EFEKTIVITAS DANA DESA (DD) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ABSTRAKKesejahteraan masyarakat menunjukkan ukuran hasil pembangunan masyarakat dalam mencapai kehidupan yang lebih baik yang meliputi peningkatan kemampuan dan pemerataan distribusi kebutuhan dasar seperti makanan, perumahan, kesehatan, dan perlindungan; kemudian ditambah dengan peningkatan tingkat kehidupan, tingkat pendapatan, pendidikan yang lebih baik, dan peningkatan atensi terhadap budaya dan nilai - nilai kemanusiaan; serta, memperluas skala ekonomi dan ketersediaan pilihan sosial dari individu dan bangsa terutama di wilayah pedesaan. Untuk itu perlu adanya andil pemerintah pusat maupun daerah dalam penyaluran dan pengelolaan anggaran atau Dana Desa secara efektif.Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat efektivitas Dana Desa serta bagaimana dampaknya secara langsung terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang ada di Kecamatan Pineleng. Data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa data sekunder Dana Desa Tahun 2015 sampai Tahun 2017 dan data primer yang di ambil secara langsung melalui kuisioner. Dan analisis yang dgunakan adalah analisis statistic deskriptif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Dana Desa yang ada di Kecamatan Pineleng berkembang secara efektif dengan nilai diatas 100 persen yang menyatakan bahwa Dana Desa memiliki tingkat Efektivitas serta memiliki dampak yang positif sesuai dengan hasil penyuluhan secara langsung kepada masyarakat di Kecamatan Pineleng. Kata Kunci : Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dan Dana Desa ABSTRACTPublic welfare show result size the community development in achieving a better life which includes increased capacity and equity distribution basic needs such as food , housing , health , and protection; then added with increased the lives of , income levels , better education , and improving atensi on culture and value and human value , extending economies of scale and the availability of social choice of individuals and nation especially in rural areas. Therefore it needed certainly made my share of the central government and the regions within distribution of funds and the management of the budget or funds the village have effective .In research aims to understand how big the effectiveness village funds and how it had directly against the level of community welfare in sub-district pineleng.The data in use in this research was in the form of secondary village funds 2015 up 2017 and primary data in extract directly through kuisioner.And analysis is analysis dgunakan statistic descriptive.Based on the results of the research indicated that existing in kecamatan village funds pineleng progressing in a effective with the value of above 100 percent expressing that the funds villages have the effectiveness as well as having have a positive impact in accordance with the results counseling directly to the community in kecamatan pineleng. Key word : The level of community welfare and village funds

Download Full-text

The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Rural Sustainability in Korea

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10072436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2436 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaehee Hwang ◽

Jonghoon Park ◽

Seongwoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Central Government ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Evaluation Studies ◽

Development Program ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Rural Village ◽

Rural Sustainability ◽

Ex Post ◽

The Impact

An imperative challenge emerges from the demand to apply the scientific method in the assessment of recent agricultural and rural policies throughout the world. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ex-post quantitative evaluation of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program (CRVDP), a representative rural development policy operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, a central government agency in South Korea. The primary purpose of this program is to ensure sustainable rural society. This study found a moderate but significant positive impact of the policy in enhancing the standard of living in rural areas. The present paper concludes with suggesting some policy implications, limitations and future directions of policy evaluation studies.

Download Full-text

PEMBATASAN CALON KEPALA DESA PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA ( PILKADES ) SERENTAK DALAM KONTEKS HAK ASASI MANUSIA

Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi ◽

10.20961/hpe.v5i1.18346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Widada , ◽

Hari Purwadi ◽

M. Hudi Asrori

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Key Words ◽

Central Government ◽

Primary Data ◽

Political Rights ◽

Primary Data Source ◽

Data Source ◽

The Village

Abstract This articles examine about Restrictions on Head Village Candidate In The Head Village Election (Pilkades) Simultaneously in the Human Rights Context. This research was doctrinal law. Form of the study is exploratory. Analysis of data using qualitative analysis approach to law and case and using primary data source, secondary and tertiary.The technique of data collection using literature and observation to strengthen analysis qualitatively. Based on research carried out produced a conclusion that reason Restrictions on Head Village Candidate In The Head Village Election (Pilkades) Simultaneously was central government took aims to effective goal using by systemic of utilities. The villages chief candidates also citizens which given protection of his political rights where political rights can only limited by constitution. So restrictions village head candidate should not be applied because it law No. 6 of 2014 about village not directly contain restriction regulation village head candidates. The restriction of the village head candidate there is only on the implementation arrangements.Key words : Restrictions village head candidate, Human rights, Head Village Election. Abstrak Artikel ini mengkaji tentang Pembatasan Calon Kepala Desa Pada Pemilihan Kepala Desa ( Pilkades ) Serentak Dalam Konteks Hak Asasi Manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dan bentuk penelitiannya eksploratif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang – undangan dan pendekatan kasus dengan menggunakan sumber data primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan literatur dan observasi untuk memperkuat analisa secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa alasan pilkades. Kedua alasan tersebut diambil pemerintah pusat dengan maksud untuk mencapai tujuan yang efektif dengan menggunakan sarana – sarana yang sistemik sehingga kebijakan sentral dapat terlaksana. Calon kepala desa juga warga Negara yang diberi perlindungan terhadap hak politiknya dimana hak politik hanya dapat dibatasi dengan Undang – Undang saja. Jadi pembatasan calon kepala desa hendaknya tidak diberlakukan karena Undang – Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang desa tidak secara langsung memuat aturan pembatasan calon kepala desa. Pembatasan calon kepala desa hanya ada pada aturan pelaksanannya.Kata kunci : Pembatasan Calon Kepala Desa, Hak Asasi Manusia, Pemilihan Kepala Desa.

Download Full-text

The significant of Village Data for Village Development: The experiential journey of Community Development Program (KKL) Parahyangan Catholic University

JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik) ◽

10.22146/jkap.26352 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Tutik Rachmawati ◽

Trisno Sakti Herwanto ◽

Kristian Widya Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Behavioral Science ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Development Program ◽

Development Planning ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Catholic University ◽

Science Methodology ◽

The Village

It is common knowledge that development planning at the village level is rarely based on valid and updated data. Students and lecturers in the Public Administration Department Parahyangan Catholic University, who have been working with villages in West Java Province for several decades encountered situations to support that argument. It is difficult to obtain valid and updated data to use as evidence in developing initiatives and programs for the village development. Students’ Community Development Program (Kuliah Kerja Lapangan henceforth KKL themed Universities Contribution to Village Development was initiated with the goal of improving the quality of data in rural areas (Garut District) by collecting and updating village data, developing the capacity of village government leaders and staff to collect and update village data on their own. This paper discusses three major works that the Students’ Community Development Program (KKN) themed Universities Contribution to Village Development have made. The three areas relate to 1) elaboration of the logic of the program; (2) discussion of the process of data collection and analysis of data in the three villages; and (3) discussion of output and outcomes of the program. Research action, as Lewin argues, has three goals: to advance knowledge; to improve a concrete situation; and to improve behavioral science methodology. This paper presents a case study that shows the existence of a problem in a community, and concrete actions taken to solve it through the application of knowledge acquired through Community Development Program (KKL) experience of Universitas Membangun Desa.

Download Full-text

Pengembangan Program Usaha Ekonomis Produktif dalam Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kabupaten Sumenep

Jurnal Inovasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik ◽

10.33474/jisop.v1i2.4801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Dwi Listia Rika Tini

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

First Year ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Business Programs ◽

Business Program ◽

Program Policy ◽

Second Year ◽

The Village

This study aims to explain the Development of Productive Economic Business Programs in Sumenep Regency in the context of empowering women and improving the quality of women as development resources. The Development of Productive Economic Business Program is an effort of Sumenep Regency in order to build a better economy going forward related to the village economy. The method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method in which references are the basis for analysis. The Productive Economic Business Program Policy in Sumenep Regency is implemented under the auspices of the Community and Women's Empowerment Agency (BPMP) in the form of craftsmen business groups that utilize Natural Resources and Human Resources in each Village. This phase of UEP development activities is carried out through an empowerment process carried out over a period of 3 (three) years and the phasing plans are 1) First Year (2013), namely the Growth Stage; 2) Second Year (2014) Development Phase and 3) Third Year (2015) Independence Phase. From the UEP development activities that have a positive impact on women in rural areas, they can make money and help husbands without having to work far outside the home.

Download Full-text

Strategi Pengembangan Kawasan Perdesaan: Studi di Kabupaten Pandeglang

Sawala Jurnal Administrasi Negara ◽

10.30656/sawala.v7i1.906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Agus Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Central Government ◽

Local Politics ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Primary Data ◽

Regional Government ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Purposive Sampling

AbstakImplementasi kebijakan tata ruang di Kabupaten Pandeglang mengalami berbagai kendala, diantaranya terjadi konflik antar aktor baik berupa aktor pemda pandeglang, masyarakat, tokoh, pihak swasta, pemerintah pusat dan aktor politik. Kondisi tersebut menuntut adanya strategi pengembangan perdesaan yang yang spesifik mengingat Kabupaten Pandeglang merupakan wilayah perdesaan dan memiliki potensi SDA yang besar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitin desktiptif dengan Pendekatan Kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer berupa angket dengan metode purposive sampling, berjumlah 18 pakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pembangunan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Pandeglang perlu memprioritas strategi dengan urutan sebagai berikut: perencanaan kawasan perdesaan yang partisipatif dan aspiratif; pembukaan isolasi wilayah melalui pembangunan infrastuktur antar perdesaan; peningkatan kualitas SDM; pemberdayaan masyarakat; kemitraan dan dukungan modal pemerintah, swasta untuk usaha masyarakat; revitalisasi kelembagaan masyarakat; pembangunan kawasan berbasis potensi unggulan yang adaptif ekologi dan sosial. Ketujuh strategi tersebut saling melengkapi sehingga perlu diprogramkan yang didukung oleh regulasi khususnya di tingkat kabupaten berdasarkan program tersebut disusun anggaran sesuai kebutuhan (Money follow programe). Selain itu, Implementasi strategi juga perlu dilakukan dengan partisipatif dengan melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan. Pembagian antar sektor ini perlu memperhatikan dinamika politik lokal. Abstract The implementation of spatial policies in Pandeglang Regency experienced various obstacles, including conflicts between actors in the form of regional government officials, communities, leaders, the private sector, the central government and political actors. This condition requires a specific rural development strategy considering Pandeglang District is a rural area and has a large natural resource potential. This research is a descriptive study with a Quantitative Approach. The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires with purposive sampling method, totaling 18 experts. The results of the study indicate that the development of rural areas in Pandeglang District needs to prioritize the strategy in the following order: participatory and aspirational rural area planning; opening of regional isolation through inter-rural infrastructure development; improving the quality of human resources; community empowerment; partnership and government capital support, private sector for community businesses; revitalizing community institutions; superior potential area development that is ecologically and socially adaptive. The seven strategies complement each other so that it needs to be programmed which is supported by regulations, especially at the district level based on the program, the budget is prepared as needed (Money follow program). In addition, the implementation of the strategy also needs to be done in a participatory manner involving all stakeholders. This division between sectors needs to pay attention to the dynamics of local politics.

Download Full-text

VILLAGE FUND AS POVERTY COUNTERMEASURES IN INDONESIA: CASE STUDY OF VILLAGE EXPENDITURE IN CENTRAL JAVA

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.8312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

Mailinda Eka Yuniza ◽

Muhammad Jibril ◽

Fajar Muhammad Nashih

Keyword(s):

Central Government ◽

Field Research ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Primary Data ◽

Poor People ◽

Central Java ◽

New Findings ◽

Village Government ◽

The Village

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to analyze the legal framework regarding village funds in Indonesia and analyze the budgeting of some villages in Central Java along with the relation of village funds to their development and poverty. Lastly, this paper will hand over recommendations to solve these problems. Methodology: The research method employed in this legal research is normative-empirical research, whereas the research material used includes primary and secondary data. The primary data is obtained based on field research by conducting interviews with the related respondents, while the secondary data obtained through literature studies of various sources. Main Findings: The authors found out that although with the existence of the village fund, there is still some village that is underdeveloped and there are many poor people. Applications of this study: The findings can be useful as a source to improve the effectiveness of Village Funds, whether for the Central Government or the Village Government. Novelty/Originality of this study: The new findings in this study would advance the existing knowledge in Village Funds, especially its implementation through village expenditure.

Download Full-text

Socio-environmental survey of a forest hamlet proximate to Neora Valley National Park in the Eastern Himalayas, India

Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability ◽

10.26554/ijems.2019.3.4.1-13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sayan Bhattacharya ◽

Sudipta De ◽

Arkajyoti Shome ◽

Abhishek Dutta

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Management ◽

National Park ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Primary Data ◽

Eastern Himalayas ◽

Field Notes ◽

The Village

The Eastern Himalayas have significant impact on the climate and biodiversity of the Indian Subcontinent. The Himalayan region has shown consistent warming trends in recent times, which can significantly affect the biodiversity, agriculture and local livelihoods. Many scattered hamlets are found in this zone and some of them are proximate to the forests enriched with endemic biodiversity. Icchey Gaon (27.1336oN, 88.5657oE; Altitude 5,600 feet) is a small village situated in Kalimpong district, India in the Eastern Himalayas. Icchey Gaon is situated proximate to Neora Valley National Park, which is located in the Eastern Himalayas as a global ‘biodiversity hotspot’. The village is one of the newest tourist destinations in the Eastern Himalayas. The village area is also a centre of Cinchona plantation since 19th century. The adjacent areas of Icchey Gaon have extensive coverage of Cinchona plantation. The survey work was done in April, 2017 by visiting Icchey Gaon village in Kalimpong, West Bengal. The study focuses on an interdisciplinary understanding of the physical and cultural environment of the forest and mountain areas. The survey work integrates the perspectives of human and social ecology, ecosystem services and sustainable development. Primary data were gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centres of the region. Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews supplemented by field notes were arranged to collect data from the village areas in Icchey Gaon. The length of each interview was about 40–50 minutes and was supplemented by field notes. Focuses were given on demography, agriculture, livestock management, traditional water management, education, culture, health, waste management, disaster management, biodiversity, joint forest management, ecosystem services and human animal conflict. Biodiversity of the region was documented by visiting the forest areas and the nature interpretation centre situated in Neora Valley National Park. There is an urgent need for implementing an integrated sustainable development system for the conservation of forest ecosystems and traditional human settlements in and around Neora Valley forest. Management strategies have been suggested for conserving the forest biodiversity and socio-economic condition of the hamlet. Bringing local communities into protected area management can have significant positive impact on long-term biodiversity conservation in the transboundary Himalayan landscapes. Extensive study is necessary in the Eastern Himalayas to explore the socio-ecological conditions in the context of climate change.

Download Full-text

STRENGTH PERSPECTIVE: MEMETAKAN POTENSI PELAKU USAHA KECIL DAN MIKRO DI DESA MARGALUYU

Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.24198/jppm.v6i3.25669 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Santoso Tri Raharjo ◽

Sahadi Humaedi ◽

Nurliana Cipta Apsari ◽

Meilanny Budiarti Santoso

Keyword(s):

Small Business ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Social Changes ◽

Positive Side ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Strength Based ◽

Strength Perspective ◽

The Village

Strength perspective mengarahkan pada pandangan bahawa bahwa setiap orang, kelompok atau masyarakat sesungguhnya memiliki sumber kekuatan, baik yang bersumber pada diri sendiri maupun lingkungan sekitar mereka. Pandangan ini dapat memandu setiap diri manusia, kelompok, organisasi, masyarakat; atau entitas sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya lainnya yang dengan sisi positifnya semestinya menjadi modal utama untuk mandiri, maju dan berkembang. Demikian pula dalam memetakan usaha mikro di perdesaan, dimana perpektif kekuatan berkaitan erat dengan pemberdayaan atau keberdayaan (empowered) usaha tersebut. Selain sumber-sumber potensial lainnya, seperti aset-aset fisik, ekonomi, dan budaya; perspektif ini menekankan perlunya pemanfaatan aset-aset sosial (social capital) potensial di masyarakat. Pandangan kekuatan (strength perspective) merupakan salah alternative upaya memetakan potensi usaha mikro-kecil di desa, agar hasilnya lebih positif dan fair. Banyak usaha kecil dan mikro yang tetap bertahan hingga kini, membuktikan bahwa mereka memiliki kekuatan. Lalu apa yang menjadi sumber kekuatan mereka, hingga dapat survive di tengah perubahan sosial dan teknologi informasi yang begitu cepat. Namun demikian, perubahan sosial dan kemajuan teknologi saat ini pun semestinya dapat berdampak positif bagi perkembangan usaha mereka. Artikel ini berupaya untuk menggambarkan dan menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan berbasis kekuatan (strength perspective) dalam memetakan potensi usaha mikro-kecil di desa, sebagai salah satu alternatif. Kajian dalam artikel ini dilandasi oleh pemikiran bahwa sesungguhnya setiap pelaku usaha mikro-kecil di desa memiliki kekuatan berikut dengan ragam sumber dan potensinya. Beragam sumber dan potensi tersebut bisa disadari atau pun tidak oleh pelaku usaha mikro-kecil (UMK) tersebut. Strength perspective leads to the view that every person, group or community actually has a source of strength, both originating from themselves and the environment around them. This view can guide every human being, group, organization, society; or other social, economic, and cultural entities that on the positive side should be the main capital to be independent, advanced and developing. Likewise in mapping microbusinesses in rural areas, where the strength perspective is closely related to empowering or empowering the business. In addition to other potential sources, such as physical, economic and cultural assets; This perspective emphasizes the need to utilize potential social assets in the community. The strength perspective is an alternative effort to map the potential of micro-small businesses in the village, so that the results are more positive and fair. Many small and micro businesses that have survived until now, prove that they have strength. Then what is the source of their strength, so they can survive in the midst of social change and information technology so fast. However, current social changes and technological advances should have a positive impact on the development of their businesses. This article seeks to describe and explain how a strength based perspective in mapping the potential of micro-small businesses in the village, as an alternative. The study in this article is based on the idea that every micro-small business actor in the village has the following strengths with various sources and potentials. The various sources and potentials can be realized or not by the micro-small business (UMK).

Download Full-text

Impact of Microcredit on Living Standard of Dairy Entrepreneurs: Special Focus on Oddusuddan DS Division in Mullaitivu District

Indian Journal of Finance and Banking ◽

10.46281/ijfb.v3i2.456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Saseela Balagobei ◽

Sankeetha Aravinthakumar

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Primary Data ◽

Living Standard ◽

Poor People ◽

Special Focus ◽

The Impact ◽

Micro Credit

Microcredit is part of micro finance, which provides a wider range of financial services for low income people. Micro credit serves as a vital role for Living standard of poor people in the developing countries as well as in Sri Lanka. In this Study Oddusuddan DS division in Mullaitivu district was selected as research area. After the 30 years conflict situation most people in the Oddusuddan area in Mullaitivu district are subordinate to the poverty line, because most of the displaced people who are female other than male staying here. Women lost their male relatives in struggle, and forced to take a responsibility of their family in order to look after their children, aged parents and their male relatives. Micro credit helps the poor people particularly women in effective ways in order to create income generating activities. The prime objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Microcredit on living standard of dairy entrepreneurs in Oddusuddan DS division in Mullaitivu District. In the rural areas of Mullaitivu, Oddusuddan Divisional Secretariat Divisions 100 dairy entrepreneurs were selected as the sample size of population. The selected entrepreneurs who have received loan from samurdhi bank for dairy farming activities in Oddusuddan DS Division. Primary data were used for gathering information and quantitative analysis was carried out to find out the results. In the quantitative analysis the correlation and regression methods were employed to examine the hypotheses by using SPSS. The result of this study concluded that there is a positive impact of samurdhi micro credit on living standard of dairy entrepreneurs in Oddusuddan DS Division. In addition to this, using micro credit facilities create more job opportunities and variety of economic activities and improve household education, income, saving and heath condition of the people. The study recommends that micro credit institution should consider improve the living standard of dairy entrepreneurs through increase the loan amount with lower interest rate.

Download Full-text

Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10114281 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4281 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Umar Mukhtar ◽

Zhangbao Zhong ◽

Beihai Tian ◽

Amar Razzaq ◽

Muhammad Naseer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Migrant Workers ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Protection ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rural Households ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Primary Data ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Employment Quality

Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential estimation methods for the empirical analysis. The study provides new insights for migration in Pakistan. First, migrant workers are better off in their new urban settings in terms of improved incomes and living conditions, but their social protection status is still poor. Second, the results of the employment quality models show that migration is a successful strategy for rural households to improve the quality of their employment. In addition, the characteristics of migrants and native households affect the relative improvement in the quality of employment and migrants’ conditions. Third, the results of the propensity score matching technique suggest that migration has a positive impact on rural households’ income, and these impacts are more pronounced in large cities. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should invest in quality education in rural areas, and ensure that social security schemes are provided for migrant workers in urban areas.

Download Full-text