scholarly journals Malaysia's Multidimensional Efforts to Implement New Innovation Paradigms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Innovation Paradigms ◽  
Government Innovation

Malaysia is one of the developing countries which has the fastest growth rate. It is in its last miles to achieve its goal to become a high-income advanced nation by 2020. The country has enormously reduced its poverty rate and curtailed its inequality gap shaped by various policies and initiatives. With the rate of the poor is now less than one percent, the focus has reoriented to elevate the bottom 40 percent (B40) households to middle-income households. Various initiatives have been strategised to address the B40 which also include innovation initiatives that are aimed at addressing the marginalised in Malaysia. The initiatives seek to provide the marginalised with better access to services and products and job opportunities by empowering them to contribute to society. Hence, this paper seeks to take stock the government policy measures as well as the initiatives by reviewing the relevant documents. The findings show that the existing government innovation efforts are aligned with the national and global agenda on sustainable development, where inclusivity and sustainability remain as its main agenda. The authors proposed an integrated framework of implementation to serve as a tool to guide policymakers for better implementation in the future

scholarly journals Uniting the Nation- Rethinking Adversity of the Poor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyang Yu ◽  
Joseph Vignolini
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Childhood Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
American Children

A root cause of today’s social tensions and divisions rest with poverty. Studies suggest that that individuals who grow up in poverty-stricken families are much more likely to be in poverty during their early adulthood, and the poverty rate in African American children is astoundingly high. This paper adopts data science approaches to identify drivers behind childhood poverty in the United States, and finds that these factors tend to reinforce each other and go hand in hand with poverty. Specifically, common factors are found to be driving childhood poverty, a weak healthcare system, inadequate education resources, lack of public safety infrastructure and insufficient job opportunities. The current social safeguard framework, supported by both the government and private institutions, appears fragmented and lacks the necessary alignment across healthcare, education, public safety and job creation. The study shows that barring a systematic approach to address the drivers of childhood poverty, the poverty problem is unlikely to be fundamentally addressed. Building on these findings, the paper calls for a number of mutually coherent policies, including introducing a more effective financing scheme for the children in poverty, creating an enabling job market environment for the poor, reforming the funding pattern of schools, creating a safe environment for all children, and enhancing health services for those living in poverty.

Children Living in Poverty: Their Perception of Career Opportunities

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Weinger
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Projective Techniques ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Poor Children

Growing up in poverty often diminishes a child's opportunity to pursue a rewarding career path. This qualitative study explored whether poor children are aware that their wealthier peers' chances for success may be greater than their own. Projective techniques employing photographs of two houses representing poor and middle-income families were used to interview twenty-four children between the ages of five and thirteen years, divided equally between white and African Americans. These respondents perceived that society provides better future job opportunities to nonpoor children while limiting those of the poor. Although respondents suggested that they and their friends could be exceptions to these limitations, indications of their beginning feelings of hopelessness were revealed. The author proposes strategies to assist in strengthening poor children's belief in themselves and their future.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN KESENJANGAN SOSIAL REGIONAL DI INDONESIA 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Prasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This article discusses on poverty rate and inequlity in urban and rural areas during 2011-15. It shows that poverty rate tends todecrease. The poverty in rural area is worse than that in the urban one. The urban poor people work in the informal sector or in the small business. The poor in the rural areas work in the agriculture sector. The majority of poorest provinces is in the east Indonesia. However, the majority of the poor people live in Java island. Eventough the income inequility in Indonesia is moderate, but it  has been increased since 2011. There are many more poor people above the national poverty line. The government could inprove rural and east Indonesia infstructure in order to increase agriculture production. In this way the poverty in rural area and the gap between east and west Indonesia could decrease.

scholarly journals POVERTY ANALYSIS, INEQUALITY, UNEMPLOYMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Agus Jamaludin ◽  
Zainal Arifin Masri ◽  
Anna Nurfakhanah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

This research is entitled Analysis of Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment and Indonesiandevelopment. The purpose of this study is to find out about poverty, unemployment, inequalityand development in Indonesia and their causes and what has been done by the government toovercome them. The research method used is the library research method, which is the study ofliterature obtained from the reference of books, scientific papers, government reports in theCentral Statistics Agency, the DPR, and websites that are related to the title of this research.Poverty is the inability of people to meet their basic needs such as food, clothing and housingand other equality, unemployment resulting from lack of available employment and businessopportunities that do not support it to be implemented, as well as inequality between the richand the poor, between villages with the city. The result is that the current poverty rate is equalto 9,41% unemployment equals 5,01% inequality 0,382% Development has been carried outwith economic growth amounting to and GDB amounting to Rp3 963,5 triliun.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY TOWARD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND POVERTY RATE IN INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-424
Author(s):  
Indra Maipita ◽  
Mohd. Dan Jantan ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The government is continuously formulating some policies in order to boast economic growth and downsize poverty rate. However, the government is facing some obstacles such as an increasingly in budget deficit which is potentially impacting to the determining of priority scale as well as the pro and contra within it. Based on that consideration, economic policy is needed to be revised and redesigned in order to meet the need of pro growth, pro job, and pro poor. Generally, this research aims to examine the impact of an expansion and contraction of fiscal policy measures on Indonesia economic performance. For the purpose of this study, the change of macro economic indicators, economic sector performance, and the change of poverty and income distribution are examined using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. In order to evaluate the disparity of income distribution, beta distribution function is used which is adopted from Decaluwe, et al. (1999). This study employs Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (F-G-T) and Cockburn (2001) methods to evaluate poverty (poverty incidence) on each household group. The results of this study show that the impact of an increase in subsidy is more favourable than two others fiscal policy measures. Even though the policy of transfer income gives a positive impact for the upsizing of rural household income and the downsizing in poverty, but on the other hand it has negative impact on others household income which aggregately has a negative impact on the decreasing of GDP. JEL Classification: I32, E62.Keywords: fiscal policy, poverty, income distribution

scholarly journals INDUSTRIALIZATION IN TANZANIA: THE NEED FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Kitojo Wetengere
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Disadvantaged People

The objective of this study was to examine industrialization in Tanzania and the need to include the disadvantaged people in the development process. This study used a documentary review methodology. The study found that although industrialization is key to economic growth, if not properly managed, it tends to marginalize the poor people. This calls for social inclusion policy measures. The study, therefore, recommends that, if industrialization is to benefit the disadvantaged, agriculture, which employs the majority of the people, should be industrialized. Further, since the benefits of industrialization may not necessarily accrue to the poor, the above need to be accompanied by conscious efforts of the government and the private sector to provide social and economic services to the disadvantaged poor. Keywords: Industrialization; Social Inclusion; Butter & Bread vs. Yeast & Bread; Economic Growth vs. Economic Development

scholarly journals The Policy Approach In Promoting Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Know How ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this paper is threefold: 1) to investigate the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economy, 2) to classify obstacles for SMEs growth, and 3)to review policy measures in Japan and problems to be solved as soon as possible. This study indicates that SMEs have played a significant role in the economy. SMEs create production linkages among companies in the economy by supplying goods and services. In addition, SMEs have been a main promoter of trade. Moreover, SMEs provide people with various job opportunities, which generate an important source of income. SMEs, however, face many obstacles to sustainable development. One major problem is that SMEs have limited financial resources compared with large enterprises. Due to this financial constraint, it is difficult for SMEs to upgrade production facilities and keep up with new technology. Furthermore, SMEs are suffering from a shortage of skilled labor. This becomes more serious when they try to expand business in the global market. In order for SMEs to compete with rivals in the international market, employees need a wide variety of knowledge and skills, such as foreign business know-how, human resource management, foreign language expertise, etc. Human resources of SMEs are often insufficient to meet their business needs. In Japan, both the central and local governments have implemented various policies to address these challenges. This research found that some policies worked well and supported SMEs, while others did not. The author, however, points out that some studies need to be carefully reconsidered because there is no consistent framework for policy evaluation. This means that the results of the evaluation of SMEs are likely to vary because of the different methodologies used. Thus, this paper recommends the government develop an appropriate system for assessing SME policies.

scholarly journals Development and Poverty: Critical Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Shift of Economic Growth to Empowerment

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Musiyam
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
New Order ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy ◽  
The Government

There had been some changes of poverty preventation strategy for the government of the New Order. In the development process, the change of the strategy from economy growth method to the implementation of “Presidential Decree of Underdeveloped Territorial Program (IDT) “actually emphasized on the increased attention to the poor. It was proved that the combination of various programs could decrease the poverty rate both quantitatively and significantly. However, because the pattern of the top-down and the feature of the charity remained to dominate on the overall strategy, the poor could not have develop significantly independent. Thus, poverty preventation strategy in the future must emphasize on the development of the poor’s creativity, initiative, and capability based on the mobilization of the local resources, so it can make the poor develop and grow independently. In such a way, ontinual development will reasonably run. A change of strategy needs the reshuffle of political structure to democracy.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fathul Muin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Adequate Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
School Duration ◽  
Average School ◽  
Determinants Of Unemployment

Solving the unemployment issue is one of the best ways to reduce poverty. Through the provision of job opportunities, the poverty rate can be reduced. Therefore, this research explores the factors that influence the unemployment rate across 34 provinces over the 2015-2018 period using the panel regression technique. The variable used consisting of economic growth, the percentage of people with IT competence, and the average school duration. This study indicates that the unemployment rate can be reduced by increasing the average school duration. Meanwhile, the level of economic growth and the proportion of people with IT competence have an insignificant influence on Indonesia's unemployment rate. Based on these findings, the government needs to ensure that every resident in its territory can receive an adequate education.

scholarly journals Mengukur Dampak Belanja Pemerintah Bidang Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Papua Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Marcus R. Maspaitella ◽  
Rully N. Wurarah ◽  
Henry A. Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
Papua Barat

Poverty is the main problem occurred in all developing countries, including Indonesia. Poverty rates in Indonesia are very various between provinces. Poverty alleviation also have strong association with the implementatation of programs and tasks derived from the government budgeding instument. This paper aims to analyse the influence of government spending on education and health on poverty rate in Papua Barat province. Sample in this research includes five regencies and one manicipality. Panel data regression was employed to estimate the fitted model. The results indicated that government spending on education has a significant influence on poverty reduction, meanwhile government spending on health has not been a significant driver for reducting the poverty rate. An important implication is that the the implementation of budgeting on education need to be increased by taking into account the effectiveness of its allocation, so that it is expected to connect with poverty alleviation through reducing unemployment and expanding job opportunities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document