scholarly journals Psychoanalytical Disclosure of Karan Bajaj’s Keep off the Grass and Johnny Gone Down

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5280-5282
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Conscious Mind ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Inner World

Psychoanalytic criticism, one of the branches of literary criticism, uses the methods and techniques of psychoanalysis proposed by an Austrian, Sigmund Freud to interpret literature, primarily the characters in a work of art. According to Sigmund Freud — whose contribution to the field of psychology is large in quantity, and huge in number — unconscious is a part of mind, which is beyond conscious mind, but has a great deal of impact upon human actions. Freud divided a person’s personality into three levels: ego, super-ego, and id, respectively, the consciousness, the conscience, and the unconsciousness. The Id is humans’ psychological energy which is derived from instinctual needs and drives. The Ego is the organized mediator between inner world of a person and reality of the world outside. The Super ego is conscious mind of humans that acts according to the social norms and moral principles. This article focuses on the conflict among id, ego, and super ego of Samrat, the protagonist of Keep of the Grass and Johnny of Johnny Gone Down.

Public Health and a President’s Racism

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This chapter addresses how racism presents a clear threat to the health of populations. In 2018, President Donald Trump made racist comments toward countries with predominantly nonwhite populations. Why did the president’s racism matter for the health of the public? To answer this question, one needs to understand where health comes from. Health is the product of the social, economic, and cultural context in which people live. This context is also shaped by social norms that do much to determine people’s behaviors and their consequences. Changing these norms can produce both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, changing norms can promote health, by making unacceptable unhealthy conditions and behaviors that were once common, even celebrated. On the negative side, changing norms for the worse can empower elements of hate in society. When a president promotes hate, it shifts norms, suggesting that hate does in fact have a place in the country and the world. This opens the door to more hate crimes, more exclusion of minority groups from salutary resources, and little to no effort to address racial health gaps.

scholarly journals The Menagerie or the Visitor’s Pass? Aleksandra Zrazhevskaia and Praskov’ia Bakunina on Russian Women Writers

2007 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Diana Greene
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Literary Exchange ◽  
Literary Movements

This article examines an 1842 literary exchange between Aleksandra Zrazhevskaia (1805-1867) and Praskov’ia Bakunina (1810-1880?) concerning the place of women writers in nineteenth-century Russian literature. It is followed by a translation of the exchange itself. Zrazhevskaia’s “Zverinets” (The Menagerie), a formally innovative work of literary criticism addressed in part to Bakunina, challenged the social norms that discouraged women’s writing, as well as the men literary critics who enforced them. In a verse epistle response, Bakunina repudiated Zrazhevskaia’s ideas, maintaining that Russian men critics will extend hospitality and courtesy to women writers who comport themselves as guests in the men’s club of Russian letters. The exchange raises questions about the critical reception of women writers in mid nineteenth-century Russia, women as literary critics, and the gendering of nineteenth century literary movements and aesthetics, which are discussed in relation to the wider pan-European literary climate of the time.

scholarly journals The Speech Al- Hajaji And His Social Links: A Sociolinguistic Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Asst. Prof. Nima Dahash Farhan Al-Taie (Ph.D)
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Kinetic Activity ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Independent Process

The formation of ideas is not an independent process, but a part of the rules in particular, which differ by a little or a lot about another language rules, we look at the world and we are watching, to shape perceptions, ensue in our minds; and this means that the primary role in arranging these impressions have stable linguistic systems in our minds, and then varied and became multiple. Speech patterns depend on those impressions, and the function of the association. It is combined with the utter speech mostly, such as: the cultural and moral discourse, and speech - orbital, and so on; so colorful speech definitions are indeed communicative socially, combines say not accomplish, so it has become communicative.  An important social feature is nothing of the dispersion, regarding its richness and breadth of the classification and significance. Hence, we focused our conversation as a speech character of social norms, carved up social and linguistic acts, and dominate the kinetic activity mentally and socially. It is truly that he established rich discourse and scientific domains. Accordingly the study is worth studying and investigating. The first part deals with the sociolinguistic approach of the Al-Hajaj with tangible evidence. It is of twofold: : The first section is /The movement of Al Hajaj from the self to the social. The second section / Al- Hajaj diversity and his speech mechanisms..  The second part:  / properties Hajaji discourse and communicative techniques; it is also divided into two sections: The first section / characteristics of Al-Hajaji speech. The second section /Al-Hajaji speech and techniques

scholarly journals Othello, “Dull Moor” of Cyprus: Reading Racial Trauma and War Trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ramazani ◽  
Naghmeh Fazlzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Racial Trauma ◽  
Tragic Hero ◽  
The World ◽  
Trauma Victims ◽  
Talking Cure

In 1980, American Psychiatrists Association announced that trauma is a mental disorder under the term of PTSD. By that time, trauma became a popular field of study for the literary scholars specially literary critics such as Cathy Caruth, as it offered new insights into traditional literary criticism. The increase of psychological and physical violence all over the world, in the last twenty years has made trauma and witness inevitable realities of life. The evident role of “testimony” and “talking cure” had already been demonstrated by scholars such as Sigmund Freud; but then it has become clear that literature can reflect and even cure the unspeakable pains of trauma victims. This article is an attempt to show that Shakespeare‟s Othello is affected by different sorts of unresolved traumas such as racial and war traumas. The writers of this paper have tried to show that the unresolved traumas of a tragic hero can cause tragic ends and affect other characters in the play. The findings of this article might bring about a change in the way we discover and treat the trauma victims. The main conclusion which can be drawn from this research is that not being appropriately heard and diagnosed, Othello, a representative of real racial trauma victims, is bewildered in the clash of knowing and not knowing, between the knowledge of a past event and the inability to understand its frequent reenactments; and this leads to his tragic end.

scholarly journals From Searching for Cultural Integrity to Symbolism of Temple Building and the Organic Picture of Reality

Bohemistyka ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 437-457
Author(s):  
Jan VOREL
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
Cultural Integrity ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Understanding

The article is focused mainly on aesthetic-philosophical constants of the work of art of Julius Zeyer. The author of the article tries to point out that Zeyer´s conception of art is tightly connected with artistic conceptions of the rising literary symbolistic generation: His aesthetic-philosophical system contains strong protest against rationalism, realism and naturalism in contemporary literature and underlines the way to subconscious roots of human existence; it turns away from rational understanding of the world and the mystical intuition of inner and organic life in modern literature. In the article the motifs of temple building and motifs of creating the organic picture of the world in Zeyer´s work of art are analysed. The article also contains main references to Zeyer´s work of art published by reputable names of the Czech and European literary criticism.

Tact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Russell
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Walter Pater ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The social practice of tact was an invention of the nineteenth century, a period when Britain was witnessing unprecedented urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. In an era when more and more people lived more closely than ever before with people they knew less and less about, tact was a new mode of feeling one's way with others in complex modern conditions. This book traces how the essay genre came to exemplify this sensuous new ethic and aesthetic. It argues that the essay form provided the resources for the performance of tact in this period and analyzes its techniques in the writings of Charles Lamb, John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, and Walter Pater. The book shows how their essays offer grounds for a claim about the relationship among art, education, and human freedom—an “aesthetic liberalism”—not encompassed by traditional political philosophy or in literary criticism. For these writers, tact is not about codes of politeness but about making an art of ordinary encounters with people and objects and evoking the fullest potential in each new encounter. The book demonstrates how their essays serve as a model for a critical handling of the world that is open to surprises, and from which egalitarian demands for new relationships are made. Offering fresh approaches to thinking about criticism, sociability, politics, and art, the book concludes by following a legacy of essayistic tact to the practice of British psychoanalysts like D. W. Winnicott and Marion Milner.

Parallelisms and affectivity in the negotiation of optimal social proximity

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Rosália Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Communicative Gestures

Abstract This paper explores the ways in which speakers exchange information about themselves, and the world around them, in order to create an optimal social space in which interaction and engagement may be successfully accomplished. Success, in turn, the paper argues, depends on speakers making communicative gestures that involve the expression of certain aspects of their inner world: their preferences, attitudes, interests, beliefs, characterizations, points of view, values, assessments, likes, dislikes, and related notions that are rooted in how they feel about the world. Drawing from multi-party conversational data, the paper argues that resonance is one of the most productive outlets for the construction of ordinary evaluative/emotive stances. In fact, it is through the social practice of resonance itself that the amorphous and subtle nature of affect and emotions takes shape. The utterances that are selected for resonance, the subsequent resonant patterns, and the frequency in which the pattern is reproduced in order to secure the intended meaning are also briefly addressed in the paper.

Paradygmat konstrukcjonizmu społecznego w badaniach nad starością i starzeniem się

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Marcin Muszyński
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods And Techniques

Research methodology has recently been reduced to using research methods and techniques that are perceived only as ready-to-use tools. Paradigmatic issues become of secondary importance and left unsaid in research work or replaced by a multi-paradigm approach characterised by pluralist ontology and epistemology. The paradigm consists of assumptions and fundamental beliefs and represents a worldview that defines the nature of the world. It helps to justify the use of selected methods and techniques. The article aims to present the social constructionism paradigm and its application in old age and aging research.

scholarly journals Interactions on Facebook and Twitter: A Communicative Action Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Sopuruchi Christian Aboh ◽  
Obiageli Chika Ezeudo
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Theory Of Communicative Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
World Concept

The study examines interactions on Facebook and Twitter from a communicative action perspective. The objectives of this study are to: identify the nature of action(s) by interlocutors on Facebook and Twitter and examine the world(s) portrayed by these interlocutors. The study adopts Habermas’ theory of communicative action to study the nature of actions and the three-world concept that exist among users of Facebook and Twitter. Insights from interpersonal pragmatics and politeness were also found useful in the analysis of data. A total number of 275 messages were used comprising five posts from Facebook with randomly selected 165 comments and three tweets with randomly selected 102 comments. The research observes that most participants on Facebook and Twitter acted or commented strategically in the sense that the stance they took were motivated by reasons and facts and not merely opinions or emotions. The findings also reveal that many interactants showed that they operate in the objective world by abiding by the social norms and facts.

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