scholarly journals EFFECT OF NITROGEN, ROOT STIMULATOR, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON A SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACH SAPLINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altotanje & Joody
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characters

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, organic root stimulator and gibberellic acid on some growth characters of peach saplings cv. Red June for two consecutive seasons 2017-2018 at College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad. Different nitrogen (Urea 46%N) rates (0,50,75 gm) with three concentrations of organic stimulator (0,0.5,1 gm.L-1) and two rates of Ga3 (0,50 mg.L-1) were applied in a factorial scheme (3×3×2). Results revealed that the individual and interactive effect of applying nitrogen, root stimulator and GA3 significantly increased the studied characters, the interaction at N2D1G1 has improved the leaf dry weight (42.00%), shoot dry weight (61.33 %), Relative water content (RWC) (60.00%), N (2.68%), P (0.414%) and K (1.94 %) for season 2017, while the treatment N2D2G1 had the highest values at leaf dry weight (46.00 %), shoot dry weight (64.00%), RWC (74.00%) and leaf content of N (2.39%),  P (0.56%), and K (1.99%) for  season 2018.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLIC ACID DURING PRIMING OF PURPLE CONEFLOWER [ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L) MOENCH.] SEEDS IMPROVES GERMINATION AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 186c-186
Author(s):  
Janine O. Haynes ◽  
Wallace G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Percentage Points

Purple coneflower seeds following priming (-0.04 MPa, 10 days, 15C, darkness) osmotically in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) or matrically in expanded no. 5 vermiculite had greater germination rate and synchrony at continuous 20C or 30C than untreated seeds, but germination percentage was unaffected. Inclusion of 5.5 × 10-2 M gibberellic acid (GA3 as ProGibb Plus 2X, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Ill.) further improved germination rate and synchrony at 20C, but not at 30C. In a greenhouse study (30C day/27C night, July-August natural light), seeds primed in PEG or vermiculite containing G A3 compared to untreated seeds had 6 percentage points higher maximum emergence (ME), 3.3 fewer days to 50% ME, 1.9 fewer days between 10% and 90% ME, 116% greater shoot dry weight, and 125% longer leaves at 16 days after planting in peat-lite. Inclusion of ethephon (0.01 m, as Florel) either alone or with GA3 during priming provided no benefit to seed germination or seedling emergence. Moistened vermiculite substituted for PEG solution as a priming medium for purple coneflower seeds, the priming benefit on seedling emergence and growth being enhanced by 5.5 × 10-2m G A3 inclusion in the priming media.

scholarly journals Screening of Mungbean Genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Induced Drought Stress Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽  
Saleh Ahmed Shahriar ◽  
Md. Abdullahil Baque ◽  
Most. Nurjahan Khatun Eaty ◽  
Maliha Rahman Falguni
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Sixteen advance genotypes of mungbeans under 5 different concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were studied to find out the better cultivar against drought stress condition. The experiment results revealed that germination, seedling production and water-related behavior of mungbean genotypes differed significantly under different PEG (drought inducer) concentrations. The mungbean genotype BINA Mung-6 (V8) is proved as highly tolerant against drought stress condition among all other tested genotypes. The results of the investigation revealed that BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype consistently scored the highest value for all parameters except for the root shoot ratio and water retention capacity that was statistically comparable to genotypes BARI Mung-4 (V2) and BINA Mung-5 (V7). Consistently poor performance were recorded from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype which is statistically similar as genotypes BMXK1-09015-2 (V13) and BMXK1-09015-6 (V10). The maximum percentage of germination (98.12%), shoot length (139.40 mm), root length (99.07 mm), shoot dry weight (22.32 mg), root dry weight (6.88 mg), relative water content (94.78), water retention capacity (24.98), germination co-efficient (22.27) and vigor index (233.90) were reported from BINA Mung-6 (V8) at a concentration of 0 percent PEG. The minimum percentage of germination (28.22 percent), shoot length (31.17 mm), root length (16.50 mm), shoot dry weight (2.21 mg), root dry weight (0.97 mg), relative water content (25.55), water retention capacity (3.08), germination co-efficient (6.06) and vigor index (13.45) were reported from IPM-02-03 (V16) mungbean advance lines at 0 percent PEG. Maximum (0.92) root shoot ratio was recorded from both BARI Mung-8 (V6) and BMX-08011-2 (V11) mungbean genotypes at 20 percent PEG concentration and minimum (0.22) at 0 percent PEG concentration from BARI Mung-5 (V3) genotype. Maximum water retention capacity (74.45) was recorded at 20 per cent PEG concentration from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype and minimum (5.22) was at 0 per cent PEG concentration from BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype.

scholarly journals Germination and Emergence of Parsley in Response to Osmotic or Matric Seed Priming and Treatment with Gibberellin

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Emergence Percentage

`Moss Curled' seeds of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) were primed osmotically in polyethylene glycol or matrically in fine, exfoliated vermiculite at –0.5 MPa for 4 or 7 days at 20 or 30 °C with 0 or 1 mm GA3. All priming treatments stimulated and hastened germination. Matric priming resulted in greater germination (89%) than osmotic priming (83%) when seeds were primed for 7 days at 30 °C, but priming agent had no effect on germination percentage following priming at 20 °C or for 4 days. In seeds primed for 4 days at 20 or 30 °C, matric priming hastened germination more than did osmotic priming. Germination was generally less synchronous with matric than with osmotic priming. Increasing priming time from 4 to 7 days increased the rate of germination, but increased germination synchrony only when seeds were primed at 20 °C. Inclusion of 1 mm GA3 during priming had little or no effect on germination. All matric priming treatments (other than 4-day priming) were repeated to assess seedling emergence in a greenhouse (25°C day/22 °C night). Priming increased the percentage, rate and synchrony of emergence, and increased hypocotyl length at 3 weeks after planting. Priming at 30 °C with 1 mm GA3 resulted in the greatest emergence percentage, hypocotyl length, and shoot dry weight. We conclude that matric priming is a satisfactory alternative to osmotic priming of parsley seeds. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen, Gibberellic Acid, Triadimefon, and Kinetin on the Seedling Growth of Sapodilla (Achras sapota) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 437C-437
Author(s):  
J.P. Morales-Payan ◽  
B.M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Achras Sapota ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Plastic Containers

Container experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the effects of nitrogen, gibberellic acid, triadimefon, and kinetin on the seedling growth of sapodilla (Achras sapota) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica). Plants were started from seeds on cylindrical plastic containers (20 × 20 cm) filled with an artificial a 1:1 mixture of sand and loamy soil, allowing the growth of only one plant per container. Nitrogen rates (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g N per plant, applied as ammonium sulfate) were factorially combined with the rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm each) of the regulators. When the plants had three true leaves, nitrogen was applied to the growing mixture, whereas the growth regulators were applied foliarly. Plants were allowed to grow during 60 days after treatment. There were no nitrogen and regulator interactions. Kinetin treatments did not significantly influence shoot dry weight and height in either species. Both species responded with linearly increased height, internode length, and dry weight to increasing GA3 concentrations. Increasing rates of the growth retardant triadimefon significantly reduced the internode length and total height of sapodilla and tamarind seedlings. These results suggest that gibberellin and triadimefon could be effectively used as a means to stimulate or retard, respectively, the growth of sapodilla and tamarind.

scholarly journals Weed-Competitive Ability of Forage Maize Cultivars against Barnyardgrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Weed-competitive cultivars are desired in the wake of growing popularity of organic farming, environmental pollution and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This research work evaluated the weed competitive ability of three forage maize cultivars (ADA-523, AGA and SASA-5) against the noxious weed barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.). The study was conducted in spring 2018 and repeated in summer 2018. Results of this study showed that maize-barnyardgrass competition significantly decreased the growth of forage maize plants. For instance, barnyardgrass decreased the maize plant height by 11.9-16.9%, leaf length by 13.3-20.2%, leaf width by 20.2-27.4%, and number of leaves by 14.3-25.0%. Fresh and dry weights of maize plants were also significantly decreased as a result of weed-crop competition. Barnyardgrass decreased the shoot fresh weight (30.7-60.6%), shoot dry weight (33.3-52.2%), leaf fresh weight (33.4-56.5%) and leaf dry weight (31.9-50.0%) of the maize plants. An interactive effect of weed × maize cultivars was found non-significant. Forage maize cultivars also varied occasionally for their traits. Nevertheless, ADA-523 had a higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight than the cultivars AGA and SASA-5. On the other hand, the cultivar SASA-5 had a higher shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight than the other cultivars in the study. This research work concluded that the forage maize cultivars in the study did not vary for the weed-competitive ability. Further, barnyardgrass-maize competition could decrease the growth and development of the maize cultivars.

Gibberellic acid induced growth acceleration in Populus hybrids

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Rood ◽  
G. Daicos ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation

Weekly applications of 0.4 mg gibberellic acid (GA) in 8 μL 95% ethanol micropipetted onto shoots of rooted cuttings increased Populuseuramericana (Dode) Guinier height growth by 54% and shoot dry weight by 25% after 21 days. Total leaf area increased by 21% as a result of more rapid leaf production and slightly larger leaf sizes. Root growth was unaffected by GA treatment. The observed GA-induced acceleration resulted from an increase in relative growth rate while mean net assimilation rate was unaffected. Owing to a substantial increase in the number and size of leaves, the leaf area ratio, representing the ratio of photosynthesizing to respiring material, increased. While direct micropipette application of GA promoted height growth and primary shoot dry weight accumulation, GA application through either foliar spray or soil drench also promoted the growth of secondary shoots. Application of GA to shoots was more effective in promoting shoot growth than application through the roots. Direct GA application also promoted the growth of P. alba L. × P. grandidentata Michx. and P. × canescens (Ait.) Smith × P. alba × P. grandidentata. Thus, GA can be used for hastening early growth of these trees under winter greenhouse conditions.

The effect of locomotor activity on the growth of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre East ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Speed

Yearling hatchery-reared brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, were trained during a 20-day period at different water velocities: 0.00, 0.85, 1.72, and 2.50 body lengths/s (bl/s). Our results indicate that growth (wet weight), food conversion efficiency, and the deposition of lipids on the digestive tract were maximized at 0.85 bl/s. The individual growth (wet weight) was also more homogeneous at this water speed. The storage of lipids in the white muscles was significantly lower in still water (0.00 bl/s) while the increase in length, the increase in the dry weight of the carcass (whole fish less internal organs), and the relative water content of the muscle showed no significant differences between the tested water velocities. Behavioural observations indicated that the frequency of agonistic behaviours between individuals was important in still water, but decreased significantly in the presence of a water current.

Effect of barley plant density on wild oat interference, shoot biomass and seed yield under zero tillage

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
J. C. Newman ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
D. W. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Densities

There has been little research aimed at developing regression models to describe the effects of barley and wild oat plant density on barley yield loss, or wild oat biomass and seed yield. Such models are an important component of integrated weed management systems, and can help determine when weed control with herbicides is economical. Field experiments were conducted over 4 yr at Vegreville, Alberta, to determine the interactive effects of wild oat and barley plant density on barley and wild oat variables in a zero tillage system. A nonlinear regression model in most cases provided good descriptions of barley yield loss, wild oat shoot dry weight, and wild oat seed yield as functions of wild oat and barley plant densities. The interactive effect of wild oat and barley plant density on percentage barley yield loss did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) among years. A pooled regression model describing barley yield loss accounted for 57% of the variation, and provides a means of estimating yield loss due to wild oat in barley grown under zero tillage. Barley yield loss increased as wild oat density increased but the magnitude of the yield loss diminished with increasing barley plant density. Wild oat economic threshold densities varied among years, and were strongly influenced by barley price and expected wild oat-free yield. Economic thresholds were greater at higher barley plant densities. Barley seed weight decreased with increasing barley plant density, and to a lesser extent with increasing wild oat density. The interactive effect of wild oat and barley plant density on wild oat seed yield varied significantly with year, and appeared to be influenced by climatic conditions. The cooler, wetter spring of 1996 favored wild oat seed production (by several orders of magnitude) compared with the relatively warmer and drier spring of 1995. Each year wild oat seed yield and shoot dry weight decreased as barley plant density increased. The results suggest that seeding barley at relatively high rates may reduce the need for wild oat control with herbicides in zero tillage systems. Key words: Zero tillage, wild oat interference, barley seeding rate, nonlinear regression

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and HPS Supplementary Lighting Influence Vegetable Transplant Production. I. Transplant Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Masson ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
N Rates

This experiment was initiated to determine the effects of supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (PAR) in combination with four N rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/liter) on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays. Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli. Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter-1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively. High N fertilization accelerated shoot growth at the expense of root growth, except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed. High N also reduced percentage of shoot dry matter. Supplementary lighting appears to be a promising technique when used in combination with high N rates to improve the production of high quality transplants, particularly those sown early.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Ertran Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Ayla Gür
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper.  There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important.  The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and  plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively.  In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

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