Enhancement of reflection and backscattering components by plane wave imaging for estimation of surface roughness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tochigi ◽  
Ryo Nagaoka ◽  
Jens Erik Wilhjelm ◽  
Hideyuki Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Echo ◽  
Wave Imaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reflection Component

Abstract In the early stage of atherosclerosis, the luminal surface of the arterial wall becomes rough. Methods for distinguishing between the reflected and backscattered components in the ultrasonic echo from the arterial wall has the potential to be used as a method for assessment of the roughness of the arterial wall. In this study, we proposed a method to distinguish between the reflected and backscattered components using a technique based on plane wave compounding. This method was evaluated by experiments using planar phantoms with rough surfaces made of polyurethane rubber. The coefficient of variation calculated from the mean value of the reflection component and the standard deviation of the backscattering component was proportional to the roughness of the rubber phantom. This result shows the potential usefulness of this method for analyzing surface roughness of the arterial wall.

scholarly journals Utility of VSRAD for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in patients screened for dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052091727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Oshikubo ◽  
Akihisa Akahane ◽  
Aki Unno ◽  
Yukako Watanabe ◽  
Emi Ikebuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Objective To investigate the utility of the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD). Methods Clinical data from patients who underwent screening for dementia using VSRAD and the Japanese version of COGNISTAT, the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination, were retrospectively investigated to specify the domains of cognitive function that correlate with the statistical mean value of positive Z-scores in the target volume-of-interest (VOI). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the mean value of positive Z-scores in discriminating patients with AD. Results A total of 72 patients were included (18 male and 54 female; 15 patients with AD). The mean value of positive Z-scores in the target VOI was significantly correlated with standardized COGNISTAT scores for Orientation and Memory in all patients (r = –0.35 and –0.38, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed that a cut-off of 1.57 for mean value of positive Z-scores in the target VOI provided 69.4% accuracy in discriminating patients with AD, with a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.67. Conclusions The results evinced the value of VSRAD in diagnosing AD. The degree of atrophy represented by the target VOI may reflect impairments in Orientation and Memory, which are early stage symptoms observed in AD.

scholarly journals A comparison of selected dosimetric parameters of two Hodgkin Lymphoma radiotherapy techniques with reference to potential risk of radiation induced heart disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Elias Alibeyki ◽  
Saeid Karimkhani ◽  
Sepide Saadatmand ◽  
Parvaneh Shokrani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most frequent malignancies among pediatric patients. One of the common causes of death in HL survivors after radiation therapy (RT), is radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The aim of this study was to compare several dosimetric parameters for two methods of early stage Hodgkin lymphoma radiotherapy with reference to potential risk of RIHD. Materials and Methods: Using a series of computed tomography slices of 40 young patients, treatment planning was done in two methods of HL RT, including involved field (IFRT) and involved site (ISRT) in doses of 20, 30, and 35 Gy. Contouring of clinical target volume as well as the organs at risk, including the heart, was performed by a radiation oncologist. The mean and maximum dose of heart (Dheart-mean and Dheart-max), the volume of heart receiving a dose more than 25 Gy (V25), and the standard deviation of dose as a dose homogeneity index in heart, were used to compare the RIHD risk. Results: The mean value for Dheart-mean in ISRT method in all doses was less compare to IFRT. Maximum reduction in mean value of Dheart-mean occurred at moving from 30 Gy IFRT to ISRT by 9.53 Gy (p < 0.001) and minimum was between 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT. The mean value for Dheart-max was fewer in IFRT rather than ISRT and the maximum difference was between 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT (1.35 Gy). The mean of V25 of heart was 26.66% and 23.74% in 35 Gy IFRT and ISRT, respectively, and dose distribution was more homogeneous in IFRT. Conclusions: If Dheart-max and V25 of heart or homogeneity of dose distribution in heart are considered as determining factors in RIHD, then IFRT can be considered optimum, especially in 35 Gy IFRT; while, assuming the Dheart-mean as the most important factor in RIHD, superiority of ISRT over IFRT is observed.

Mucosal wave measurements in the diagnosis of functional dysphonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Szkiełkowska ◽  
Paulina Krasnodębska ◽  
Beata Miaśkiewicz ◽  
Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽  
Anna Domeracka-Kolodziej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Functional Dysphonia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wave Imaging ◽  
The Mean

ntroduction: The publication describes the characteristics of the glottis in FDs objectified by OQ, measured with VSK and EGG. Aim: The aim of the study was to objectify glottal function in different types of FDs. The scope was to use open quotients gained from various mucosal wave imaging techniques for differential diagnosis of FDs. Material and Method: The study included 204 individuals. In the study, each patient underwent otolaryngological and phoniatric examination. LVS, EGG and VSK were conducted, their results were recorded and stored using an EndoSTROB-DX- -Xion GmbH (Berlin) device with DIVAS software. Results: All patients with FDs had abnormalities in LVS. A statistical analysis showed differences in LVS characteristics according to the type of FD. The mean value of OQVSK was 0.521 in the control group and 0.565 in the study group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found between patients with hypofunctional – 0.584 and hyperfunctional dysphonia – 0.55. The QOQEGG mean value in patients with FDs was 0.581 and in the control group 0.549 (P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences between groups of patients with hyper- and hypofunctional dysphonias. Medians amounted to 0.574 and 0.604, respectively. Authors observed different relations of OQ with the type of FD. They decided to introduce a new parameter, illustrating the proportion of QOQEGG/OQVSK. Conclusions: Videostrobokymographic and electroglottographic open quotients differentiate euphony from dysphony. The value of OQVSK and QOQEGG and their proportion varies depending on different types of functional dysphonias. The OQVSK and QOQEGG should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of voice.

Study on Ground Surface Roughness of Engineering Ceramics Based on Grayscale Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Xin Li Tian ◽  
Jian Quan Wang ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Ke Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Engineering Ceramics ◽  
Acquisition Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Ground Surface Roughness

Surface roughness is one of the key factors to evaluate the grinding quality for engineering ceramics. This study introduces a new method based on grayscale information of surface images, to assess and predict the roughness of ground ceramics rapidly and effectively. The investigation sets the functional parameters of digital acquisition device as Brightness 140, Contrast 42, Saturation 24 and Acutance 9. Afterwards, it selects the mean value and the mean square deviation to describe surface roughness, and some image processing techniques are adopted to reduce noises and enhance the images. Lastly, it gives the relation curves on Ra，Rz，Ry versus grayscale information, and concludes a direct proportion law between the grayscale information and ground surface roughness.

scholarly journals Accumulation distribution in terre adélie, antarctica: effect of meteorological parameters

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (112) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pettre ◽  
J.F. Pinglot ◽  
M. Pourchet ◽  
L. Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Almost Periodic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Terre Adélie ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractAlong the 1040 km extending from Cape Prud’homme (lat. 66°41’S., long. 139°55’ E.), near Dumont d’Urville station, to Dome C (lat. 74°39’S., long. 124°10’E.), the variations in annual accumulation can be analysed by a division of the entire data set into three sub-sets depending on the types of measurements and the character of the spatial distribution. Along the first 33 km, from the coast to stake E40, annual measurements show considerable inter-annual variability, 52% of which can be explained by the spatio-temporal homogeneity of the balance distribution. However, we obtain a better result (64%) for the fluctuation homogeneity standardized using the standard deviation. This means that there is a strong space-time dis-tribution structure, characterized by an equal variation of the balance around the mean value specific to each location. This is so in spite of the existence of considerable surface roughness (sastrugi), the influence of which should be reduced by averaging values around each stake. From stake E40 to stake R60, a distance of 170 km, the almost periodic oscillations in the accumulation with a wavelength close to 40 km can be explained by the formation of a gravity-inertia wave, disturbing the geostrophic equilibrium, occurring at the break in slope 200 km from the coast. The very low values of accumulation for stakes D55 and D58S show that the oscillations were almost stationary during the study period (about 25 years). Finally, along the 840 km from stake R60 to Dome C we can observe a decrease in accumulation resulting from the decrease in mean temperature.

Paper 18: Graphical Method for Statistical Assessment of Surface Roughness Comparison Specimens

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (11) ◽  
pp. 368-396
Author(s):  
O. A. Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Probability Paper ◽  
The Mean

To judge the quality of surface roughness specimens two criteria are particularly important: the deviation of the mean value from the nominal value, and the scatter within the specimens. These criteria may be read very easily, and without any mathematical expedients, from graphs on probability paper. The practical use of probability paper is explained. From the evaluation of the results it is seen that the behaviour of certain instruments is such that the influence of instrument cut-off is contradictory to the theory and the opposite of the behaviour of other instruments. An attempt is made to explain this phenomenon, and an extension to the relevant standards is proposed which would ensure that all instruments conforming to the same standard would also yield the same results. Finally, possible methods are mentioned which would enable instruments to be checked in these respects, in order to ascertain whether they possess the required characteristics.

Muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor autoantibody in patients with systemic sclerosis: contribution to severe gastrointestinal tract dysmotility

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kawaguchi ◽  
Y Nakamura ◽  
I Matsumoto ◽  
E Nishimagi ◽  
T Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Group 1

Objective:Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated by severe gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysmotility at an early stage are difficult to treat and mortality is high. To clarify the pathogenesis of GIT involvement, the occurrence of autoantibody was investigated for muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor (M3R) in patients with SSc.Methods:Fourteen patients with severe GIT involvement (malabsorption syndrome and/or pseudo-obstruction) within 2 years of SSc onset (group 1) were enrolled in the present study. Sixty-two patients with SSc without severe GIT involvement within 2 years of onset (group 2) were also recruited, along with 70 healthy control subjects. Using an established enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system detecting autoantibody against the second loop domain of M3R, the presence of an anti-M3R antibody was examined in SSc patients.Results:The mean optical density (OD) titres of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2 (0.65 (SD 0.58) vs 0.066 (SD 0.13), p<0.001). The positivity of anti-M3R antibody was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (9/14 vs 3/62, p = 2.5 × 10−6 by Fisher’s exact test). The cutoff OD was calculated from the EIA reaction of the 70 healthy controls (the mean value plus 2 SD was 0.295).Conclusion:The findings indicated that anti-M3R antibody very frequently appears in patients with SSc, which is accompanied by severe GIT involvement, suggesting that M3R-mediated enteric cholinergic neurotransmission may provide a pathogenic mechanism for GIT dysmotility in SSc.

scholarly journals The Low umbilical cord Zinc levels Lead to Atopic Allergic Infants : a Cohort study during 0-4 months of Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Sri Priyantini ◽  
Suprihati ◽  
Nyoman Suci Widyastiti ◽  
Soemantri
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: The research on association between differentiation of Th1 and Th2 were previously conducted on experimental animals. The study on association between umbilical cord zinc and the risk of allergy symptoms during early stage of life has not been conducted in Indonesia. Studies on zinc and allergies are commonly investigated during adulthood and the results are still contradictive. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the extent of zinc’s role in the emergence of atopic allergy symptoms during the first 4 months age Methods: This prospective cohort study includes consecutive 80 healthy newborns followed up for 4 months after birth at Semarang Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital and Bangetayu Primary Health Care. Hypothesis testing were analyzed with unpaired t-test , chi-square test or fisher’s test Results: The mean value of cord blood zinc in allergic infants were significantly lower when compared with non atopic allergy (74.1 ± 17.3 μg / dL vs 91.5 ± 22.6 μg / dL, p=0.029). Very early formula feeding were 4.4 times more at risk of suffering from allergies(p=0.023). Conclusion: Umbilical cord zinc levels are associated with atopic allergy symptoms for the first 4 months of life. Formula feeding before 1 month of age was associated with atopic allergic infants Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.114-121

scholarly journals Accumulation distribution in terre adélie, antarctica: effect of meteorological parameters

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (112) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pettre ◽  
J.F. Pinglot ◽  
M. Pourchet ◽  
L. Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Almost Periodic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Terre Adélie ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractAlong the 1040 km extending from Cape Prud’homme (lat. 66°41’S., long. 139°55’ E.), near Dumont d’Urville station, to Dome C (lat. 74°39’S., long. 124°10’E.), the variations in annual accumulation can be analysed by a division of the entire data set into three sub-sets depending on the types of measurements and the character of the spatial distribution. Along the first 33 km, from the coast to stake E40, annual measurements show considerable inter-annual variability, 52% of which can be explained by the spatio-temporal homogeneity of the balance distribution. However, we obtain a better result (64%) for the fluctuation homogeneity standardized using the standard deviation. This means that there is a strong space-time dis-tribution structure, characterized by an equal variation of the balance around the mean value specific to each location. This is so in spite of the existence of considerable surface roughness (sastrugi), the influence of which should be reduced by averaging values around each stake. From stake E40 to stake R60, a distance of 170 km, the almost periodic oscillations in the accumulation with a wavelength close to 40 km can be explained by the formation of a gravity-inertia wave, disturbing the geostrophic equilibrium, occurring at the break in slope 200 km from the coast. The very low values of accumulation for stakes D55 and D58S show that the oscillations were almost stationary during the study period (about 25 years). Finally, along the 840 km from stake R60 to Dome C we can observe a decrease in accumulation resulting from the decrease in mean temperature.

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