scholarly journals NOVEL COMBINATION OF TRISODIUM CITRATE AND TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE IN REACTIVE DYEING OF COTTON: AN ATTEMPT TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 901-909
Author(s):  
ANKIT SHARMA ◽  
JAVED SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Inorganic Electrolyte ◽  
The Individual

"Reactive dyes are most widely used for dyeing cellulosic fabrics due to their excellent wet fastness properties, the brilliancy of shades and a wide gamut of colours. However, the exhaustion of reactive dye requires a large quantity of inorganic electrolyte, which results in excessive total dissolved solids (TDS) values of the resultant effluent. Such high TDS-containing effluents are challenging to treat and require advanced treatment techniques. The discharge of high-TDS containing effluent into water-bodies can increase the salinity of the aquatic system, which can affect the delicate biochemistry of the aquatic life. This necessitates the exploration of alternative chemicals for reducing the TDS of the effluents in reactive dyeing. The current study explores the alternate combination of trisodium citrate (TSC) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) as an eco-friendly replacement of inorganic salts and alkali in the dyeing of cotton by the exhaust process. The TSC-TSP combination resulted in an insignificant variation in exhaustion, fixation and fastness ratings compared to the conventional salt-soda combination. The colour values showed marginal variations in the individual cases of dyes. However, the use of the TSC-TSP combination showed a great promise in reducing the TDS of the effluent (by 66%), which is a major concern in effluent treatment. TSC being organic, some increase in COD/BOD values was obtained; however, the effluent remained in a category of easily treatable ones. "

scholarly journals Application of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Thermal Ablation Therapy of Cancer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhannat Ashikbayeva ◽  
Daniele Tosi ◽  
Damir Balmassov ◽  
Emiliano Schena ◽  
Paola Saccomandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Thermal Ablation Therapy ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Tumor Region

Cancer is one of the major health issues with increasing incidence worldwide. In spite of the existing conventional cancer treatment techniques, the cases of cancer diagnosis and death rates are rising year by year. Thus, new approaches are required to advance the traditional ways of cancer therapy. Currently, nanomedicine, employing nanoparticles and nanocomposites, offers great promise and new opportunities to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment in combination with thermal therapy. Nanomaterials can generate and specifically enhance the heating capacity at the tumor region due to optical and magnetic properties. The mentioned unique properties of nanomaterials allow inducing the heat and destroying the cancerous cells. This paper provides an overview of the utilization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoshells, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, and other nanoparticles in the thermal ablation of tumors, demonstrating their advantages over the conventional heating methods.

scholarly journals Removal of nutrients from aquaculture residual water: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jéssica Mendonça Ribeiro Cargnin ◽  
Jair Juarez João
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Protein Rich

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing protein-rich foods, meeting the growing demand for fish. However, aquaculture is a potentially polluting activity, especially with regard to water pollution, due to the improper disposal of wastewater from the production process. Aquaculture wastewater is rich in nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus) and organic matter, and is commonly discharged into the environment without proper treatment. This can cause a series of environmental impacts and aggravate the current water crisis. Due to the importance and need to reduce environmental impacts, plan the use of water resources and achieve an efficient and sustainable production process, many researchers have focused their studies on effluent treatment techniques designed to remove these nutrients. This article therefore presents an updated review of the main physicochemical and biological techniques used in the removal of nutrients, which can mitigate environmental problems arising from aquaculture activities and contribute to the sustainability of the activity. Keywords: biological removal, nitrogen compounds, sustainable activity.

scholarly journals Scavenger receptors: a key player in cardiovascular diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. Ashraf ◽  
Anita Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe scavenger receptor (SR) super family consists of integral membrane glycoproteins that are involved in recognition of polyanionic structures of either endogenous (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein) or exogenous (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharides) origin. SRs are structurally diverse and can be classified into seven different classes (A–G) based on the multidomain structure of the individual members. SRs are present on various types of tissues, such as vascular, adipose, and steroidogenic tissues. In addition to modified lipoprotein uptake, these proteins are also known to regulate apoptotic cell clearance, initiate signal transduction, and serve as pattern recognition receptors for pathogens. Different SRs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes; more importantly, the function of SRs is highly implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Targeting the SR gene products that mediate the response to and uptake of modified lipids holds great promise in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of SR expression using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also appears to be an option for long-term therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of SRs in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the role of SRs is not restricted to vascular lesions; it is also implicated in a number of different cellular functions.

A Vision for Deeper Agency and Personalization in Micro-Credentials

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
Tara Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Workforce Readiness ◽  
Individual Learner ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
The Future ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Systems

Current systems of education, both K12 and postsecondary, are leaving learners unprepared for the future of work. Standardized, compliance-oriented approaches to teaching and learning are inequitable and are not responsive enough to meet individual learner needs. A learner-centered educational paradigm has emerged which seeks to disrupt traditional models of education by centering the individual needs of learners in all learning experiences. At the same time, the alternative educational model of micro-credentialing holds great promise to improve workforce readiness. While the fields of learner-centered education and micro-credentials are simultaneously gaining traction, their possible intersections have yet to be fully explored. Micro-credentials have the potential to ready learners for the future of work while providing a deeply relevant, learner-centered experience. This chapter lays out a vision for exactly what this might look like and why it matters for learners.

scholarly journals Study on dyeing behavior of banana fiber with reactive dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988447
Author(s):  
Subashini Balakrishnan ◽  
GL Dharmasri Wickramasinghe ◽  
UG Samudrika Wijayapala
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Banana Fibers

The objective of this research paper is to establish a suitable reactive dyeing process for banana fiber and comparison between dyeing behaviors of banana fibers with cotton fibers. Ambon (Cavendish type) banana variety was selected for this research study. Data accumulation is done by quantitative research methodology and experimental research strategies for this investigation; 5% enzyme and 6% H2O2-, 2% Na2SiO3-, and 3% NaOH-treated banana fibers were dyed with reactive dye. Banana fibers were dyed with three standard colors (red, blue, and yellow) each with four different concentrations (0.25, 1%, 4%, and 6%) of reactive dye. Testing was conducted to assess the color properties between pretreated banana fiber, dyed banana fiber, and cotton fiber. Color measurement was performed by using a Datacolour 600 spectrophotometers. The ΔE* values were used to determine the degree of color deterioration. Results showed that pretreated fibers become brighter (whiteness) than the raw banana fibers. Reflectance curves of dyed banana fibers were found similar to cotton in all the experiments and confirming the dye absorption tendency is more similar to cotton. Further results indicate that the dyeing behavior of banana is similar to cotton. Therefore, cotton dyeing process can be applied for the banana fibers. Dyeing of banana fiber was carried out with a reactive type of dye, which provided better washing fastness properties than cotton fibers.

The Adsorption Character of Kapok Fiber and Reactive Dyeing Technology on Modified Kapok Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ding ◽  
Zaisheng Cai ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Qunyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Direct Dyes ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Wash Fastness ◽  
Fixation Ratio

The adsorption character of kapok fiber with direct dyes and the dyeing technology of cationic modified kapok fiber with reactive dyes were studied in this article. The results indicate that the optimal dyeing technique parameters for the cationic modified kapok fiber with the reactive dye Cibacron FN-R include 0.5~1% (o.w.f) of dyes, 15~20g·L-1 of NaCl, and 2g·L-1 of JFC with bath ratio of 1:50 at a dyeing temperature of 40°C for 30min. The dyed kapok fiber was fixed with 15~20g·L-1 of Na2CO3 for 60min. As a result, the dye-uptake, fixation ratio, wash fastness, friction fastness, and K/S of cationic modified kapok fabric were enhanced by above technique.

scholarly journals Simultaneous reactive dyeing and surface modification of polyamide fabric with TiO2 precursor finish using a one-step hydrothermal process

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (22) ◽  
pp. 2611-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Baibing Han ◽  
Hailiang Wu ◽  
Ningtao Mao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
One Step

In this article, the approach of dyeing polyamide (PA) fabric by using C.I. Reactive Blue 19 dye and simultaneously modifying it with titanium dioxide precursor under hydrothermal conditions is developed. The anthraquinone-based Reactive Blue 19 dye, which is more resistant to biodegradation owing to its fused aromatic structure compared to an azo-based one, is utilized as a model compound in this research to demonstrate the photodegradation effect of TiO2 on reactive dyes. It is shown that a layer of TiO2 nanoparticles is homogeneously coated on fiber surfaces and their particle sizes are smaller than those remaining in the residual dyeing liquors. The crystallinity and optical properties of the resultant PA fabrics are changed due to this hydrothermal dyeing process. In comparison with the dyed-only PA fabrics, the PA fabrics dyed and simultaneously modified with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit better color fastness against artificial light (xenon) while maintain similar grades of color fastness against washing with soap, wet scrubbing, dry cleaning as well as dry/wet rubbing. While changes in tensile strength, elongation and water absorbency of the resultant PA fabrics were not found, the addition of tetrabutyl titanate in the dyeing liquor is proved to facilitate the reaction of reactive dye with PA fabric and the resultant PA fabric shade. More interestingly, it is noticed that the residual dyeing liquor can be photodegraded after 50 mins of either UV or visible light irradiation, and the dyeing wastewater can thus be released in an eco-friendly manner to the environment.

Interleukin-12, a New Anti-Tumor Cytokine

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Mier ◽  
Jared A. Gollob ◽  
Michael B. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cellular Immune

Of the numerous cytokines that have been isolated and characterized over the last several years, few have attracted as much attention as Interleukin-12 (IL-12). Since its discovery ten years ago, the intracellular signaling pathways activated by IL-12 have been identified, the individual components of the receptor cloned, and many of its effects on cellular immune function documented. Recombinant murine IL-12 has been subjected to extensive investigation in animal models of cancer and parasitic infection and shown great promise as an antitumor agent and a potential treatment for leishmaniasis. Preclinical data suggest that it may also be useful in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis and AIDS. Recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12) has recently entered Phase I and II clinical testing in cancer patients. The following is a brief review of the immunologic effects of IL-12, the results of animal studies, and data from recently completed clinical trials.

Farmers' attitudes towards sustainable agriculture issues and environmental quality in a selected area of Bangladesh

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Rahman ◽  
H. Mikuni
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe sustainability issues associated with agricultural development are a growing concern worldwide. This study focussed on farmers' attitudes about environmental degradation and long term productivity loss that may result from implementation of modern agricultural technologies. The study was conducted in a selected area of Bangladesh and field level data were collected from the sampled farmers through personal interviewing. Findings revealed that more than two-thirds of the farmers confronted either a medium or high level of environmental problems due to intensive cultivation. Their main concerns were stress on soil fertility, loss of essential aquatic life, and reduction of earthworms and other beneficial organisms in soil. The farmers' recommended solutions were production of high yielding crop varieties with conservation management practices, and the balanced use of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. To apply these techniques, the top expectation of the farmers was to receive subsidies for agricultural inputs, and get easy-term credit from the government or non-government organizations. Interestingly, just half the farmers in the study area possessed a less than favorable attitude towards sustainability issues of agricultural development. In other words, to them these issues were of low or marginal priority. Only 6% of them expressed a highly favorable attitude (high priority) and 44% expressed a moderate attitude. Based on correlations, the individual farmer's age, education, family size, organizational participation, television exposure, communication behavior and environmental problem confrontation were identified as the main determinants of their attitudes about sustainability issues. Hence, these factors should be considered when formulating programs and policies for agriculture development that aim for long-term sustainability.

The Globalization Paradox

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Oskar Gruenwald ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Globalization offers a comprehensive framework for addressing prospects for the peaceful evolution of people and societies in the Third Millennium, Global markets, trade and communications, along with science and technology, now drive social, economic, and political development, modernization, and cultural change. Globalization thus holds great promise of extending economic prosperity throughout the world. Paradoxically, globalization can also deepen the divisions between rich and poor nations, contribute to the revolution of rising expectations in the Third World, and exacerbate frustrations caused by the accelerated pace of socio-economic and political development and cultural change. The contemporary resurgence of religion reflects crisis of modemity--the loss of traditional anchoring of social, cultural, and ethical mores, self- and group identification and meaning. The key to a peaceful, democratic globalization is a successful modernization strategy which seeks to reconcile and conjoin the best elements of modernity and tradition, the individual and community, freedom and order, secularism and religion, democracy and authority.

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