scholarly journals Gambaran skala visual analog dan hemodinamik pada pasien yang diberikan kombinasi tramadol dan ketorolak pasca bedah laparotomi

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galuh R. Mufti ◽  
Harold F. Tambajong ◽  
Diana Lalenoh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Recovery Room ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Vas Score

Abstract: Pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage or potential tissue damage or a condition that indicates tissue damage. This study aimed to describe the visual analogue scale (VAS) and hemodynamic among patients given combination of tramadol and ketorolac post laparotomy. Evaluation of pain was assessed by using VAS. This was a descriptive prospective study and was carried out in the recovery room (RR) postoperation and in inpatient A and D instalations of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado from December 2015 to March 2016. There were 20 respondents that were handled with laparotomy and had met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the average VAS score at the 2nd hour was 5, while the average VAS score at the 4th hour and the 6th hour were 6.4 and 8.5 respectively. The average systolic pressure at the 2nd hour was 124 mmHg, the 4th hour was 126 mmHg, and the 6th hour was 131.6 mmHg. The average diastolic pressure at the 2nd hour was 78 mmHg, at the 4th was 80 mmHg, and at the 6th was 85 mmHg. The average pulse rate at the 2nd hour was 85.4 per minute, at the 4th was 86.7 per minute, and at the 6th was 90.3 per minute. The average MAP at the 2nd hour was 91 mmHg, at the 4th was 91.3 mmHg, and at the 6th was 94 mmHg. Keywords: visual analog scale, haemodynamic, ketorolac, tramadol Abstrak: Nyeri adalah suatu pengalaman sensoris dan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan dihubungkan dengan adanya kerusakan jaringan atau potensial terjadinya kerusakan jaringan atau suatu keadaan yang menunjukan kerusakan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran skala analog visual dan hemodinamik pada pasien yang diberikan kombinasi tramadol dan ketorolak pascabedah laparotomi. Gambaran nyeri dinilai dengan menggunakan visual analog scale (VAS). Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif prospektif dan dilakukan di ruang pemulihan recovery room (RR) pascabedah dan di Instalasi Rawat Inap A dan D RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado pada bulan Desember 2015-Maret 2016. Jumlah sampel yaitu 20 orang yang dilakukan operasi laparotomi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata skor VAS pada jam ke-2 ialah 5 sedangkan rerata skor VAS pada jam ke-4 dan jam ke-6 ialah 6,4 dan 8,5 secara berurutan. Rerata tekanan sistolik pada jam ke-2 ialah 124 mmHg, jam ke-4 ialah 126 mmHg dan jam ke-6 menjadi 131,6 mmHg. Rerata tekanan diastolik pada jam ke-2 ialah 78 mmHg, jam ke-4 ialah 80 mmHg, dan jam ke-6 menjadi 85 mmHg. Rerata laju nadi pada jam ke-2 ialah 85,4 x/menit, jam ke-4 ialah 86,7 x/menit, dan jam ke-6 menjadi 90,3 x/menit mmHg. Rerata MAP pada jam ke-2 ialah 91 mmHg, jam ke-4 ialah 91,3 mmHg, dan jam ke-6 menjadi 94 mmHg.Kata kunci: visual analog scale, hemodinamik, ketorolak, tramadol

scholarly journals PROFIL NYERI DAN PERUBAHAN HEMODINAMIK PASCA BEDAH PERUT BAWAH DENGAN KETOROLAK 30 mg INTRAVENA

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki Ekawati ◽  
Diana Lalenoh ◽  
Lucky Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Recovery Room ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Abstract: Pain as a sensory and emotional experience unpleasant, related with actual tissue damage or potential tissue damage. The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of pain and hemodynamic changes such as blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate in patients of lower abdomen surgical with the analgesic ketorolac 30 mg intravenously. The profile of pain was valued by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This study used prospective descriptive approach and was conducted at recovery room (RR) after surgery and also at Inpatient installation A and D RSUP Prof. Dr RD Kandou Manado on November 2014 - December 2014. Samples were 20 cases of lower abdominal surgery which fulfilled the inclusion criterias. This study found that the average of VAS score on 0 hour and 2nd hour are 0 while average of VAS score on the 4th and 6th hour are 1,65 and 6,80 respectively. Average of blood pressures on 0 hour is 110/75, the 2nd hour is 119/75, 4th hour is 120/80 and 6th hour is become 122/83 mmHg. Average pulse rate on 0 hour is 80.1, 2nd hour is 80.3, 4th hour is 80.25 and 6th hour is become 80.80 pulse per minute. The average respiratory rate on 0 hour is 21.25, 2nd hour is 20.45, 4th hour is 20.15 and 6th hours is become 21.30x/ minute.Keywords: visual analog scale, hemodynamic changes, ketorolacAbstrak: Nyeri sebagai suatu pengalaman sensorik dan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan, berkaitan dengan kerusakan jaringan yang nyata atau yang berpotensial menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil nyeri dan perubahan hemodinamik seperti tekanan darah, nadi dan laju napas pada pasien bedah perut bawah dengan analgetik ketorolak 30 mg intravena. Profil nyeri dinilai dengan menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif retrospektif dan dilakukan di ruang pemulihan recovery room (RR) pasca bedah dan di Instalasi Rawat Inap A dan D RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Manado pada bulan November 2014 - Desember 2014. Sampel adalah 20 kasus yang dilakukan operasi bedah perut bawah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor VAS pada jam ke-0 dan ke-2 adalah 0 sedangkan rata-rata skor VAS pada jam ke-4 dan jam ke-6 adalah 1,65 dan 6,80 secara berurutan. Rata-rata tekanan darah pada jam ke-0 adalah 110/75, jam ke-2 adalah 119/75, jam ke-4 adalah 120/80 dan jam ke-6 menjadi 122/83 mmHg. Rata-rata laju nadi jam ke-0 adalah 80,1, jam ke-2 adalah 80,3, jam ke-4 adalah 80,25 dan jam ke-6 menjadi 80,80 denyut per menit. Rata-rata laju napas pada jam ke-0 adalah 21,25, jam ke-2 adalah 20,45, jam ke-4 adalah 20,15 dan jam ke-6 menjadi 21,30x/menit.Kata kunci: visual analog scale, perubahan hemodinamik, ketorolak

Extracorporeal Pulse-Activated Therapy versus Injection: Treatment of Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
John Grady ◽  
Yelena Boumendjel ◽  
Kathryn LaViolette ◽  
Trevor Smolinski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
American Orthopaedic

Background: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common clinical presentations seen by podiatric clinicians today. With corticosteroid injection being a classic treatment modality and extracorporeal pulse-activated therapy (EPAT) technology improving, the purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare pain and functional outcomes of patients with plantar fasciitis treated with either injection or EPAT. Methods: Between November 1, 2014, and April 30, 2016, 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated with either corticosteroid injection or EPAT. Patients were evaluated with both the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Hindfoot Score at each visit. Results: The EPAT was found to reduce pain on the VAS by a mean of 1.98 points, whereas corticosteroid injection reduced pain by a mean of 0.94 points. This was a significant reduction in the VAS score for EPAT compared with corticosteroid injection (P = .035). Conclusions: Extracorporeal pulse-activated therapy is as effective as corticosteroid injection, if not more so, for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis and should be considered earlier in the treatment course of plantar fasciitis.

scholarly journals Sublingual immunotherapy increases Treg/Th17 ratio in allergic rhinitis

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
Jiarong Wang ◽  
Liansheng Qiu ◽  
Yimin Chen ◽  
Minyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Medication Score

Abstract Background Few studies investigated the effects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) on the peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs)/Th17 ratio. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of SLIT in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects on the Tregs/Th17 ratio. Methods This was a retrospective study of children who were treated for AR between April 2017 and March 2018 at one hospital. The patients were grouped according to the treatments they received: SLIT + pharmacotherapy vs pharmacotherapy alone. Results Eighty children (51 boys and 29 girls; 40/group) were included. The visual analog scale (VAS) and medication scores at 1 year in the SLIT + pharmacotherapy group were 2.70 ± 1.08 and 1.1 ± 0.8, respectively, which were lower than at baseline (7.7 ± 1.2 and 3.6 ± 1.0, respectively) (both Ps < 0.05). For the pharmacotherapy group, the VAS score was decreased at 1 year vs baseline (3.3 ± 1.2 vs 7.4 ± 1.0; P < 0.05), but the medication score did not change (P > 0.05). In the SLIT + pharmacotherapy group, the Treg percentage increased, while the Th17 percentage decreased at 1 year (both Ps < 0.01). The percentages of Tregs and Th17s did not change in the pharmacotherapy group (both Ps > 0.05). Conclusions SLIT + pharmacotherapy can increase the Treg percentage and decrease the Th17 percentage in the peripheral blood of children with AR.

scholarly journals Spinal cord stimulation for chronic intractable trunk or limb pain: study protocol for a Chinese multicenter randomized withdrawal trial (CITRIP study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Peng Mao ◽  
Guihuai Wang ◽  
Wei Tao ◽  
Donglin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Vas Score

Abstract Background: Although effective results of many studies support the use of spinal cord stimulation in the chronic pain patients, no randomized controlled trial has been undertaken in China to date. CITRIP is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, withdrawal study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of spinal cord stimulation plus remote programming management in patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.Method：Participants will be recruited in approximately 10 centers across China. Eligible participants with intractable trunk or limb and an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score ≥ 5 will undergo spinal cord stimulation test. Participants with VAS score reduction ≥ 50% could move forward to receive implantation of an implanted pulse generator. In the withdrawal period at 3-months follow-up visit, participants randomized to the experimental group (EG) will undergo continuous stimulation while ceasing the stimulation in the control group (CG). The outcome assessment will occur at baseline and at 1, 3 (pre and post randomization) and 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference of maximal visual analog scale (VAS) score between EG and CG in the withdrawal period compared with baseline before the withdrawal period. Additional outcomes include VAS score change at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-ups, responder rate (VAS score improving by 50%), achievement rate of a desirable pain state (VAS score ≤ 4), awake times during sleep, Beck Depression Inventory for depression evaluation, short-form 36 for quality of life evaluation, drug usage, satisfaction rating of the device. Adverse events will be collected. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion：The CITRIP study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a randomized withdrawal trial of spinal cord stimulation for patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.Trial registration: NCT03858790, clinicaltrials.gov, registered on March 1st, 2019, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03858790

The Visual Analog Scale for Pain

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Bodian ◽  
Gordon Freedman ◽  
Sabera Hossain ◽  
James B. Eisenkraft ◽  
Yaakov Beilin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Relevant Outcome ◽  
Apparent Influence ◽  
Research Studies

Background The visual analog scale is widely used in research studies, but its connection with clinical experience outside the research setting and the best way to administer the VAS forms are not well established. This study defines changes in dosing of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia as a clinically relevant outcome and compares it with VAS measures of postoperative pain. Methods Visual analog scale measurements were obtained from 150 patients on the morning after intraabdominal surgery. On the same afternoon, 50 of the patients provided a VAS score on the same form used in the morning, 50 on a new form, and 50 were not asked for a second VAS measurement. Results Visual analog scale values and changes in value were similar for patients who were given a new VAS form in the afternoon and those who used the form that showed the morning value. The proportions of patients requesting additional analgesia were 4, 43, and 80%, corresponding to afternoon VAS scores of 30 or less, 31-70, and greater than 70, respectively. Change from morning VAS score had no apparent influence on patient-controlled analgesic dosing for patients with afternoon values of 30 or less or greater than 70, but changes in VAS scores of at least 10 did discriminate among patients whose afternoon values were between 31 and 70. Conclusions When pain is an outcome measure in research studies, grouping final VAS scores into a small number of categories provides greater clinical relevance for comparisons than using the full spectrum of measured values or changes in value. Seeing an earlier VAS form has no apparent influence on later values.

scholarly journals Prevalence Proportion of Patient with Coronary Heart Disease in Inpatient Room of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Faradila Budi Saputri ◽  
Dyah Fauziah ◽  
Esti Hindariati
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Proportion

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of heart disease that causes death. It occurs as a result of hardening of the coronary arteries which supply oxigen-rich blood to the entire heart muscle so that the heart can contract properly. However, many patients neglect the symptoms. Moreover, the risk factor and the comorbides disease worsen the condition. This research aims to study the profile of coronary heart disease patients in the inpatient rooms at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2017.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and retrospective study by assessing patients’ medical record and analyzed descriptively.Results: From total 587, 263 patiens met inclusion criteria, aged between 51-60 years (42.6%) with domination of male (82,13%). %). Risk Factors are into one of the Comorbidities of CHD Patient. There are Risk Factor can be aggravate of CHD Patients. Most of subjects had risk factor hipertension (50,79%), and hypertension with DM (38,7%). Hypertension based on systolic pressure and diastolic pressure obtained that systolic pressure <120 mmhg was 39.6% and diastolic pressure <80 was 37.4%.Conclusion: Most of CHD patients in this study were in age group 51 – 60 years old, male, had risk factor hypertension and DM.

scholarly journals Latihan Yoga Dapat Menurunkan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Siklus Mentruasi Remaja Puteri

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yulinda Yulinda ◽  
Dewi Purwaningsih ◽  
Cherly Marlina Sudarta
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Yoga Group

<em>Every month women aged 12-49 years, not pregnant and not yet experienced menopause has menstruation. During this period, problems experienced by many women are discomfort or pain. Dysmenorrhoea resulted absenteism and cause disadvantages, due to a temporary "paralysis" while doing activities. The autonomic nervous system function changes during the luteal phase of the menstrual period, is associated with psychosomatic symptoms in the menstrual phase. A preventive alternative to improve women's health is by doing yoga. Yoga provides benefits to physical and mental health through the regulation of the HPA axis (Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal) and the Sympathetic Nervous System, increasing parasympathetic activity, lowering blood pressure, stress and anxiety levels. The physical movements of yoga stimulates, strengthens the body and improve blood circulations. Pelvic organs, perineal muscles and pelvic become healthier, get oxygen, so that the vascularization toward the reproductive organs become optimal. The purpose of this research is to know effect of Yoga to vital sign and anxiety level in girl adolescent menstrual cycle. The study was a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. This research was carried at the Bandung Midwifery Department, to the student girls. Intervention in the form of Yoga was held in May-July 2015. A number of 121 people were taken as a sample using a stratified random sampling technique based on student level and inclusion criteria and 58 people selected by inclusion criteria, which were randomly assigned to yoga and exercise. Vital signs were measured directly and anxiety level using questionnaires. The results showed that reduction in diastolic pressure occurs more frequently in the exercise group, amounting 4.50 while yoga at 0.55. In the yoga group decreased pulse frequency which is equal to 1.83. Anxiety scores decreased more in the yoga group, the reduction in anxiety scores in the amount of 13.5 points. In conclusions there was no significant effect of yoga exercises to systolic pressure, diastolic, pulse and respiration. Yoga can significantly reduce the level of girls anxiety during menstruation (p 0.05).</em>

scholarly journals Spinal cord stimulation for chronic intractable trunk or limb pain: study protocol for a Chinese multicenter randomized withdrawal trial (CITRIP study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Peng Mao ◽  
Guihuai Wang ◽  
Wei Tao ◽  
Donglin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Vas Score

Abstract Background Although effective results of many studies support the use of spinal cord stimulation in the chronic pain patients, no randomized controlled trial has been undertaken in China to date. CITRIP is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, withdrawal study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of spinal cord stimulation plus remote programming management in patients with intractable trunk or limb pain. Method Participants will be recruited in approximately 10 centers across China. Eligible participants with intractable trunk or limb and an average Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score ≥ 5 will undergo spinal cord stimulation test. Participants with VAS score reduction ≥ 50% could move forward to receive implantation of an implanted pulse generator. In the withdrawal period at 3-months follow-up visit, participants randomized to the experimental group (EG) will undergo continuous stimulation while ceasing the stimulation in the control group (CG). The outcome assessment will occur at baseline and at 1, 3 (pre and post randomization) and 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference of maximal visual analog scale (VAS) score between EG and CG in the withdrawal period compared with baseline before the withdrawal period. Additional outcomes include VAS score change at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-ups, responder rate (VAS score improving by 50%), achievement rate of a desirable pain state (VAS score ≤ 4), awake times during sleep, Beck Depression Inventory for depression evaluation, short-form 36 for quality of life evaluation, drug usage, satisfaction rating of the device. Adverse events will be collected. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion The CITRIP study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a randomized withdrawal trial of spinal cord stimulation for patients with intractable trunk or limb pain.

Evaluation of neck pain by using a visual analog scale before and after laminoplasty in patients with cervical myelopathy: relationship with clinical results

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Ara ◽  
Haku Iizuka ◽  
Yasunori Sorimachi ◽  
Yoichi Iizuka ◽  
Takashi Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Cervical Lordosis ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Pain Status ◽  
Before And After

Object In this study the authors investigated the neck pain of patients with cervical myelopathy by using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after laminoplasty, and they analyzed the association of amount of neck pain with the clinical results. Methods A retrospective review was conducted in 41 patients with cervical myelopathy who underwent cervical laminoplasty. The patients were assessed using questionnaires to evaluate the neck pain intensity before surgery, and 2 years after surgery, the outcome was assessed using a VAS. The degree of cervical lordosis and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine were evaluated before and after laminoplasty. The neurological status was also evaluated before and after surgery. Results The patients were classified into 2 groups according to their preoperative neck pain: 1) the pain (PA) group, which included patients whose preoperative VAS score was more than 1 mm; and 2) the no pain (NP) group, which included patients whose preoperative VAS score was 0 mm. Inclusion in the PA group indicated a restriction of the cervical ROM before laminoplasty; however, the improvement of neck pain in this group and the deterioration of pain status in the NP group eliminated this difference after laminoplasty. Thereafter, the PA group was classified into 2 subgroups according to the improvement of the preoperative neck pain: 1) the improved group, which included patients whose postoperative VAS score decreased; and 2) the no improvement group, which included patients who were not in the improved group. No significant differences were observed in the average recovery and radiographic results between these 2 subgroups. Conclusions Neck pain before surgery in the PA group indicated a restriction of the cervical ROM; however, the improvement of neck pain in this group and the deterioration of pain status in the NP group indicated the disappearance of this difference postoperatively. Moreover, improvement of preoperative neck pain was not associated with the radiographic results and the neurological recovery rate.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN NILAI VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) PASCA BEDAH SEKSIO SESAR PADA PENDERITA YANG DIBERIKAN TRAMADOL

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Francis Jaury
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Recovery Room ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analgesic Drug ◽  
Pain Reliever ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is an instrument use to measure pain intensity. It is considered as the most efficient and it has been used in research and sensitivity test of analgesic drug. VAS is usually presented as a horizontal line numbered 0 to 10. Tramadol in an opioid analgesic, acts centrally, which has a moderate µ receptors. This drug has been used to treat light to moderate pain.The aim of this study is to find out the VAS score of the postoperative caesarean section patients, treated with tramadol as the pain reliever. This study is a prospective descriptive study which is done in recovery room of Central Surgical Installation Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado general hospital. As much as 18 women who met the inclusion criteria were observed during this study. Result shows that the mean of VAS I score (2 hours post administered) is 2.4, the mean of VAS II score (4 hours post administered) is 3, and the mean of VAS III score (6 hours post administered) is 3.4. Keywords: VAS, tramadol   Abstrak: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) merupakan alat pengukuran intensitas nyeri yang dianggap paling efisien yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian dan uji sensitivitas suatu obat analgetik. VAS umumnya disajikan dalam bentuk garis horisontal dan diberi angka 0-10. Tramadol adalah analgetik golongan opioid yang bekerja sentral yang memiliki afinitas sedang pada reseptor µ yang lemah. Obat ini digunakan sebagai penghilang rasa sakit derajat ringan sampai sedang. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran nilai VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) pasca bedah seksio sesar pada penderita yang diberikan tramadol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif prospektif yang dilakukan pada ruang pasca bedah (recovery room) Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP. Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 18 orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa rerata gambaran nilai VAS I (2 jam setelah pemberian obat) adalah 2,4. Nilai VAS II (4 jam setelah pemberian obat) adalah 3. Nilai VAS III (6 jam setelah pemberian obat) adalah 3,4. Kata kunci: VAS, tramadol

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