scholarly journals Jenis, komposisi, dan kepadatan sampah laut di Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Utara, pada musim hujan (Type, composition, and density of marine litter in Manado Bay during rainy season)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lindon R Pane ◽  
Wilmy E Pelle ◽  
Suzanne J Undap ◽  
Natalie D.C Rumampuk ◽  
Veibe Warouw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Beach Litter

During rainy season, a various type of litter can enter the ocean through rivers. This is a significant contributor to the amount of marine litter in the waters. In order to access the type, composition, and density of the litter during rainy season, this study was conducted in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi. The observation was done on the litter stranded on the beach, and they were classified into two different size groups, macro (>2,5 cm)- and meso (0,5-2,5 cm)-sizes. Malalayang Beach and Bailang Beach were chosen for the location of the study. Litter type, composition, and density was evaluated according to National Marine Litter Monitoring Guide. The result showed that there were 7 types of macro-size and 6 types of meso-size marine litter in Malalayang Beach and it was dominated by glass and ceramic for both sizes. In Bailang Beach, 9 types of macro-size and 7 of meso-size were found, and it was dominated by plastics. It can be concluded that various type of marine litter present in Manado Bay, both macro- and meso- sizes, during the rainy season. The highest composition was the glass and ceramics type. However, the highest density was the plastic type.---Pada musim hujan, berbagai jenis sampah dari daratan masuk ke perairan pantai melalui sungai. Hal ini merupakan penyumbang signifikan bagi jumlah sampah laut di perairan. Untuk menilai jenis bahan, komposisi, dan kepadatan sampah laut pada musim hujan, penelitian ini dilakukan di Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Bagian Utara. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sampah laut yang terdampar di pantai (beach litter), berukuran makro (> 2,5 cm) dan meso (0,5-2,5 cm), di dua lokasi, yaitu Pantai Malalayang dan Pantai Bailang. Sampah laut dievaluasi menggunakan Pedoman Nasional tentang Pemantauan Sampah Pantai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, sampah laut jenis plastik, kaca & keramik, busa plastik, kertas & kardus, logam, karet, kayu, kain, dan bahan lainnya, baik berukuran makro maupun meso ditemukan di perairan. Di Pantai Bailang, komposisi sampah laut berukuran makro dan meso didominasi oleh jenis bahan plastik; tetapi, di Pantai Malalayang didominasi oleh jenis kaca & keramik. Demikian juga untuk kepadatan sampah laut di Pantai Bailang, jenis bahan plastik mendominasi, baik sampah berukuran makro maupun meso. Sedangkan di Pantai Malalayang, jenis kaca & keramik mendominasi kepadatan sampah laut pada semua ukuran. Selanjutnya, dapat disimpulkan, pada musim hujan, berbagai jenis bahan sampah laut berada di Teluk Manado, baik berukuran makro maupun meso. Komposisi terbesar untuk ukuran makro dan meso ialah jenis bahan kaca & keramik. Namun, kepadatan tertinggi untuk ukuran makro dan meso ialah sampah jenis bahan plastik.

scholarly journals Marine litter pollution along sandy beaches of Can Gio coast, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2022 ◽  
Vol 964 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Thanh-Khiet L. Bui ◽  
Quoc-Khanh Pham ◽  
Nhu-Thuy Doan ◽  
Thanh-Ban Nguyen ◽  
Van-Nghia Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
First Time

Abstract Marine debris is a significant threat to the marine environment, human health and the economy in Can Gio island, Vietnam. In this study, we conducted beach litter surveys to quantify and characterize marine litter from six beach transects in this region for the first time using the OSPAR beach litter monitoring guideline. A total of 29,456 items weighting 529,432 g was recorded from 12 surveys in two monitoring campaigns in December 2019 (dry season) and in June 2020 (rainy season). Plastic was the most abundant type of litter in terms of quantity (a total of 26,662 items) and weight (325,606 g), followed by paper and cardboard, cloth, wood, metal, glass and ceramics, rubber and other items. Meanwhile, ropes (less than 1 cm in diameter) and plastic bags accounted for the major parts of sampled plastic items, i.e., 20.18% and 14.46%, respectively. In general, a higher percentage of marine litter, particularly the fishing related items, was found in the rainy season than in the dry season, possibly due to increased fishing and aquaculture activities. In contrast, a reduction pattern of the single use plastics in the rainy season might be due to the decreased tourism activities during the Covid pandemic period. This study not only showed the magnitude of litter pollution, but also provided valuable information that could help decision making to better control and reduce marine litter in the region. In addition, insights from this study indicate that there is an urgent need to design collection, reuse and recycling programs in the area. The collected recyclables, specially plastics, will be a great source of materials for recyclers in a circular economy achieving sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals A Survey of Marine Coastal Litters around Zhoushan Island, China and Their Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Xuehua Ma ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Luyi Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
The Impact

Rapid development of the economy increased marine litter around Zhoushan Island. Social-ecological scenario studies can help to develop strategies to adapt to such change. To investigate the present situation of marine litter pollution, a stratified random sampling (StRS) method was applied to survey the distribution of marine coastal litters around Zhoushan Island. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to access the amount of litter in different landforms that include mudflats, artificial and rocky beaches. In addition, two questionnaires were designed for local fishermen and tourists to provide social scenarios. The results showed that the distribution of litter in different landforms was significantly different, while the distribution of litter in different sampling points had no significant difference. The StRS survey showed to be a valuable method for giving a relative overview of beach litter around Zhoushan Island with less effort in a future survey. The questionnaire feedbacks helped to understand the source of marine litter and showed the impact on the local environment and economy. Based on the social-ecological scenarios, governance recommendations were provided in this paper.

EMODnet Chemistry new and consolidated large scale cooperation actions for 2020 and beyond

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giorgetti ◽  
Chiara Altobelli ◽  
François Galgani ◽  
Georg Hanke ◽  
Neil Holdsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Data Portal ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
The Eu

<p>EMODnet Chemistry is one of the seven thematic portals of EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data Network), the long-term initiative aiming to ensure that European marine data are findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable. EMODnet was launched by DG MARE in 2009 as the pillar of the Blue Growth strategy, Marine Knowledge 2020.</p><p>Eutrophication (e.g. nutrients, oxygen and chlorophyll), contaminants (e.g. hydrocarbons, pesticides, heavy metals, antifoulants) and marine litter (e.g. beach litter, seafloor litter and floating micro litter) are the main categories of quality assured marine data sets and data products made available through the EMODnet Chemistry portal.</p><p>45 marine research and monitoring institutes and oceanographic data management experts from 30 countries comprise the EMODnet Chemistry network, including National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODC), National Environmental Monitoring Agencies and Marine Research Institutes actively involved in managing, processing and providing access to data sets from European marine waters and global oceans.</p><p>During 2020 EMODnet Chemistry consolidated fundamental international collaborations and upgraded cooperation actions on the European and global level to share and harmonize data, knowledge and services, following decision-makers’ needs to implement EU directives, such as MSFD, MSPD, INSPIRE directive, and the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations</p><p>Main EMODnet Chemistry 2020 transnational cooperation actions are:</p><ul><li>The MSFD Technical Group on Marine Litter used the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database to compute the EU beach litter quantitative Baselines and Threshold values.</li> <li>The European Environment Agency confirmed the use of EMODnet Chemistry data for three environmental state indicators relating to eutrophication and contaminants.</li> <li>Mercator Ocean International and EMODnet Chemistry set up the first joint portfolio of products in support of the MSFD implementation. The two partners are also exploring opportunities to support the aquaculture sector.</li> <li>EMODnet -Chemistry and the In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS INSTAC) collaborated with ENVRI Marine European Research Infrastructures (Euro-Argo, EMSO, ICOS, Lifewatch and SeaDataNet) to enhance FAIRness of in situ data.</li> <li>Mercator Ocean international, UNDESA, SULITEST NGO and EMODnet Chemistry have been creating an awareness questionnaire to raise awareness on the Goal 14 of the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.</li> <li>The EU asked EMODnet Chemistry to share its experience at the G20 workshop on harmonized monitoring and data compilation of marine plastic litter organized by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.</li> <li>The international Oxygen data portal and Ocean Acidification data portal received contributions from EMODnet Chemistry and CMEMS in situ TAC for their implementation.</li> <li>The National Marine Data and Information Service of China collaborates with EMODnet to strengthen international ocean data through the EMOD-PACE project.</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Plastic fragments as a major component of marine litter: a case study in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Fernandino ◽  
Carla Isobel Elliff ◽  
Iracema Reimão Silva ◽  
Thiago de Souza Brito ◽  
Abílio Carlos da Silva Pinto Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Recreation Activities

Urban areas are hotspots for marine litter. Plastic materials are the most common type of beach litter and can fragment into even smaller pieces. A total of 24 sampling stations were distributed along the coast of Salvador, Brazil, from which every litter item > 2 cm was sampled. A total of 17,089 items were sampled from the beaches of Salvador in two different survey sea- sons (10,416 during the winter and 6,673 during the summer). Plastic represented 87.45% of all materials sampled during the winter and 85.24%, during the summer. In both seasons, the majority of the sampled beaches were classified as extremely dirty according to the Clean-Coast Index. Plastic fragments were found in every sampling station in both field surveys, representing 45.7% of the overall plastic items sampled. Tourism/recreation activities appeared to be important sources of litter to the area.

scholarly journals Caryophyllaeid infestations on the sex and size of Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
MS Chhanda ◽  
KJ Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Different Levels

An investigation was carried out on the caryophyllaeid infestations in walking catfish Clarias batrachus in relation to different sexes and size groups during August 2010 to July 2011. A total of 227 host fish were collected from different water bodies of Mymensingh for examination. Among them 188 C.batrachus were infested with 1432 parasites by five different caryophyllaeid cestodes species. Prevalence was 100% during November and December both in male and female hosts. In other period of the year, female were more infested. In male fishes, the highest intensity and abundance were recorded in December and index of infection in February. In female fishes, the lowest infestations were recorded during the months of August, September and October. Parasites showed different levels of infestations in different size groups of fishes. Higher prevalence was recorded in medium size fishes in winter and summer and smaller size fishes in autumn. However, the index of infestations and abundance were higher in same size group only in winter season. The lowest prevalence and mean intensity were recorded in rainy season and abundance was in summer in smaller size group of fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10792Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 56-59

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Beach Cleanliness Assessment to Support Marine Litter Management in Tropical Destinations

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3455
Author(s):  
Camilo M. Botero ◽  
Diana Tamayo ◽  
Seweryn Zielinski ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sound Management

In addition to its ecological and recreational relevance, beach cleanliness is also one of the five most important aspects (i.e., the “Big Five”) for beach visitors around the world. Nonetheless, few efforts have been carried out to guide the sound management of this rising issue. This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative method to assess the level of beach cleanliness, in order to allow managers to focus their attention on the environmental management of the most frequent and relevant types of litter in tropical areas. In a first step, a survey on users’ perception was applied to 361 beachgoers in eight beaches in Colombia to identify the most relevant types of beach litter and the weighting factors to obtain quantitative calculations. In a second step, the thirteen categories of litter identified were analyzed in relation to beach cleanliness, origin of litter, and environmental impact, to define its individual weighting importance. Some categories were also selected according to particularities of tropical countries, such as the presence of abundant natural vegetation debris and gross polystyrene items, largely transported by rivers in great quantities. In a third step, the method was then tested at eight beaches in the Caribbean coast of Colombia through a period of four months, during which 192 transect samplings were carried out. The qualitative module of the proposed technique, named Beach Litter Assessment Technique—Qualitative and Quantitative (BLAT-QQ), identified the main types of beach litter and the quantitative module gave an overview on the state of beach cleanliness. The method is demonstrated to be quick and effective in diagnosing beach cleanliness, providing a simple instrument to carry out sound environmental management actions in coastal destinations.

scholarly journals Drones can monitor beach litter 40x faster than people

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Trained Individual ◽  
Beach Litter

Marine litter is predominately plastic, which typically floats in water, causing much debris to wash up on the world’s beaches. While some studies have focused on estimating the total debris floating in the ocean, estimates of beached litter are typically only compiled at the local level. On beaches, marine litter is typically estimated visually -- often with a small group of trained volunteers who sample the debris within random transects. This process can take a few hours for each beach, thus scaling up to a considerable effort if one is intending to monitor long stretches of beach multiple times a year. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), colloquially known as drones, could offer a much faster and efficient monitoring process. The authors present a methodology for using drones to take pictures of beaches, and then using machine learning techniques to automatically count and categorize litter in these photos. Ideally, this methodology would take just one trained individual a few minutes to sample an entire beach.

scholarly journals JENIS PARASITOID TELUR HAMA Conopomorpha cramerella PADA TANAMAN KAKAO DI SULAWESI UTARA

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
D. Kandowangko ◽  
R. Engka ◽  
J. Rimbing
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Perfect Stage ◽  
North Sulawesi

Controllling of pestpopulationon cocoa fruitis moreeffectiveandefficientusingeggparasitoid.Parasitoidtype on cocoa fruit pestC. cramerella in North Sulawesi has not been investigated. Investigation ofparasitoid type on cocoa fruit pestC. cramerella in North Sulawesi was initiated by collecting cacao podsto observethe eggs ofCoryra cephalonicaandtrapingof itseggs. Samples of cocoa fruits were collectedthree times. Each collecting samples, the cocoa fruitswere gathered between 45-80each time.TheCoryra cephalonicaeggswere trapped between4000-600of each trapping. The result showed that only1-2eggsthat grew into theperfect stage, whereas eggs which were not grown to perfect stage were6-14eggs. The rest of the eggs were not grown.The finding indicated thatparasitoid type on cocoa fruitpestC. cramerella in North Sulawesiwas not found. Rainy season during collecting samples could causethe eggs of C. cramerellanot grown. ABSTRAKUntuk menekan populasi hama penggerek buah kakao yang lebih efektif dan efisien dapat dilakukandengan menggunakan parasitoid telur. Jenis parasitoid hama penggerek buah kakao, C. cramerella diSulawesi Utara belum diketahui. Untuk mendapatkan data parasitoid dilakukan pengambilan contohbuah untuk mengamati telur-telur C. cephalonica dan traping telur Coryra cephalonica. Lokasi penelitianadalah Desa Kumu Kabupaten Minahasa, Desa Sapa dan Pungkol Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan.Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga kali dengan mengambil contoh buah kakao 45 - 80 buah perpengambilan dan traping telur berkisar 4000 – 600 butir per peletakkan. Dari sejumlah telur yangditemukan hanya 1 – 2 butir yang berkembang menjadi sempurna, sedangkan telur yang tidakberkembang secara sempurna lebih tinggi berkisar antara 6 – 14 butir. Jumlah telur yang tidakberkembang secara sempurna cukup tinggi, hal ini merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas, sehinggabelum ditemukan parasitoid telur hama penggerek buah kakao. Selama penelitian berlangsung terjadimusim hujan, hal ini yang mungkin berpengaruh terhadap perlkembang telur C. cramerella.Pengambilan contoh pertama terdapat bekas telur-telur C. cramerella yang terparasit dan pada periodeterjadi musim kemarau. Demikian pula dengan melakukan traping telur, C. cephalonica padapertanaman kakao diketiga lokasi sebanyak 3 kali untuk setiap lokasi belum ditemukan parasitoid yangmemarasit telur C. cephalonica.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document