of the system of mass registration of real estate, introduce a correction factor to take into account historical, territorial and other characteristics of real estate, increase tax literacy and tax culture of the population. Prospects. The attention will be paid to the differentiation of property tax rates, the feasibility of introducing preferential taxation, the advantages and disadvantages of property taxation and more in further research,.

Ways of increasing the efficiency of tax collection to the budgets of local communities on the basis of tax management

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Roman Ya. Halamay
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
System Development ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Tax Management ◽  
The Individual

The processes of fiscal decentralization have provided new opportunities for local self-governments: independent formation of local budgets; direct intergovernmental relations; expansion of the tax base, etc. The steps taken in the field of decentralization are currently not systemic. The distribution of fiscal payments between different levels of the budget system is the purpose of the tax system development, which would allow to provide quality social services to the population and influence the economic development of the territory. The main directions of tax system development on the basis of tax management are substantiated as following: strengthening the role of local taxes; establishing the effective interaction of local governments with economic entities operating in the territory to increase budget revenues; ensuring the fair distribution of the tax burden and its reduction while seeking budgetary compensators; strengthening the tax control; ensuring the efficient informational and explanatory work and interaction of local self-government bodies and taxpayers. The author's vision of the tax system within the new architecture of the administrative-territorial system is offered. The inclusion of personal income tax in local taxes and change in the mechanism of crediting the tax to local budgets are substantiated. There are two alternatives to change the procedure for crediting personal income tax to local budgets, due to which the associated burden will be distributed among all participants: 1) crediting personal income tax to local budgets at the place of residence of the individual payer; 2) giving the individual payer the right to choose which budget should include the amount of tax paid (by place of work or place of residence). The directions of increasing the property taxes accumulated in local budgets are defined. The paper develops a model of the form of self-taxation of the population in territorial communities. According to the model, the residents are involved in the accumulation and distribution of tax resources. The suggested model is based on the accumulation of financial resources by a parity principle: the amount of financial contribution of local governments is determined at a level not lower than the amount contributed by residents.

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