scholarly journals Architecture in the public space – streets and squares under the conditions of urban globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gaweł

This article is the result of the research carried out by the author in creating new public spaces and shaping contemporary urban-forming trends in the conditions of globalization. In his research (through literature criticism and in situ field research) the author analyzes selected contemporary architectural realizations in Poland over the last decades, comparing them with similar works around the world, assessing their impact on shaping the cities’ build environment. The comparison is made through the analysis of such factors as: the construction of the form, elements of architecture and construction affecting the location, visibility, perception and created relations between the building and the surroundings.

Author(s):  
Minh-Tung Tran ◽  
◽  
Tien-Hau Phan ◽  
Ngoc-Huyen Chu ◽  
◽  
...  

Public spaces are designed and managed in many different ways. In Hanoi, after the Doi moi policy in 1986, the transfer of the public spaces creation at the neighborhood-level to the private sector has prospered na-ture of public and added a large amount of public space for the city, directly impacting on citizen's daily life, creating a new trend, new concept of public spaces. This article looks forward to understanding the public spaces-making and operating in KDTMs (Khu Do Thi Moi - new urban areas) in Hanoi to answer the question of whether ‘socialization’/privatization of these public spaces will put an end to the urban public or the new means of public-making trend. Based on the comparison and literature review of studies in the world on public spaces privatization with domestic studies to see the differences in the Vietnamese context leading to differences in definitions and roles and the concept of public spaces in KDTMs of Hanoi. Through adducing and analyzing practical cases, the article also mentions the trends, the issues, the ways and the technologies of public-making and public-spaces-making in KDTMs of Hanoi. Win/loss and the relationship of the three most important influential actors in this process (municipality, KDTM owners, inhabitants/citizens) is also considered to reconceptualize the public spaces of KDTMs in Hanoi.


Author(s):  
Kleber Vinícius Barros Kachinsk ◽  
Maria Helena Mattos Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Eliana Cardoso-Leite

Conservar a natureza e garantir o uso pelas populações é elemento central na construção dos programas de uso público dos parques urbanos e naturais municipais, tendo em vista a relevância que os temas vinculados ao meio ambiente, assumem em nossa sociedade, sobretudo, em interface com valores e práticas imbricadas na estrutura social, econômica e política vigente. No que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da consciência e de práticas de conservação ambiental, é fundamental considerar as características locais e, ao mesmo tempo, não apenas garantir o acesso a programas de educação não formal e de uso público de espaços coletivos e públicos, mas também fomentar práticas culturais e lazer nestes espaços. Isto porque, inclusive, os espaços públicos e seus usos implicados, considerando os apontamentos de Jacobs (2011), são fundamentais para as cidades mais vivas, seguras, sustentáveis e saudáveis. O presente trabalho aborda os parques em ambiente urbano, buscando analisar a distribuição destas áreas na cidade de Sorocaba e como se dá o uso do espaço público pela população, por meio de práticas recreativas e de lazer. O estudo de caráter exploratório, descritivo, pautado em abordagem quali-quanti, foi realizado por meio da combinação da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e da pesquisa de campo, balizada por observação sistemática (suportada por protocolo de observação) e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com os usuários dos parques urbanos e parques naturais municipais do município de Sorocaba. Estas pesquisas foram realizadas na área amostral de 8 parques da cidade (4 delimitados - cercados e 4 sem delimitação física - não cercados) e os resultados apontam que há disparidades na oferta de serviços com relação à política de atividades e ao quesito segurança, bem como recorrente demanda por melhorias da infraestrutura e paisagismo ambiental. Os parques de Sorocaba, são utilizados para a prática de esportes, para o descanso, encontro com amigos, passeios com crianças e contemplação da natureza. Entretanto, apesar do elevado número de parques criados e de sua distribuição atender a todas as regiões de Sorocaba, estes resultados suportam ações para uma intervenção mais assertiva das instituições do setor público, no que se refere à devida valorização da importância das atividades de cultura e lazer, inclusive àquelas destinadas ao fomento da preservação e conservação ambiental – via práticas de educação ambiental – em todas as regiões, que forçosamente resultarão em melhorias dos aspectos paisagísticos, da manutenção e conservação e dos resultados, inestimáveis, de maior segurança pública. Urban and Natural Parks supply in Sorocaba (SP, Brazil): encouragement for public use polices ABSTRACT Conserving nature and guaranteeing its use by the population is a central element in the construction of programs for the public use of urban parks, in view of the relevance that the themes related to the environment assume in our society, above all, interfacing with articulation values and practices in the current social, economic and political structure. Concerning the development of environmental awareness and conservation practices, it is essential to consider local characteristics and, at the same time, not only guarantee access to non-formal education programs and public use of collective and public spaces, but also promote cultural practices and leisure in these spaces. This is because public spaces and their uses, considering the Jacobs (2011) notes, are fundamental for cities that are more alive, safe, sustainable and healthy. he present work deals with the parks in an urban environment, trying to analyze the distribution of these areas in the city of Sorocaba and how the public space is used by the population, through recreational and leisure practices. The exploratory, descriptive study, based on a quali-quanti approach, was carried out through a combination of bibliographic, documentary and field research, using systematic observation (supported by observation protocol) and semi-structured interviews with users of urban parks and natural parks in the municipality of Sorocaba. These surveys were carried out in the sample area of 8 city parks (4 delimited - fenced and 4 without physical delimitation - not fenced) and the results indicate that there are disparities in the service offer in relation to the activities policy and the safety question, as well as environmental and landscape improvements. The parks of Sorocaba, are used for sports, for rest, meeting with friends, walks with children and contemplation of nature. However, despite the high number of parks created and their distributions serving all regions of Sorocaba, these results support actions for a more assertive intervention of public sector institutions, regarding the proper appreciation of the importance of culture and leisure activities , including those aimed at promoting environmental preservation and conservation - via environmental education practices - in all regions, which will inevitably result in improvements in the landscape, maintenance and conservation, and invaluable results of greater public safety. KEYWORDS: Urban Parks; Public Use; Leisure; Environment; Sorocaba-Brazil.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Renata Sieiro Fernandes ◽  
Antonio Carlos Miranda ◽  
Irene Quintáns

Parte-se da ideia da cidade como campo da educação não formal. Dentre os usos e ocupações atuais do espaço público por contestação, manifestação, lazer, sob orientações políticas, étnicas, artísticas, ambientais, lúdicas, pelo público adulto, têm surgido experiências que envolvem as crianças, como sujeitos-cidadãos ativos e participativos na cidade, o que vem a constituir a experiência da cidade. O objetivo é apresentar e discutir aspectos educativos no campo da educação não formal que são desenvolvidos por meio de ações sociais e comunitárias, relacionando com o conceito de currículo e de currículo oculto no espaço da cidade. Metodologicamente, é um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa no campo da Educação, do tipo bibliográfico e documental e descritivo e analítico quanto aos seus objetivos. Parte do levantamento de práticas nacionais de educação não formal na cidade envolvendo crianças, tendo sido selecionados 5 projetos dentro de duas categorias denominadas projetos de revitalização do espaço público e projetos de escuta das crianças, para discussão. O referencial teórico baseia-se em Trilla, Sennett, Lefebvre e outros. Os dados mostram que, na ocupação dos espaços públicos, o currículo deixa de ser prescrito para ser construído pelas comunidades, na promoção das oportunidades de acesso aos bens sociais e culturais nas três dimensões em que a cidade educa: aprender da cidade, aprender na cidade, aprender a cidade. As crianças que participam dos projetos são entendidas como sujeitos sociais e públicos e que produzem cultura (não apenas a reiteram), promovendo processos de criação, reinvenção e modificação do entorno, do que é comum, das comunidades e da sociedade. Conclui-se que essa participação e as ações empreendidas dão margem a novas possibilidades de atuação no mundo, tirando os sujeitos das tiranias da intimidade.Palavras-chave: Educação não formal. Cidade educativa. Educação e cultura. Currículo.THE CITY AS A FIELD OF NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AND THE EXPERIENCES OF CHILDREN Abstract This article starts with the idea of the city as a place of non-formal education. Among the current uses and occupations of the public space for contestation, demonstration, leisure, under political, ethnic, artistic, environmental and playful orientations by the adult public, experiences have arisen that involve children as active and participative citizen subjects in the city. This is what constitutes the experience of the city. The objective is to present and discuss educational aspects in the field of non-formal education that are developed through social and community actions, relating to the concept of curriculum and hidden curriculum in the universe of the city. Methodologically, it is an exploratory study, qualitative approach in the field of Education, bibliographic and documentary type and descriptive and analytical about its objectives. Part of the survey of national practices of non-formal education in the city involving children, 5 projects were selected within two categories called projects of revitalization of public space and projects of listening to children, for discussion. The theoretical framework is based on Trilla, Sennett, Lefebvre and others. The data show that, in the occupation of public spaces, the curriculum is no longer prescribed to be built by the communities, in promoting opportunities for access to social and cultural goods in the three dimensions in which the city educates: learning from the city, learning in the city , learn the city. The children who participate in the projects are understood as social and public subjects and that produce culture (not only reiterate it), promoting processes of creation, reinvention and modification of the environment, of what is common, of communities and of society. It is concluded that this participation and the actions undertaken give rise to new possibilities of action in the world, taking the subjects from the tyrannies of intimacy.Keywords: Non-formal education. Educational city. Education and culture. Curriculum.LA CIUDAD COMO CAMPO DE LA EDUCACIÓN NO FORMAL Y LAS EXPERIENCIAS DE LOS NIÑOSResumenSe parte de la idea de la ciudad como lugar de educación no formal. En el caso de los niños, como sujetos ciudadanos activos y participativos en la ciudad, entre los usos y ocupaciones actuales del espacio público por contestación, manifestación, ocio, bajo orientaciones políticas, étnicas, artísticas, ambientales, lúdicas, por el público adulto, han surgido experiencias que involucran a los niños, lo que viene a constituir la experiencia de la ciudad. El objetivo es presentar y discutir aspectos educativos en el campo de la educación no formales que se desarrollan a través de acciones sociales y comunitarias, relacionándose con el concepto de currículo y de currículo oculto en el universo de la ciudad. Metodológicamente, es un estudio exploratorio, de abordaje cualitativo en el campo de la Educación, del tipo bibliográfico y documental y descriptivo y analítico en cuanto a sus objetivos. Parte del levantamiento de prácticas nacionales de educación no formal en la ciudad que involucra a niños, se seleccionaron 5 proyectos dentro de dos categorías denominadas proyectos de revitalización del espacio público y proyectos de escucha de los niños, para discusión. El referencial teórico se basa en Trilla, Sennett, Lefebvre y otros. Los datos muestran que, en la ocupación de los espacios públicos, el currículo deja de ser prescrito para ser construido por las comunidades, en la promoción de las oportunidades de acceso a los bienes sociales y culturales en las tres dimensiones en que la ciudad educa: aprender de la ciudad, aprender en la ciudad , aprender la ciudad. Los niños que participan en los proyectos son entendidos como sujetos sociales y públicos y que producen cultura (no sólo la reiteran), promoviendo procesos de creación, reinvención y modificación del entorno, de lo que es común, de las comunidades y de la sociedad. Se concluye que esa participación y las acciones emprendidas dan lugar a nuevas posibilidades de actuación en el mundo, sacando a los sujetos de las tiranías de la intimidad.Palabras clave: Educación no formal. Ciudad educativa. Educación y cultura. Currículo.


2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Madden

A case study of the renovation of New York City's Bryant Park, this article revisits the end of public space thesis. the renovated park signifies not the end of public space but the new ends to which public space is oriented. in Bryant Park, a new logic of urban publicity was assembled and built into the landscape. the social and technical means by which this transformation was achieved are analyzed. New public spaces of this sort promulgate a conception of the public that is decoupled from discourses of democratization, citizenship, and self–development and connected ever more firmly to consumption, commerce, and social surveillance. If such places do not herald the end of public space, they do represent “publicity without democracy.”


Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Umiel-Feldman

The term ‘Public Sphere’ is used to distinguish it from the private. Here, we will use the term ‘Public Spaces’ to distinguish between various types of public spheres, differing from one another not only in their controlling identity, but also in the level of obligation to be in them and the extent in which they demand obedience from their participants. The new typology proposed in this paper conceptualizes the Israel Defense Forces [IDF] as a legally binding Public Space, using the case study of the Jewish religious law prohibiting Orthodox men to listen to a woman’s singing voice. This prohibition has sparked a strong public controversy and ongoing clashes between the army and religion. The case study illustrates a wide range of confrontations over the identity of the IDF’s space. While examining similar cases in other armies around the world, the paper presents a model explaining the terms and conditions for disputes on the nature of Public Spaces around the world, and when to expect confrontations between identities in different Public Spaces. Finally, the paper attempts to predict the extent and scope of such confrontations, on four dimensions: (a) The level of obligation to be in the Public Space; (b) the level of greediness of the Public Space; (c) the level of heterogeneity of identities within the Public Space; and (d) the level of personal identity greediness of persons and groups whose identity differs from the hegemonic identity in the public space.


Author(s):  
M. Gavrilova ◽  
A. Gavrilov

One of the important design topics is the formation of the urban environment based on modern comfort requirements, considering the historical content and identifying the special uniqueness of the place. The use of symbolic interpretation of characteristic elements of the environment: such as the earth's surface, various forms of relief, vegetation, water structures and small architectural forms when creating urban open areas allows to create a bright expressive image of public space. The application of this principle contributes to the strengthening of the information content of the historical urban environment and the creation of a special memorability of the transformed space. The use of symbolic compositions in urban space increases the figurative characteristics of the environment, revealing its individuality and consolidating its identity. The methods of transmitting certain information using signs and symbols to create stable visual priorities in the public environment are identified. It is noted that the methods of transformation of public spaces presented in the study provides increasing the figurative characteristics of environments without significant urban planning changes, to reveal its identity and to increase the environmental sustainability of urban space. Examples of the use of symbolic interpretation in the Russian and foreign experience of creating new public urban spaces are given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Sherly De Yong ◽  
Murni Rachmawati ◽  
Ima Defiana

The spread and pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is currently happening in the world, has led to new policy steps in the security of public spaces to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health. There is new adaptation in the policies while using space like limiting the use of public spaces, increasing social distancing between people or creating territory. Territory means specific area where are claimed or maintained (can be physically, through ruler or symbols). Territory can give a sense of security to the users. Therefore, this paper give insight and rethinking the territory concept as sense of security in interior public space and built environment where people expect to see strangers in this space. The methods in this paper are literature review method by collecting and synthesizing previous research using integrative approach. For the result is territory concept achieved as part of protection to the users in the build environment with mechanisms that should be applied in each type: the boundary between areas; limitation to the symbolic; supervision and control of space.


Author(s):  
Luz Dary Ríos Castañeda ◽  
Jesús Rojas Arredondo

ABSTRACTIn public spaces of cities there are urban phenomena and psychosocial processes involving a multiplicity of practices in everyday life. In this paper we show an urban ethnography that uses moving techniques, such as: walking with, mobile interview, and mobile participant observation in a field work for to access to itinerant economic activities. We emphasize the appropriateness of using these techniques in studies of public space with moving practices because we can explore in situ: environmental perception, spatial practices, social architecture and sociability.RESUMENEn los espacios públicos de las ciudades hay fenómenos urbanos y procesos psicosociales que implican una multiplicidad de prácticas de la vida cotidiana. En este trabajo mostramos una etnografía urbana, que utiliza las técnicas móviles de: “caminar con”, la entrevista móvil y la observación participante móvil en un trabajo de campo para el acceso a las actividades económicas itinerantes. Hacemos hincapié en la conveniencia de utilizar estas técnicas en los estudios sobre el espacio público con las prácticas en movimiento, ya que podemos explorar in situ: la percepción del medio ambiente, las prácticas espaciales, la arquitectura social y la sociabilidad.


Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Chandra Bayu ◽  
Fery Kurniadi

<p><em>Covid 19 pandemic that </em><em>strike</em><em> the world, has had a major impact on</em><em> changes</em><em> people's lives. </em><em>The</em><em> changes as a result of the application of social distancing, which is done to slow and stop the spread of disease, termed ‘New Normal’. This study aims to determine changes in socio-spatial conditions on the use and to determine the readiness of public spaces in Pontianak in accommodating </em><em>the</em><em> </em><em>new normal. In addition, the results of this study will contribute ideas related to the development of learning in designing public spaces in the future.</em><em> </em><em>Mix Method approach has been</em><em> used. </em><em>Importance and performance</em><em> analysis have been used to analy</em><em>ze</em><em> the </em><em>quantitative </em><em>datas</em><em> and the qualitative data has been observed by place centered mapping. By comparing the quantitative and qualitative output,</em><em> </em><em>the result </em><em>show the public space readiness </em><em>indicator are: all public spaces with good performance in accommodating recreational and social activities; two public space with good performance in accommodating sport activities; The need to improved ‘health protocols’ control and WASH; recessive' mechanism in apply physical distancing; inconsistency of Expectation – Behavior; and unimportance of the tele-working / tele-learning.</em></p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110338
Author(s):  
David Jenkins ◽  
Lipin Ram

Public space is often understood as an important ‘node’ of the public sphere. Typically, theorists of public space argue that it is through the trust, civility and openness to others which citizens cultivate within a democracy’s public spaces, that they learn how to relate to one another as fellow members of a shared polity. However, such theorizing fails to articulate how these democratic comportments learned within public spaces relate to the public sphere’s purported role in holding state power to account. In this paper, we examine the ways in which what we call ‘partisan interventions’ into public space can correct for this gap. Using the example of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM), we argue that the ways in which CPIM partisans actively cultivate sites of historical regional importance – such as in the village of Kayyur – should be understood as an aspect of the party’s more general concern to present itself to citizens as an agent both capable and worthy of wielding state power. Drawing on histories of supreme partisan contribution and sacrifice, the party influences the ideational background – in competition with other parties – against which it stakes its claims to democratic legitimacy. In contrast to those theorizations of public space that celebrate its separateness from the institutions of formal democratic politics and the state more broadly, the CPIM’s partisan interventions demonstrate how parties’ locations at the intersections of the state and civil society can connect the public sphere to its task of holding state power to account, thereby bringing the explicitly political questions of democratic legitimacy into the everyday spaces of a political community.


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