scholarly journals The Efek Neuroprotektif Kafein terhadap Fungsi Motorik pada Penyakit Parkinson

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa Berawi ◽  
◽  
Ilham Nugroho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Reactive Microglia ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed drinks in the world and has become a routine part of everyday life. Coffee is known to be a stimulant because of its high caffeine content. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the clinical presentation of motor and non-motor disorders. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease which is regulated by reactive microglia and causes neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Consumption of caffeine can exert anti-inflammatory effects on nerves in a variety of pathological conditions. Method: The method used is a literature study from various national and international journals. This method is used with the aim of summarizing a current topic in order to increase an understanding. The literature study restates previously published material and reports new facts or analyzes from relevant literature studies and then compares the results in the article. Results: Caffeine can act as a neuroprotective against the development of Parkinson's disease by keeping the blood-brain barrier intact so that the function of the central nervous system remains stable. Caffeine can improve motor function in Parkinson's disease patients by modulating adenosine A2AR receptors at different doses. Caffeine as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is given together with Trihexyphenidyl (THP) which is an anti-Parkinson's agent that has been used clinically to treat Parkinson's disease. Conclusion: Caffeine is a neuroprotective agent that is widely available and can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with current therapies. However, the correct dosage and safety of caffeine are of particular concern, especially when given at high doses for a period of time and concurrently with other Parkinson's drugs.

scholarly journals Istradefylline to Treat Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Experiencing “Off” Episodes: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
Amnon A. Berger ◽  
Ariel Winnick ◽  
Alexandra Welschmeyer ◽  
Alicia Kaneb ◽  
Kevin Berardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Standard Of Care Treatment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Adenosine A2a

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and peripherally; the syndromic parkinsonism symptoms of movement disorder, gait disorder, rigidity and tremor are mostly driven by the loss of these neurons in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients taking levodopa, the standard of care treatment for PD, will begin to experience a decrease in effectiveness at varying times. These periods, referred to as “off episodes”, are characterized by increased symptoms and have a detrimental effect on quality of life and disability. Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, is indicated as a treatment addition to levodopa/carbidopa in patients experiencing “off episodes”. It promotes dopaminergic activity by antagonizing adenosine in the basal ganglia. This review will discuss istradefylline as a treatment for PD patients with off episodes.

scholarly journals Doença de Parkinson: Tratamentos Complementares e Qualidade de Vida

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sabrina Gabriela Calderaro ◽  
Janete Lane Amadei ◽  
Carolina Cella Conter
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Physical Independence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Demographical Data ◽  
Disease Questionnaire ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease Questionnaire

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é um transtorno neurodegenerativo progressivo do sistema nervoso central, caracterizado clinicamente por tremor de repouso, rigidez, bradicinesia, instabilidade postural e distúrbios da marcha, apresentando também manifestações não motoras como depressão, distúrbios autonômicos e demência. Essas manifestações causam declínio funcional, dificultando a execução das atividades de vida diária e resultando em diminuição da independência física e da qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos tratamentos complementares, como fisioterapia, hidroterapia e fonoaudiologia na qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com doença de Parkinson residentes em Maringá e região. Para o estudo foi aplicado questionário contendo dados sócio-demográficos e de hábitos de vida e o instrumento Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire PDQ-39 para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Das pessoas entrevistadas, a maioria era mulheres (55,0%), maiores de 60 anos (60,0%), com 8 a 12 anos de estudo (40%). A maioria convive com a doença há menos de dez anos (55%), sendo que 70% do total de entrevistados realizam exercícios físicos, com grande parte tendo começado a realizar os exercícios há menos de 10 anos (79%). Foi constatado que os pacientes que fazem tratamento com fisioterapia, hidroterapia e fonoaudiologia, quando comparados aos que não fazem, têm melhor qualidade de vida. Ficou clara a participação positiva da atividade física para o bem-estar das pessoas com DP. Parkinson´s Disease: Complementary Treatments and Life Quality ABSTRACT: Parkinson´s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system clinically diagnosed by trembling, rigidity, bradykinesia, posture unstableness and gait troubles featuring difficulties in daily activities and decrease in physical independence and life quality. Current paper verifies the influence of complementary treatments such as physiotherapy, hydrotherapy and phonoaudiology in the life quality of people with Parkinson´s disease in Maringá PR Brazil. A questionnaire with social and demographical data and habits, coupled to Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire PDQ-39 to evaluate life quality were provided. Interviewed people were mostly females (55.0%), over 60 years old (60.0%), with 8 - 12 years schooling (40%). Most of the diseased people had the disease for the last ten years (55%); 70% of interviewed people practice physical exercises, most of them started exercises less than ten years ago (79%). Results show that patients treated with physiotherapy, hydrotherapy and phonoaudiology have a better life quality when compared to those who do not practice these activities. The positive participation of physical activity in the welfare of PD patients is evident.

scholarly journals Kajian potensi antioksidan dari tanaman herbal dan pengaruhnya terhadap penyakit Parkinson

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Indri Nuraeni Pratiwi ◽  
◽  
Widhya Aligita ◽  
Marita Kaniawati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Neuron Damage ◽  
Herbal Plants

Background: Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. This disease is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuron damage in the substantia nigra. This damage can be triggered by aging and the presence of oxidative stress because of free radicals. Antioxidants can inhibit the formation of free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, so they can be used as an alternative treatment for Parkinson's disease. Objective: This review article aimed to provide information about the antioxidant effects of selected herbal plants on Parkinson's disease. Method: This study used literature study methods sourced from national and international scientific journals published in the last 5 years (2016-2020). Literature search were carried out using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect, and Garuda Portal. Results: The high content of antioxidants in plants could protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and reduce symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, impaired coordination and motor balance in test animals. Conclusion: Natural antioxidants from herbal plants proved to be able to prevent oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Keywords: Parkinson's disease, antioxidants, oxidative stress, herbal plants

Palliative care in non-malignant neurological disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 619-636
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Urogenital Dysfunction ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Incomplete Bladder Emptying

This chapter covers the palliative care aspects of non-malignant neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, motor neurone disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. MS is a disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination affecting the central nervous system and ultimately injury and gliosis. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, with an estimated incidence of 2/1000. It affects just under 1% of people over the age of 65 years. PD is probably not one disease but several with common clinical features. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Parkinsonian features, plus autonomic dysfunction in the form of orthostatic hypotension, and/or urogenital dysfunction in the form of incontinence and incomplete bladder emptying. At times it can also include cerebellar symptoms. It is not hereditary, and affects adults usually in the fourth or fifth decade. Post-mortem studies of patients diagnosed with PD indicate that 10–25% had multiple system atrophy.

scholarly journals Gene and Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease: Where Are We?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Buttery ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that carries large health and socioeconomic burdens. Current therapies for PD are ultimately inadequate, both in terms of symptom control and in modification of disease progression. Deep brain stimulation and infusion therapies are the current mainstay for treatment of motor complications of advanced disease, but these have very significant drawbacks and offer no element of disease modification. In fact, there are currently no agents that are established to modify the course of the disease in clinical use for PD. Gene and cell therapies for PD are now being trialled in the clinic. These treatments are diverse and may have a range of niches in the management of PD. They hold great promise for improved treatment of symptoms as well as possibly slowing progression of the disease in the right patient group. Here, we review the current state of the art for these therapies and look to future strategies in this fast-moving field.

scholarly journals Current treatment options for Parkinson’s disease and the existing status of nanotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423
Author(s):  
Kannekanti Teja ◽  
Asha Spandana K M ◽  
Amit B Patil1 ◽  
Vishakante Gowda D ◽  
Narahari Rishitha
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with dopaminergic neuron degeneration and/or loss of neuronal activity. Current idiopathic PD treatments focus primarily on the use of pharmacological agents to improve PD patients ' motor symptoms. PD remains to be an incurable disease so far. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches for PD therapy is of utmost significance. Several molecular and gene therapy methods have been established over the past 20 years to counteract or retard the development of PD. Severe side effects are found in many native therapies. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies remain in demand for development. Nanomedicine seems to be a significant medical application in nanotechnology that demonstrates promising future in drug delivery to the central nervous system. BBB stands throughout the central nervous system as a gateway to drug targeting. Drug delivery, based on nano-particles that always avoids Blood-Brain Barrier protection, Different potential therapies based on nanoparticles and nanosystems are explored various benefits. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of this field of PD-related therapies and significant breakthroughs. To do so, this review will begin by concentrating on PD characterization, pathophysiology, etiology and present therapy choices that subsequently cover molecular, gene therapy, and nanotechnology formulations that are currently being studied in animal PD models or lately tested in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Evaluating Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Vitamin C Treatment on a Parkinson’s Disease Fly Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huynh Man Anh ◽  
Dao My Linh ◽  
Vuu My Dung ◽  
Dang Thi Phuong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Doses

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and characterized by progressive locomotive defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons (DA neuron). Currently, there is no potent therapy to cure PD, and the medications merely support to control the symptoms. It is difficult to develop an effective treatment, since the PD onset mechanism of PD is still unclear. Oxidative stress is considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases, and there is increasing evidence for the association between PD and oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant treatment may be a promising therapy for PD. Drosophila with knockdown of dUCH, a homolog of UCH-L1 which is a PD-related gene, exhibited PD-like phenotypes including progressive locomotive impairments and DA neuron degeneration. Moreover, knockdown of dUCH led to elevated level of ROS. Thus, dUCH knockdown flies can be used as a model for screening of potential antioxidants for treating PD. Previous studies demonstrated that curcumin at 1 mM and vitamin C at 0.5 mM could improve PD-like phenotypes induced by this knockdown. With the purpose of further investigating the efficiency of vitamin C in PD treatment, we used dUCH knockdown Drosophila model to examine the dose- and time-dependent effects of vitamin C on PD-like phenotypes. The results showed that although vitamin C exerted neuroprotective effects, high doses of vitamin C and long-term treatment with this antioxidant also resulted in side effects on physiology. It is suggested that dose-dependent effects of vitamin C should be considered when used for treating PD.

The Role of Exercise in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Mallory Emig ◽  
Tikku George ◽  
Justin K. Zhang ◽  
Momina Soudagar-Turkey
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. While it primarily affects motor function, patients eventually develop non-motor symptoms including depression, anxiety, and eventually dementia. Although there is currently no cure, treatment is aimed largely at improving quality of life though medication or surgical techniques to reduce motor symptoms. However, there is vast evidence of the benefits of physical activity as adjunct therapy for Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we analyze 31 studies or reviews and highlight the role of exercise and rehabilitation in PD treatment. This study serves to provide clinicians with a comprehensive resource of the wide variety of exercises with proven benefit for patients affected by Parkinson’s disease. Specifically, patients report significant improvements in motor function, cognition, mood and sleep habits.

Neurotrophic factors hold promise for the future of Parkinson’s disease treatment: is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Nasrolahi ◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Abolfazl Akbarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Karimipour ◽  
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Current Therapies

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a spectrum of clinicopathologic signs and a complex etiology. PD results from the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra. Current therapies for PD are only able to alleviate symptoms without stopping disease progression. In addition, the available therapeutic strategies do not have long-lasting effects. Furthermore, these therapies cause different ranges of adverse side effects. There is great interest in neurotrophic factors (NTFs) due to their ability to promote the survival of different neural cells. These factors are divided into four families: neurotrophins, neurokines, the glial cell line-derived NTF family of ligands, and the newly recognized cerebral DA NTF/mesencephalic astrocyte-derived NTF family. The protective and therapeutic effects of these factors on DAergic neurons make them suitable for the prevention of progressive cell loss in PD. Based on the above premise, we focus on the protective effects of NTFs, especially CDNF and MANF, on nigrostriatal DAergic neurons in PD.

Rapid Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease from Sebum using Paper Spray Ionisation Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Depanjan Sarkar ◽  
Drupad Trivedi ◽  
Eleanor Sinclair ◽  
Sze Hway Lim ◽  
Caitlin Walton-Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Paper Spray ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Validation Set

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder for which identification of robust biomarkers to complement clinical PD diagnosis would accelerate treatment options and help to stratify disease progression. Here we demonstrate the use of paper spray ionisation coupled with ion mobility mass spectrometry (PSI IM-MS) to determine diagnostic molecular features of PD in sebum. PSI IM-MS was performed directly from skin swabs, collected from 34 people with PD and 30 matched control subjects as a training set and a further 91 samples from 5 different collection sites as a validation set. PSI IM-MS elucidates ~ 4200 features from each individual and we report two classes of lipids (namely phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin) that differ significantly in the sebum of people with PD. Putative metabolite annotations are obtained using tandem mass spectrometry experiments combined with accurate mass measurements. Sample preparation and PSI IM-MS analysis and diagnosis can be performed ~5 minutes per sample offering a new route to for rapid and inexpensive confirmatory diagnosis of this disease.

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