scholarly journals Early Detection and Elimination of Underground Pests using IOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Human Eyes

Agriculture is the backbone of our nation. Our country’s growth is highly dependent on the growth of agriculture. Hence, it is mandatory that we need to identify and incorporate new technologies and solutions to protect and improvise problems faced in cultivation by the agriculturalists. In agricultural sector one of the major reasons of losses are due to pests and plant diseases. The harm and impairment caused by insect pests is one of the fundamental factors affecting the crop production. Pests and insects can have adverse effect on agricultural production in turn affecting market access, natural environment, and our lifestyle. The objective of this work is focused on detecting and eliminating the underground worms that causes damage to the crops. An unmanned embedded system is proposed that automatically detects the existence of underground worms in the soil that are not visible to human eyes. This system helps in identifying the existence of worms in the soil using a thermocouple device and eradicates them by instantiating the pesticide on them.

scholarly journals Current status of plant pathogens of agricultural importance for Colombia. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Miguel Marques Monteiro Amaro ◽  
Jonathan Cope ◽  
Bárbara Franco-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Plant disease still plays a major role in limiting agricultural production worldwide. Pathogens and pests reduce crop yield and can cause large reductions in crop quality. Colombia is no exception as it contends with many devastating pathogens that present a major threat to the country’s agricultural sector. This review is important because it highlights four of the more damaging pathogens that affect the economics of important crops in Colombia - Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), Phytophthora palmivora, and Hemileia vastatrix. This paper was based on an extensive literature search for plant diseases in Colombia in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Moreover, this search was complemented with research on crop production in the country in databases made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The four pathogens reviewed in this paper were chosen not only because of their current devastating effects on Colombia’s agricultural production but also because of their potential to cause further damage in the near future. Understanding the current situation of these crop pathogens in Colombia is imperative for state directives aimed at developing informed and efficient control strategies.

World trends in agricultural engineering and the direction of technical and technological modernization of crop production in the Republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
I. L. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Programs

Some basic directions in the global development of agricultural machinery and global trends in the dig-ital transformation of agriculture are reviewed and identified based on analysis of reports and articles by well-known expert organizations in this field. The analysis of the technical re-equipment of the Belarusian crop production over the past decade has been carried out, the directions of digitalization of agricultural production of the republic identified by the current State programs in the agricultural sector and Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 "On the Development of the Digital Economy" have been determined.

World trends in agricultural engineering and the direction of technical and technological modernization of crop production in the republic of Belarus

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
I.L. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Programs

Some basic directions in the global development of agricultural machinery and global trends in the digital transformation of agriculture are reviewed and identified based on analysis of reports and articles by well-known expert organizations in this field. The analysis of the technical re-equipment of the Belarusian crop production over the past decade has been carried out, the directions of digitalization of agricultural production of the republic identified by the current State programs in the agricultural sector and Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 8 “On the Development of the Digital Economy” have been determined.

scholarly journals Applying a Delphi-Type Approach to Estimate the Adaptation Cost on Agriculture to Climate Change in Cyprus

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Marinos Markou ◽  
Anastasios Michailidis ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Stefanos A. Nastis ◽  
Dimitra Lazaridou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Impact Estimate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Agriculture is highly dependent on climate change, and Cyprus especially is experiencing its impacts on agricultural production to a greater extent, mainly due to its geographical location. The adaptation of farming to the effects of global climate change may lead to the maximization of agricultural production, which is an important and desirable improvement. The main aim of this paper is to rank and quantify the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector of Cyprus, through a multi-round Delphi survey seeking a consensus agreement in a group of experts. A multidisciplinary group of 20 experts stated their willingness-to-pay for various impacts of climate change. By applying this method, the individual impacts of climate change on crop production and water resources were brought into the modeling effort on equal footing with cost values. The final cost impact estimate represents the total estimated cost of climate change in the agricultural sector. According to the results, this cost reaches EUR 25.08 million annually for the agricultural sector, and EUR 366.48 million for the whole country. Therefore, it is expected that in the seven-year programming period 2014–2020 the total cost of climate change on agriculture ranges from EUR 176 to EUR 2565 million. The most significant impacts are due to the increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere and the burden of biodiversity and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Analysis of determinants of maize price variations in Nigeria (1978 - 2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-234
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinade ◽  
Ifedotun Victor Aina ◽  
Kayode Ayinade
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Staples

Skyrocketing prices of food staples such as maize can lead to inefficient agricultural production and definitely have detrimental effects on the economic, social, and political growth of any country. Most studies on maize in Nigeria are focused on the increasing consumption or competitiveness, very few address the determinants of maize price change as a panacea for the increase of productivity. Filling this gap requires a study on the various factors that contribute to the variations in the price of maize. In this study, secondary data were used. The study used descriptive statistics tools to analyze the pattern of price variations and changes in the production of maize over a period of 36 years in Nigeria. Also, various factors affecting price variation of maize were examined. It was recommended that the positive and significant impact of country’s population to maize price change should serve as an impulse to encourage investment in agricultural sector of Nigeria in order to ensure food security in the country. Also, the government should use the inflation measures to regulate prices of maize in the country

scholarly journals Nanopesticides: Current status and scope for their application in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant Yadav ◽  
Poonam Jasrotia ◽  
Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
Sudheer Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Volume Property

 Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field that has the potential to revolutionise food systems and counter the present-day challenge of food security. It envisages taking agriculture from the era of indiscriminate natural resource use and environmental degradation to the brave new world of advanced systems with enhanced material use efficiency and targeted applications to reduce crop losses caused due to abiotic-biotic stresses as well as to give due considerations to the environment. To manage plant diseases and insect pests, pesticides are inevitably used in agriculture. However, the higher dosage of these chemicals on a per hectare basis has resulted in many environmental and health hazards. To tackle the conventional pesticide related issues, a new field of science called nanotechnology has led to the development of nanopesticides that have less active ingredients, but better efficiency. The nanopesticides contain the carrier molecule or the active nanosized ingredient with a very high surface area to the volume property that provides them unique exploitable-advantages. Several formulations, viz., nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanogels, metal compound-based nanopesticides, have been developed for different modes of action and vivid applications. The biggest advantage comes due to the small size of the particles that help in properly spreading the ingredients on the pest surface and, thus, producing a better action than conventional pesticides. The use of nanoparticles in the form of nanopesticides, nanofertilisers, and nano delivery systems is on the increase day by day due to their higher efficiency and reduced dosage requirements. However, human beings and other organisms are also getting exposed to the nano-entities during the application or afterwards. The interactions of these engineered nano-entities with biological systems are relatively unknown thus far. Therefore, before their wider usage in crop production and protection, a better understanding of their interactions, and adverse effects, if any, is also crucial for a sustainable transition.  

scholarly journals Integrated application of drones for soil management and precision agriculture in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Agbakoba Augustine Azubuike ◽  
Ema Idongesit Asuquo ◽  
Agbakoba Victor Chike
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Information And Communication

The recent push for precision agriculture has resulted in the deployment of highly sophisticated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) gadgets in various agricultural practices and methods. The introduction of ICT devices has been linked to significant improvements in agricultural activities. These devices have been shown to enhance the optimal management of critical resources such as water, soil, crop and arable land. Again, ICT devices are increasingly attractive due to their flexibility, ease of operation, compactness and superior computational capabilities. Especially when in comparison to the mundane methods previously used by most small- and large-scale farmers. For instance, ICT devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) also referred to as drones, are increasingly being deployed for remote sensing missions where they capture high quality spatial resolution images. The data generated by these UAVs provide much needed information that aids in early spotting of soil degradation, crop conditions, severity of weed infestation and overall monitoring of crop yield variability. This enables farmers to acquire on-the-spot information that will enhance decision making within a short period of time, which will in turn contribute to reduction in running cost and potentially increase yield. It is safe to say that full potentials of drones are yet to be fully utilized in the Nigerian agricultural sector. This is due to several factors; most notably are the numerous challenges that accompany the introduction and adoption of much new technologies. Other factors; include high cost of technology, inadequate or total lack of skilled labour, poor awareness and low-farmer literacy. Therefore, this review work highlights the global progress recorded as a result of the recent application of drones for soil management and efficient crop production. Furthermore, key discussions surrounding the application of drones for precision agriculture and the possible drawbacks facing the deployment of such technology in Nigeria has been covered in this work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Scarcity in Selected Countries of the Middle East

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Vladimír Hönig ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Ivana Pljučarská ◽  
Jakub Kleindienst
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Impact

The primary goal of this article is to evaluate water scarcity in selected countries of the Middle-East and assess the impact on agricultural production. To begin with, the Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation (WASP) Index from 1979 to 2017 was spatially computed for Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. In order to demonstrate the effect of reduced levels of water, the water shortage situation in cities with the population higher than one million was examined. This was accomplished by utilizing the Composite Index approach to make water related statistics more intelligible. A projection for the years of 2020 to 2030 was created in order to demonstrate possible changes in the supply and demand for water in selected countries of the Middle-East. In regards to evaluating the economic effects of water shortages on agricultural sector, effects of lower precipitation on agricultural production in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia were estimated. With ever-increasing urbanization, all countries are currently experiencing a moderate to high water risk. Our research points to excessively high water stress for most analyzed cities through the year 2030. Also, it is demonstrated how much precipitation decreases influence agricultural production in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. From the analyzed countries, some evidence is found that precipitation negatively influences crop production, primarily for Iran.

scholarly journals Examining the Input and Output Linkages in Agricultural Production Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Dong Hee Suh ◽  
Charles B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Input Prices

This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the agricultural sector’s resource allocation and production decisions. This paper uses the differential systems with quasi-fixity to evaluate the complete agricultural production system, which examines the input and output linkages in terms of elasticities. The differential systems are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation technique based on the two-step profit-maximizing procedure in theory. The results reveal that livestock production requires more intermediate inputs, but crop production depends on all the inputs, such as labor, capital, and intermediate inputs. In addition, the results show that input demand is inelastic, indicating that the agricultural sector has little flexibility in adjusting the demand for inputs in response to changes in input prices. Substitutable relationships among labor, capital, and intermediate inputs exist, which may reduce the pressures on production costs when input prices rise. Regarding the quasi-fixed input, land expansion changes the composition of labor and intermediate inputs, showing that the agricultural sector reduces the intensive margin when it pursues the extensive margin. Furthermore, the results show that agricultural supply is not very responsive to the respective price changes. Along with the inelastic output supply, there exist substitutable relationships between livestock and crop supply, showing that relative price changes can alter output composition in supply. The agricultural sector also reallocates more land areas into crop production rather than livestock production.

scholarly journals DIGITIZATION OF RECLAMATION AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS, INNOVATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Yurchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: study, analysis, assessment of opportunities, advantages and prospects, as well as difficulties, barriers, risks and feasibility of creating, introducing and using innovative technologies for managing agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The methodological basis of the work is based on the study, generalization and comparison of structural, functional, technological, ergonomic and other significant factors of information systems that characterize their shortcomings and opportunities for the development of highly productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural production. Results: an analysis of the formation of digitalization of domestic agricultural production showed the need to attract actively private investment in the agricultural sector of the economy, which in turn led to the need for large-scale information coverage of the benefits and risks of digitalization as a powerful factor in increasing the investment attractiveness of agribusiness. The priority and promising directions of digitalization of the reclamation sector of the economy are identified and characterized. The advantages of using automated technologies for managing the reclamation regime of agroecosystems are shown, which ensure the cost-effectiveness of automation. Along with the indicators of the expected effect, the factors characterizing the complexities, difficulties and risks of failure to achieve the planned investment efficiency, which consideration contributes to the leveling (elimination) of these restrictions, are considered. Proposals are formulated to improve the information and analytical resource for substantiating the effectiveness of digitalization and the state influence on its formation based on the development of platform technologies. Conclusions: intensification of work on the analysis, assessment and coverage of the state of digitalization of the crop production system with the ability to access it for all interested participants in agribusiness will motivate the entrepreneurs to invest in the latter.

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