scholarly journals INFILTRATION WELLS ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE WATER PUDDLE IN LOWOKWARU DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hirijanto Hirijanto ◽  
I Wayan Mundra ◽  
Bambang Wedyantadji
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Community Information ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
Effective Drainage

Surface waters give a plentiful supply of waters ready to be utilized for residence, farmland, fishery, industry, and electric generating machine, and most importantly, to deal with the problem of water scarcity (crisis). Rain is one of the hydrological cycles that help to preserve groundwater (shallow groundwater). During the rainy season, most waters go directly to the river and the sea without processing, creating inundations and flood in some places. Water resources, however, begin to lose their supporting capacity. Water supply is no longer balanced with the demand that starts to bulge up excessively. This disrupted balance is indicated by many critical lands that are less productive and incapable of absorbing waters to the ground. Considering this outline, the implementation of environmentally friendly infiltration wells can be a strategic option to solve the water balance issue. Some alternatives of infiltration wells are proposed as the solution to the problem that this research deals with. It is estimated that these wells can reduce 10%-15% of surface runoff rate in Lowokwaru District of Malang City, especially around Soekarno-Hatta Street that always leaves massive water puddle, especially during the rainy season. This research gives the relevant institutions and user community information about drainage construction, drainage network, and land use above drainage network. Through this information, it is expected that the follow-up can be given efficiently to produce an optimum and effective drainage network. Community participation, therefore, is needed to maintain the benefits of alternative infiltration wells to ensure their sustainability in the future.

scholarly journals Implementasi Konsep Konservasi Air di Gedung Apartemen X

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vine Valenia David ◽  
Kancitra Pharmawati ◽  
Djoni Kusmulyana Usman
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Recycle ◽  
Runoff Rate

<p>Clean water crisis that occurred in Bandung is caused by land conversion in North Bandung area which is a recharge area into commercial buildings. This increases runoff rate from 40% to 70% that can lead can lead to flooding and reduced groundwater availability. Therefore, it is necessary to save water by implementing water conservation. Considering those problems, this study aims to apply the concept of water conservation in X Apartment building that is located in the North Bandung Region by referring to Mayor Regulation of Bandung in 2016. Water conservation efforts that will be applied are wastewater reuse into water recycle, rainwater harvesting, infiltration well construction and placing water meters. The application of water conservation concept considers two conditions, namely in rainy season and dry season. Total need for clean water can be saved by 45,8% in dry season, while in rainy season clean water can be saved by 31,74%.</p>

Groundwater intrusion into leaky sewer systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wittenberg ◽  
H. Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Baseflow Separation ◽  
Storm Drainage ◽  
Urban Storm

Vast volumes of groundwater are drained by urban sewer systems. This unwanted flow component intrudes into sewer systems through leaky joints or connected house drains. However, unlike urban storm drainage, it has a high seasonal variation corresponding to groundwater storage and long slow recessions similar to baseflow in rivers also fed by shallow groundwater exfiltrating into the surface waters. By applying the nonlinear reservoir algorithm as used for baseflow separation from total flow in a river, groundwater flow is separated from daily measured influents to treatment plants in Lower Saxony and Baden-Württemberg, Germany and in the Terkos Lake watershed near Istanbul, Turkey. While waste water flows vary only moderately within a year, separated intruded groundwater flows show recessions and seasonal variations correlated to baseflow in neighbouring rivers. It is possible to conclude that recession characteristics of treatment plant influents allow quantification and prediction of groundwater intrusion into sewer systems.

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF DERMATOPHYLOSIS USING HOMEOPATHY MEDICINES IN COWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kalirajan ◽  
R. Uma Rani ◽  
Vijay L. Parmar ◽  
R.R. Singh ◽  
N.B. Jadav
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Hair Regrowth ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
One Year

Six pluriparous Holstein Friesian cross bred cows of age between 4 years to 6 years with dermatophilosis were examined and treated with Homeopathic medicines.Direct microscopic examination of the impression smears of skin lesions and bacterial culture confirmed the organisms D. congolensis. The animals were treated with homeopathic medicines, Rhus tox 30 C, Sepia 30 C, Thuja 200X and Psorinum 30 C. Treated animals showed cessation of itching, oozing and shedding off scabs from 3rd day to 5th day and the crusts started falling off from the lesions between 3rd to 4th day of treatment. Hair regrowth started from 12 days and complete healing without any scarring was observed within 25 to 28 days . The disease did not recur on the treated animals during the follow up period of one year even during the next rainy season.

Determining water transit times in dynamic environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geochemical Tracers ◽  
Headwater Catchments ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Stream Waters

&lt;p&gt;Determining the time taken for water to pass through catchments from where it is recharged to where it discharges into streams or is sampled from within the soils or aquifers (the transit time) is vital for understanding catchment functioning. Near-surface environments are dynamic and transit times are likely to vary at different stages of the hydrological cycle. Because of the lower input of bomb-pulse tritium in the southern hemisphere it is possible to determine transit times from individual tritium measurements. Additionally, because tritium is radioactive, transit times can be estimated where the catchment is not stationary. While the transit times are subject to uncertainties, this approach allows transit times at different stages of the hydrological cycles in dynamic environments to be determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In several southeast Australian headwater catchments, the mean transit times of stream waters at low flows range from several years to decades. The tritium activities increase at higher flows, implying that there is an input of younger water at that time. However, the tritium activities generally remain below those of recent rainfall implying that simple dilution by recent rainfall is not occurring; that conclusion is consistent with the variation in the concentrations of other geochemical tracers at different streamflows. Rather, the variations in geochemistry are consistent with shallower younger stores of water from the soils and regolith being progressively mobilised as the catchments wet up during winter. These younger water stores typically have mean transit times of at least a few years. The generally long transit times imply that the southeast Australian headwater catchments have large storage capacities, probably due to the catchments being unglaciated and deeply weathered. The observation that the transit times at high flows are still relatively long suggest that, even though they may only be active for part of the year, the shallow water stores also have relatively large volumes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understanding the transit times improves our ability to predict the behaviour and management of these catchments. The large storage capacities result in the catchments being resilient to year-on-year variations in rainfall and many of the headwater streams in southeast Australia have continued to flow through recent droughts. Similarly, the streams are less susceptible to inputs of surface contamination but contaminants stored in the soil water or shallow groundwater may impact the streams over prolonged periods. As the bomb-pulse tritium decays over the next few decades, determining mean transit times from single tritium measurements will become possible in northern hemisphere catchments. This will enable a better global understanding of catchment functioning in a wider range of environments.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Analisis Kedalaman dan Kualitas Air Tanah di Kecamatan Hulonthalangi Kota Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Aang Panji Permana
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agriculture Industry

ABSTRAKAir tanah merupakan sumber utama cadangan air tawar yang bekerja dalam siklus hidrostatik. Air tanah disediakan untuk konsumsi manusia, pertanian, industri dan banyak ekosistem yang bergantung pada air tanah, terutama selama musim kemarau. Kecamatan Hulonthalangi secara geografis terletak bagian selatan Kota Gorontalo berbatasan langsung dengan Teluk Tomini terdiri dari 5 kelurahan yakni Donggala, Pohe, Siendeng, Tenda dan Tanjung Kramat. Jumlah penduduknya 16.304 yang dilalui tiga sungai yakni Sungai Bone, Bolango dan Tamalate. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kedalaman muka air tanah dangkal secara pasti dengan mengukur langsung sumur warga. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengetahui kualitas air tanah dengan analisis parameter fisika dan kimia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif mengamati kualias air tanah berdasarkan parameter fisika seperti warna, bau, rasa dan keterdapatan endapan serta mewawancara warga. Untuk analisis kuantitatif mengukur dan memplot koordinat, elevasi, kedalaman air tanah dan kandungan kimia. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian menunjukan kedalaman muka air tanah rata-rata 2,87 - 4,04 meter. Pola aliran air tanah terbagi dua yakni dari tenggara ke barat laut dan dari timur ke barat. Analisis kualitas air, untuk warna 16% sampel terindikasi perlu tindaklanjut analisis laboratorium. Parameter bau 12% sampel tidak memenuhi syarat, untuk rasa 24% sampel tidak memenuhi syarat dan untuk endapan 14% sampel terindikasi tindaklanjut analisis laboratorium. Pemanfaatan air tanah 24% untuk kebutuhan pokok temasuk air minum. Analisis kimia di Stasiun 46 Kelurahan Pohe merupakan depot air minum mengandung besi 0,02 mg/l, nitrat 1,2 mg/l dan arsen 0 mg/l memenuhi standar kesehatan. ABSTRACT Ground water is the main source of freshwater reserves that work in the hydrostatic cycle. Groundwater is provided for human consumption, agriculture, industry and many ecosystems that depend on ground water, especially during dry seasons. Hulonthalangi Subdistrict is geographically located south of Gorontalo City adjacent to Tomini Bay consists of 5 villages namely Donggala, Pohe, Siendeng, Tenda and Tanjung Kramat. The population of 16,304 passes through three rivers namely Bone, Bolango and Tamalate Rivers. This study aims to determine the depth of shallow groundwater face with certainty by directly measuring the residents' wells. In addition, this study also aims to determine the quality of groundwater with the analysis of physical and chemical parameters. The method used is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis observes the quality of groundwater based on physical parameters such as color, odor, taste and sediment deposit and interviewing citizens. For quantitative analysis measures and ploting the coordinates, elevation, depth of ground water and chemical content. Results and discussion of the study showed the depth of groundwater averaging 2.87 - 4.04 meters. The pattern of groundwater flow is divided into two, namely from southeast to northwest and east to west. Analysis of water quality, for the color of 16% samples indicated need follow-up laboratory analysis. The odor parameter of 12% samples was not eligible, for a taste of 24% unqualified samples and for precipitation 14% samples indicated follow-up laboratory analysis. Utilization of ground water 24% for basic needs including drinking water. Chemical analysis at Station 46 Pohe Village is drinking water depot contain 0.02 mg/l iron, 1.2 mg/l nitrate and 0 mg/l arsen meets health standards. 

Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Integrating Areas of Irregular Urban Growth with the Formal City

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Miguez ◽  
Aline P. Verol ◽  
Raphael B. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Effective Drainage ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The main objective of this paper is to propose an alternative for the stormwater management in low-income communities, settled in urban vertical slums, located in areas with insufficient infrastructure and degraded environment. A case study located in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, is presented. The high slopes of the studied area are used to favor the superficial flows, generating alternatives for the traditional stormdrains used to collect the runoff of the upstream reaches. A small reservoir is proposed for each house, reducing flood volumes by allowing rainwater harvesting, and a greater retention reservoir is introduced as a storage measure for connecting the microdrainage coming from the informal city to the formal city. The different scenarios were simulated with the aid of a mathematical model called MODCEL and the results showed that it is possible to apply an effective drainage system solution in informal areas, without affecting the already implemented downstream formal drainage network. The retention reservoir proposed also introduces the possibility to act in improving the water quality to downstream areas, although this complementary aspect is not developed in this study.

scholarly journals Use of sentinel chickens to study the transmission dynamics of West Nile virus in a sahelian ecosystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. CHEVALIER ◽  
R. LANCELOT ◽  
A. DIAÏTE ◽  
B. MONDET ◽  
X. De LAMBALLERIE
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Transmission Peak ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Seasonal Transmission

SUMMARYDuring the 2003 rainy season, a follow-up survey in sentinel chickens was undertaken to assess the seasonal transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in a sahelian ecosystem: the Ferlo (Senegal). The estimated incidence rate in chickens was 14% (95% CI 7–29), with a very low level of transmission between July and September, and a transmission peak occurring between September and October. Comparing these results with the estimate obtained from a previous transversal serological study performed on horses the same year in the same area, the relevance of sentinel chickens in estimating the WNV transmission rate is highlighted. Conventionally adult mosquito populations disappear during the dry season but WN disease was shown to be endemic in the study area. The mechanisms of virus maintenance are discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonality of Cryptosporidium oocyst detection in surface waters of Meru, Kenya as determined by two isolation methods followed by PCR

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Muchiri ◽  
Luke Ascolillo ◽  
Mutuma Mugambi ◽  
Titus Mutwiri ◽  
Honorine D. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Immunomagnetic Bead ◽  
Waterborne Pathogen ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Human Infections

Meru, Kenya has watersheds which are shared by wildlife, humans and domesticated animals. These surface waters can be contaminated by the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium. To quantify the seasonality and prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Meru regional surface waters, we used a calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF) and sucrose floatation method, and a filtration and immunomagnetic bead separation method, each of which used PCR for Cryptosporidium detection and genotyping. Monthly water samples were collected from January through June in 2003 and 2004, bracketing two April-May rainy seasons. We detected significant seasonality with 8 of 9 positive samples from May and June (p&lt;0.0014), which followed peak rainy season precipitation and includes some of the subsequent dry season. Six of 9 positive samples revealed C. parvum, and 3 contained C. andersoni. None contained C. hominis. Our results indicate that Meru surface waters are Cryptosporidium-contaminated at the end of rainy seasons, consistent with the timing of human infections reported by others from East Africa and contrasting with the onset of rainy season peak incidence reported from West Africa.

Enhancing Community Suicide Risk Assessment and Protective Intervention Action Plans Through a Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Video

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karien Hill ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer ◽  
Shawn Somerset ◽  
Philippe A. Chouinard ◽  
Carina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Community Information ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Protective Intervention

Abstract. Aim: The effects of a bystander intervention model (BIM)-informed intervention (video) for the general community on participant risk of suicide assessment ability (ROSAA) and protective intervention ability (PIA) were compared with an active control (non-BIM-informed video). Method: Video interventions with 628 participants ( Mage = 47.99, SDage = 17.34, range = 18–85 years) were conducted online. ROSAA and PIA were assessed immediately preintervention, postintervention, and at 2 months follow-up ( n = 126). Results: Linear mixed model analyses indicated that the experimental and control conditions improved on both outcome variables postintervention/Time 2 (T2); however, the former yielded better outcomes than the latter (moderate ESs in both variables). Follow-up/Time 3 (T3) experimental ROSAA scores were higher than Time 1 (T1) and lower than T2 scores. Follow-up experimental PIA scores were higher than T1 and lower than T2 scores. Follow-up control ROSAA scores were higher than those of T1 and similar to T2. Follow-up control PIA scores were similar to T1 and T2 scores. Limitations: Limitations of the study include: sample homogeneity, small n at follow-up, self-report data only (no observable behavior was tested), fair inter-rater reliability, and a brief follow-up time frame. Conclusion: Current community information increased ROSAA and PIA. A BIM-informed intervention significantly enhanced these effects, which seemed to wane somewhat over time with the effect being lower at follow-up compared with postintervention. The BIM should be explored further as a basis for community suicide prevention interventions.

Aquatic mosses for the detection and follow-up of accidental discharges in surface waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 333-348
Author(s):  
C. Mouvet ◽  
E. Morhain ◽  
C. Sutter ◽  
N. Couturieux
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aquatic Mosses
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